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Li FZ, Fang S. Adipophilin: roles in physiology and pathology. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:98-102. [PMID: 36600632 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipophilin (ADRP/ADPH/PLIN2), an adipocyte differentiation-related protein, is highly expressed at a very early time during the differentiation of adipocytes. It assists in the formation and maintenance of intracellular lipid droplets and plays a role in regulating the physiological functions of the body. More and more studies indicate that it is involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of glycolipid metabolic diseases and tumours. In this review, we comprehensively stated the expression and functions of adipophilin and introduced its roles in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Zeng Li
- Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Hirano A, Yao K, Ishihara H, Hisabe T, Imamura K, Kanemitsu T, Ohtsu K, Hasegawa R, Ikezono G, Takeda K, Miyaoka M, Ueki T, Tanabe H, Haraoka S, Iwashita A. Nature of a white opaque substance visualized by magnifying endoscopy in colorectal hyperplastic polyps. Endosc Int Open 2021; 9:E1077-E1083. [PMID: 34222633 PMCID: PMC8211482 DOI: 10.1055/a-1452-9669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims A white opaque substance (WOS) has been observed in the epithelia of gastric, duodenal, and colorectal epithelial adenomas and carcinomas, using magnifying endoscopy (ME). The WOS has been reported to be derived from a dense accumulation of minute lipid droplets in the epithelium. This study aimed to investigate whether the WOS in colorectal hyperplastic polyps was derived from lipid droplets accumulated in the epithelium, as observed in the case of gastric, duodenal, and colorectal epithelial neoplasms. Patients and methods We analyzed 30 consecutive patients who were positive for the WOS, as visualized in colorectal hyperplastic polyps by ME with narrow-band imaging and 30 consecutive patients who were negative for the WOS. Biopsy specimens obtained from the polyps were immunostained with anti-adipophilin antibody to determine the correlation between the presence of the WOS and that of lipid droplets in the epithelium. Results In all patients, the epithelial cells were histologically positive for adipophilin. However, the area of adipophilin-positive epithelial cells in the WOS-positive group was significantly larger than that in the WOS-negative group ( P < 0.001). The density of the WOS was strongly and positively correlated with the area of adipophilin-positive cells. Conclusions This study reveals that the WOS visualized in the superficial layers of colorectal hyperplastic polyps is produced by a dense accumulation of minute lipid droplets in the epithelia of the polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akikazu Hirano
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenshi Yao
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishihara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hisabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Kanemitsu
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kensei Ohtsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rino Hasegawa
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Go Ikezono
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takeda
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Miyaoka
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ueki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanabe
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Haraoka
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akinori Iwashita
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yamasaki K, Hisabe T, Yao K, Ishihara H, Imamura K, Yasaka T, Tanabe H, Iwashita A, Ueki T. White Opaque Substance, a New Optical Marker on Magnifying Endoscopy: Usefulness in Diagnosing Colorectal Epithelial Neoplasms. Clin Endosc 2021; 54:570-577. [PMID: 33434962 PMCID: PMC8357577 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2020.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims A white substance that is opaque to endoscopic light is sometimes observed in the epithelium during narrowband imaging with magnifying endoscopy of gastric or colorectal epithelial neoplasms. This prospective observational study aimed to determine whether the morphology of the white opaque substance (WOS) allows differential diagnosis between colorectal adenoma and carcinoma.
Methods A consecutive series of patients with colorectal adenomas or early carcinomas who underwent endoscopic resection or surgical excision were studied. The morphology of the WOS was determined based on endoscopic images before the histopathological diagnosis was performed. The primary outcome was the diagnostic performance of an irregular WOS as a marker of colorectal carcinoma.
Results The study analyzed 125 lesions. A total of 33 lesions showed an irregular WOS, and 92 lesions showed a regular WOS. Among the 33 lesions found to show an irregular WOS, 30 were carcinomas. Among the 92 lesions showing a regular WOS, 79 were adenomas. With irregular WOS as a marker of carcinoma, the diagnostic accuracy was 87%, sensitivity was 91%, and specificity was 86%.
Conclusions This study demonstrated the potential usefulness of the morphology of the WOS as a marker for the differential diagnosis between adenoma and carcinoma in cases of colorectal epithelial neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutomo Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hisabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenshi Yao
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishihara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuhisa Yasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanabe
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akinori Iwashita
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ueki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Cruz ALS, Barreto EDA, Fazolini NPB, Viola JPB, Bozza PT. Lipid droplets: platforms with multiple functions in cancer hallmarks. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:105. [PMID: 32029741 PMCID: PMC7005265 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (also known as lipid bodies) are lipid-rich, cytoplasmic organelles that play important roles in cell signaling, lipid metabolism, membrane trafficking, and the production of inflammatory mediators. Lipid droplet biogenesis is a regulated process, and accumulation of these organelles within leukocytes, epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and other nonadipocyte cells is a frequently observed phenotype in several physiologic or pathogenic situations and is thoroughly described during inflammatory conditions. Moreover, in recent years, several studies have described an increase in intracellular lipid accumulation in different neoplastic processes, although it is not clear whether lipid droplet accumulation is directly involved in the establishment of these different types of malignancies. This review discusses current evidence related to the biogenesis, composition and functions of lipid droplets related to the hallmarks of cancer: inflammation, cell metabolism, increased proliferation, escape from cell death, and hypoxia. Moreover, the potential of lipid droplets as markers of disease and targets for novel anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic therapies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L S Cruz
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, Brazil
| | - Ester de A Barreto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Narayana P B Fazolini
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João P B Viola
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Kawasaki K, Eizuka M, Nakamura S, Endo M, Yanai S, Akasaka R, Toya Y, Fujita Y, Uesugi N, Ishida K, Sugai T, Matsumoto T. Association between white opaque substance under magnifying colonoscopy and lipid droplets in colorectal epithelial neoplasms. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8367-8375. [PMID: 29307996 PMCID: PMC5743507 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i47.8367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the association between white opaque substance (WOS) and histologically verified lipid droplets in colorectal epithelial neoplasms.
METHODS We reviewed colonoscopy records at our institution from 2014 to 2016 and identified cases of endoscopically or surgically resected colorectal epithelial neoplasms observed by magnifying narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) colonoscopy. Immunohistochemistry was used to stain tumors with a monoclonal antibody specific to adipophilin as a marker of lipids. The expression and distribution of adipophilin were compared between WOS-positive and WOS-negative lesions and among tumors classified by histologic type and depth of invasion.
RESULTS Under M-NBI colonoscopy, 81 lesions were positive for WOS and 48 lesions were negative for WOS. The rate of adipophilin expression was significantly higher in WOS-positive lesions (95.1%) than in WOS-negative lesions (68.7%) (P = 0.0001). The incidence of deep adipophilin expression was higher in WOS-positive lesions (24.7%) than in WOS-negative lesions (4.2%) (P = 0.001). The incidence of deep expression was predominant among cancers with massive submucosal invasion (62.5%) compared to adenoma (7.2%) and high-grade dysplasia or cancers with slight submucosal invasion (12.7%) (P = 0.0001).
CONCLUSION The distribution of lipid droplets may be closely associated with the visibility of WOS under M-NBI colonoscopy, and with histologic grade and depth of tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kawasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Makoto Eizuka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Shotaro Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Masaki Endo
- Kaiunbashi Endoscopy Clinic, Morioka 020-0022, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yanai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Risaburo Akasaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Yosuke Toya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Yasuko Fujita
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Uesugi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
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Imamura K, Yao K, Hisabe T, Nambu M, Ohtsu K, Ueo T, Yano S, Ishihara H, Nagahama T, Kanemitsu T, Yamasaki K, Matsui T, Tanabe H, Iwashita A, Daa T, Yokoyama S, Matsunaga K, Enjoji M. The nature of the white opaque substance within colorectal neoplastic epithelium as visualized by magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging. Endosc Int Open 2016; 4:E1151-E1157. [PMID: 27853741 PMCID: PMC5110341 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-116487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims: We previously reported our discovery of a white opaque substance (WOS) that is opaque to endoscopic light inside the epithelium while using magnifying endoscopy (ME) to examine gastric epithelial neoplasia. Histopathologic analysis revealed that the WOS comprises minute lipid droplets (LDs) accumulated within the neoplastic epithelium. In addition, the WOS was found in colorectal epithelial neoplasia, although it was unclear whether this WOS corresponded to an accumulation of LDs, as in the stomach. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to elucidate whether the WOS observed in colorectal epithelial tumors comprises LDs. Patients and methods: A consecutive series of 40 WOS-positive and 40 WOS-negative colorectal epithelial tumors was analyzed. One biopsy specimen was taken from each neoplasm. Cryostat sections were stained with oil red O for LD, and sections after formalin-fixation for LD were immunostained with anti-adipophilin antibody. Results: The prevalence of LDs stained with oil red O in WOS-positive vs. WOS-negative lesions was 47.5 % (19/40) vs. 5 % (2/40), respectively (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the WOS coincided with the expression of adipophilin; the prevalence of LDs stained by anti-adipophilin antibody in WOS-positive vs. WOS-negative lesions was 100 % (40/40) vs. 62.5 % (25/40), respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study elucidated for the first time that endoscopically visualized WOS in colorectal epithelial neoplasia may be composed of LDs accumulated in the neoplastic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Imamura
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka, University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenshi Yao
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan,Corresponding author Kenshi Yao, MD, PhD Department of EndoscopyFukuoka University Chikushi HospitalZokumyoinChikushino City, Fukuoka 818-8502Japan+81-(0) 92-929-2630
| | - Takashi Hisabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masami Nambu
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka, University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kensei Ohtsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ueo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oita Red Cross Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Shinji Yano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Jpaan
| | - Hiroshi Ishihara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagahama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Kanemitsu
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazutomo Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanabe
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka, University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akinori Iwashita
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka, University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Daa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Jpaan
| | - Shigeo Yokoyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Jpaan
| | | | - Munechika Enjoji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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