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Motamed S, Anari R, Motamed S, Amani R. Vitamin D and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among pregnant women: a systematic review of observational studies. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:41. [PMID: 37891486 PMCID: PMC10612223 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to map the evidence evaluated the relationship between vitamin D and redox and inflammatory status during gestation. METHODS Three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS)) and reference list of included documents were searched for related observational studies published until 2nd October 2023. To determine the quality of the selected observational studies, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used. RESULTS After a primary search of three databases, 19492records were appeared. When duplicates and irrelevant documents were removed, 14 articles were found to have eligible criteria. The design of the identified studies was cross-sectional, case-control and cohort. Evidence showed an adverse association between 25(OH)D and the biomarkers of inflammation, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor- alfa (TNF-α) during pregnancy. On the contrary, some studies represented that 25(OH)D positively correlated with hs-CRP in the cord blood. One study suggested a direct association between serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and Interleukin-8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP), and TNF-α levels in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A case-control study showed that lower serum concentration of 25(OH)D positively correlated with total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in participants. CONCLUSIONS Evidence confirmed the supposition of the direct relationship between vitamin D levels and biomarkers with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. However, the Existence of inconsistent evidence confirms the need for further studies in mothers with GDM and hypertensive disorders. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CODE CRD42020202600.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Razieh Anari
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Motamed
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Kumar A, Shankar S, Arora A, Bhanot R, Gupta A, Ambiya V, Kaushik J, D S. Association of serum vitamin D levels with clinical spectrum of central serous chorioretinopathy patients of Indian origin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 41:103281. [PMID: 36627071 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D, a fat-soluble prohormone has been implicated in various ophthalmological diseases such as ocular inflammation, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and ocular angiogenesis. Many studies have shown effect of vitamin D on oxidative stress, angiogenesis and retinal circulation. However, there is definitive lack in published literature on effect of vitamin D on central serous chorioretinopathy especially in view of various epidemiological studies reporting risk of vitamin deficiency in up to 40% adult population. OBJECTIVE To determine serum vitamin D levels in various clinical profiles of central serous chorioretinopathy and their effect on its pathophysiology in Indian population. DESIGN Case control observational study METHODS: Study included 42 patients (group P) of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) diagnosed with optic coherence tomography (OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) which were further sub-grouped into acute(P1), chronic (P2) and recurrent (P3). A total of 44 age & sex-matched healthy control subjects (group C) were also included. The vitamin D levels of both groups were examined and analyzed. RESULTS No significant difference between the groups P and C in respect of age, gender or baseline best corrected visual acuity (P = 0.153, P = 0.123 and P = 0.08, respectively) was noted. Vitamin D levels were determined as 16.473 ± 7.307 ng/mL in group P and 34.940 ± 8.348 ng/mL in group C and difference was statistically significant(P = 0.001). There were statistically significantly more no of patient in group P (78.57%) with deficient vitamin D levels as compared to normal serum levels (4.76%) (P = 0.04). Patients in group P1(acute CSCR) and P2(Chronic CSCR) also had significant more no of subjects with deficient vitamin D levels as compared to normal serum levels (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The low serum vitamin D levels were determined in all clinical sub-types of central serous chorioretinopathy patients which point to its possible role in the pathophysiology of the disease. There is a need for further studies to determine the changes that could occur with vitamin replacement therapy in CSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India.
| | - Sandeep Shankar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Amit Arora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Rohit Bhanot
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Arun Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Vikas Ambiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Jaya Kaushik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Srujana D
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
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Miao D, Goltzman D. Mechanisms of action of vitamin D in delaying aging and preventing disease by inhibiting oxidative stress. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 121:293-318. [PMID: 36707138 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although several recent studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation beneficially decreases oxidative stress parameters, there is no consensus on this subject in humans. Thus the role of vitamin D supplementation has recently become a controversial topic because large intervention studies in humans have not shown significant benefits. These studies have indicated that supplementation with precursor forms of active vitamin D has no effect on all-cause mortality, cannot reduce the fracture risk of the elderly, cannot reduce the incidence of cancer or cardiovascular disease in the elderly, and cannot significantly reduce the incidence risk of diabetes in the elderly. However, a link between several age-related diseases and enhanced oxidative stress has been found in mice with insufficient or deficient 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the active form of vitamin D, which indicates that reduced active vitamin D accelerates aging and age-related diseases by increasing oxidative stress. Furthermore, supplementation of exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3, or antioxidants, could dramatically postpone aging, prevent osteoporosis and spontaneous tumor development induced by 1,25(OH)2D insufficiency or deficiency, by inhibiting oxidative stress. Mechanistically, the antioxidative effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 are carried out via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) by activation of the Nrf2 oxidative stress response pathway though transcriptional or posttranscriptional activation of Nrf2 or transcriptional upregulation of Sirt1 and Bmi1 expression. Whether discrepancies between studies in humans and in mice reflect the different forms of vitamin D examined remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Goltzman
- McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Karpova N, Dmitrenko O, Arshinova E, Nurbekov M. Review: Influence of 25(OH)D Blood Concentration and Supplementation during Pregnancy on Preeclampsia Development and Neonatal Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112935. [PMID: 36361738 PMCID: PMC9653937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Briefly, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) plays an essential role in embryogenesis and the course of intra- and postnatal periods and is crucially involved in the functioning of the mother–placenta–fetus system. The low quantity of 25(OH)D during pregnancy can lead to an elevated risk for preeclampsia occurrence. Despite the numerous studies on the association of 25(OH)D deficiency and preeclampsia development, the current research on this theme is contradictory. In this review, we summarize and analyze study data on the effects of 25(OH)D deficiency and supplementation on pregnancy, labor, and fetal and neonatal outcomes.
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Wei SQ, Bilodeau JF, Julien P, Luo ZC, Abenhaim HA, Bi WG, Nuyt AM, Leduc L, Audibert F, Fraser WD. Maternal vitamin D, oxidative stress, and pre-eclampsia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 154:444-450. [PMID: 33350462 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between risk of pre-eclampsia and pregnancy levels of maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and oxidative stress biomarkers. METHODS A nested case-control study (n = 99; 34 cases; 65 controls) within a prospective pregnancy cohort. Maternal 25(OH)D and oxidative stress markers (six isomers of F2 -isoprostanes; F2 -isoPs) were measured in plasma at 12-18 and 24-26 gestational weeks. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25[OH]D less than 50 nmol/L. RESULTS Maternal vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased 8-iso-PGF2α (P = 0.037), 15(R)-PGF2α (P = 0.004), (±)5-iPF2α -VI (P = 0.026) at 12-18 weeks. Vitamin D deficiency was inversely associated with 8-iso-PGF2α (P = 0.019) and (±)5-iPF2α -VI isomer (P = 0.010) at 24-26 weeks. Both maternal vitamin D deficiency (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67-13.75) and increased (±)5-iPF2α -VI (aOR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.16-5.22) at 24-26 weeks were associated with risk of pre-eclampsia. However, the interaction test between 25(OH)D and (±)5-iPF2α -VI was not significant (P = 0.143). CONCLUSION Plasma 25(OH)D below 50 nmol/L was associated with increased oxidative stress levels during pregnancy as measured by two F2 -isoP isomers, including the well-studied marker 8-iso-PGF2α . Whether vitamin D-induced oxidative stress mediates the risk of pre-eclampsia warrants future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Qin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Bilodeau
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and nephrology, CHU of Quebec Research Center - Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and nephrology, CHU of Quebec Research Center - Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Zhong-Cheng Luo
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haim A Abenhaim
- Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wei Guang Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Monique Nuyt
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Line Leduc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - François Audibert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William D Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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Motamed S, Nikooyeh B, Kashanian M, Chamani M, Hollis BW, Neyestani TR. Evaluation of the efficacy of two doses of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic, lipidemic and oxidative stress biomarkers during pregnancy: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:619. [PMID: 33054794 PMCID: PMC7556979 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is common and is likely to be associated with metabolic complications in the mother. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of two doses of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and cord blood vitamin D status and metabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers. METHODS The eligible pregnant women (n = 84) invited to participate in the study and randomly allocated to one of the two supplementation groups (1000 IU/d vitamin D and 2000 IU/d). Biochemical assessments of mothers including serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphate, iPTH, fasting serum sugar (FBS), insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were done at the beginning and 34 weeks of gestation. Cord blood serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, iPTH, MDA and TAC were assessed at delivery as well. To determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic markers 1-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Between groups comparisons was done by using Independent-samples Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS Supplementation with 1000 IU/d and 2000 IU/d vitamin D resulted in significant changes in vitamin D status over pregnancy (24.01 ± 21.7, P < 0.001 in 1000 IU/d group and 46.7 ± 30.6 nmol/L, P < 0.001 in 2000 IU/d group). Daily intake of 2000 compared with 1000 IU/d tended to increase the serum concentration of HDL-C (10 ± 8.37, P < 0.001 in 1000 IU/d group and 9.52 ± 11.39 mg/dL, P < 0.001 in 2000 IU/d group). A significant decrement in serum concentration of iPTH observed in both groups (- 4.18 ± 7.5, P = 0.002 in 1000 IU/d group and - 8.36 ± 14.17, P = 0.002 in 2000 IU/d group). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with 2000 IU/d vitamin D as compared with 1000 IU/d, is more effective in promoting vitamin D status and HDL-C serum concentration and in decreasing iPTH over pregnancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT03308487 ). Registered 12 October 2017 'retrospectively registered'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabe Motamed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Nikooyeh
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods (Gharb), Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
| | - Maryam Kashanian
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Chamani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bruce W Hollis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Tirang R Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods (Gharb), Tehran, 1981619573, Iran.
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Mohseni H, Amani R, Hosseini SA, Ekrami A, Ahmadzadeh A, Latifi SM. Genetic Variations in VDR could Modulate the Efficacy of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers and Total Antioxidant Capacity among Breast Cancer Women: A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2065-2072. [PMID: 31350967 PMCID: PMC6745231 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.7.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low levels of vitamin D are found in a great part of breast cancer women. Study subjects using vitamin D3 supplement had lower rates of cancers and fewer markers of inflammation. Additionally, recent studies demonstrate the power of vitamin D supplementation to lower inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers associate with VDR polymorphism to reduce inflammation. This study was aimed to assess the impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on the serum concentration of inflammatory markers and antioxidant capacity with regard to VDR polymorphism in the VDR gene in breast cancer women. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 56 breast cancer women. Participants were assigned to 2 treatment arms: placebo and vitamin D3 for 2 months intervention. Supplementation group received 50,000 IU of vitamin weekly. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after the intervention to measure the 25(OH) D3, TNF-α, TGF- β and TAC. Genotyping was performed for FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphism. Results: After eight weeks supplementation, the intervention group showed a significant increase in the serum concentration of 25(OH) D3 (28±2.6 to 39±3.5; p=0.004 and TAC (48.9±13.3 to 63.5±13.3; p= 0.017). Changes in TNF-α, TGF- β1 were not significant. Serum TAC levels of participants with the TT/Tt, Ff genotypes were more responsive to supplementation. Conclusions: Supplementation with a vitamin D3 increased the TAC in breast cancer women, although it had no effect on inflammatory markers. Serum TAC in the TT/Tt, Ff were more responsive to vitamin D supplement compared with those with the FF/ff and tt genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houra Mohseni
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. ,Food Security Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ekrami
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Latifi
- Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Cankaya C, Cumurcu T, Gunduz A. Corneal endothelial changes in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Indian J Ophthalmol 2018; 66:1256-1261. [PMID: 30127135 PMCID: PMC6113815 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_238_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on corneal endothelial layer using specular microscopy. Methods: Fifty-eight eyes of 58 patients whose vitamin D level was below 15 ng/ml and who had no ocular pathology were included in the study (Group 1). Forty eyes of 40 age-and sex-matched subjects were enrolled as control group (Group 2). Corneal endothelial cell density (CD), coefficient of variation (CV), hexagonal cell ratio (HEX), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using specular microscopy (Konan Medical Inc., Nishinomiya, Japan). The obtained data were compared between the groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender (P = 0.344, P = 0.399, respectively). The mean CD value was 2772.79 ± 202.21 cells/mm2 in Group 1 and 2954.97 ± 116.89 cells/mm2 in Group 2 (P = 0.001). The mean CV value was 30.31 ± 3.65 in Group 1 and 28.20 ± 2.71 in Group 2 (P = 0.003). The mean HEX value was 46.56 ± 6.32 in Group 1 and 51.07 ± 5.28 in Group 2 (P = 0.001). The mean CCT value was 555.87 ± 36.90 μ in group 1 and 549.0 ± 37.39 μ in Group 2 (P = 0.96). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may affect the corneal endothelial layer. Patients with vitamin D deficiency should be evaluated for endothelial parameters in particular before an intraocular surgery. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Cankaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Tongabay Cumurcu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Abuzer Gunduz
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Vitamin D deficiency, oxidative stress and antioxidant status: only weak association seen in the absence of advanced age, obesity or pre-existing disease. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:11-16. [PMID: 28758603 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451700188x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D)70 % of participants were vitamin D deficient. No significant correlations and no biomarker differences across 25(OH)D quartiles or groups were seen except for total antioxidant status. A weak direct association (r 0·252, P<0·05) was observed between 25(OH)D and FRAP, and those in the lowest 25(OH)D quartile and group had significantly lower FRAP values. Results did not reveal a clear link between vitamin D status and oxidative stress biomarkers in the absence of advanced age, obesity and disease, though some evidence of depleted antioxidant status in those with vitamin D deficiency was seen. Poor antioxidant status may pre-date increased oxidative stress. Study of effects of correction of deficiency on antioxidant status and oxidative stress in vitamin D-deficient but otherwise healthy subjects is needed.
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Wang EW, Collins AR, Pang MYC, Siu PPM, Lai CKY, Woo J, Benzie IFF. Vitamin D and oxidation-induced DNA damage: is there a connection? Mutagenesis 2016; 31:655-659. [PMID: 27401996 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation-induced damage to DNA can cause mutations, phenotypic changes and apoptosis. Agents that oppose such damage offer potential therapies for disease prevention. Vitamin D administration reportedly lowered DNA damage in type 2 diabetic mice, and higher DNA damage was reported in mononuclear cells of severely asthmatic patients who were vitamin D deficient. We hypothesised that lower vitamin D status associates with higher oxidation-induced DNA damage. Vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l) is highly prevalent worldwide, and association with DNA damage has high potential importance and impact in regard to the future health of vitamin D deficient young adults. In this study, oxidation-induced DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of 121 young (18-26 years) adults was measured using the formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG)-assisted comet assay. Plasma 25(OH)D was measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Correlational analysis was performed between 25(OH)D and DNA damage. Differences in DNA damage across tertiles of 25(OH)D were explored using analysis of variance. DNA damage in those with 25(OH)D <50 nmol and ≥50 nmol/l was compared using the unpaired t-test. Mean (SD) DNA damage (as %DNA in comet tail) and plasma 25(OH)D were, respectively, 18.58 (3.39)% and 44.7 (13.03) nmol/l. Most (82/121; 68%) of the subjects were deficient in vitamin D (25(OH)D <50nmol/l). No significant correlation was seen between 25(OH)D and DNA damage (r = -0.0824; P > 0.05). No significant difference was seen across 25(OH)D tertiles: mean (SD) %DNA in comet tail/25(OH)D nmol/l values in lowest, middle and highest tertiles were, respectively, 18.64 (3.30)/31.6 (4.4), 18.90 (3.98)/42.9 (3.5), 18.19 (2.84)/59.9 (8.5), nor across the binary divide: 18.73 (3.63)% in <50nmol/l group vs. 18.27 (2.84)% in the ≥50 nmol/l group. No association between vitamin D and oxidation-induced DNA damage was observed, but vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in the young adults studied, and we cannot rule out an ameliorative effect of correction of vitamin D deficiency on DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew R Collins
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Oslo, PO Box 1072, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Claudia K Y Lai
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Yuk Choi Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong and
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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Kell DB, Kenny LC. A Dormant Microbial Component in the Development of Preeclampsia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2016; 3:60. [PMID: 27965958 PMCID: PMC5126693 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2016.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex, multisystem disorder that remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. Four main classes of dysregulation accompany PE and are widely considered to contribute to its severity. These are abnormal trophoblast invasion of the placenta, anti-angiogenic responses, oxidative stress, and inflammation. What is lacking, however, is an explanation of how these themselves are caused. We here develop the unifying idea, and the considerable evidence for it, that the originating cause of PE (and of the four classes of dysregulation) is, in fact, microbial infection, that most such microbes are dormant and hence resist detection by conventional (replication-dependent) microbiology, and that by occasional resuscitation and growth it is they that are responsible for all the observable sequelae, including the continuing, chronic inflammation. In particular, bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, are well known as highly inflammagenic and stimulate an innate (and possibly trained) immune response that exacerbates the inflammation further. The known need of microbes for free iron can explain the iron dysregulation that accompanies PE. We describe the main routes of infection (gut, oral, and urinary tract infection) and the regularly observed presence of microbes in placental and other tissues in PE. Every known proteomic biomarker of "preeclampsia" that we assessed has, in fact, also been shown to be raised in response to infection. An infectious component to PE fulfills the Bradford Hill criteria for ascribing a disease to an environmental cause and suggests a number of treatments, some of which have, in fact, been shown to be successful. PE was classically referred to as endotoxemia or toxemia of pregnancy, and it is ironic that it seems that LPS and other microbial endotoxins really are involved. Overall, the recognition of an infectious component in the etiology of PE mirrors that for ulcers and other diseases that were previously considered to lack one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- *Correspondence: Douglas B. Kell,
| | - Louise C. Kenny
- The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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