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Xu H, Chen Y, Zhao C, Wang Q, Tang M, Zhang W, Wang Q, Lou R, Liu T, Feng Y, Zhang H. Bethesda system reporting rates, histological follow-up and HPV genotypes distribution of abnormal cytology in Anhui province of China: Analysis of 93,168 cervical liquid-based cytology test reports. Diagn Cytopathol 2023. [PMID: 37114437 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the Bethesda System reporting rates, histological follow-up, and HPV genotypes distribution of abnormal cytology in Anhui province of China. METHODS According to the Bethesda Reporting System of Cervical Cytology (2014), a retrospective analysis of the cervical liquid-based cytology (LBC) results, abnormal cytology with concurrent HPV genotype testing, and immediate histological follow-up. HPV genotype testing was performed for 15 High-risk types and 6 Low-risk types. Immediate histological correlation results within 6 months after the LBC and HPV results. RESULTS 6.70% of women with abnormal LBC results, and ASC/SIL was 1.42. The severe histological results in abnormal cytology were ASC-US (18.58%), ASC-H (53.76%), LSIL (16.62%), HSIL (82.07%), SCC/ACa (100.00%), AGC (63.77%). The total HPV-positive rate in abnormal cytology was 70.29%, of which ASC-US, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL, SCC/ACa, and AGC were 60.78%, 80.83%, 83.05%, 84.93%, 84.51%, 33.33%. The top three detected genotypes were HR HPV 16, 52, and 58. The most commonly detected genotype in HSIL and SCC/ACa was HPV 16. Of the 91 AGC patients, 34.78% were cervical lesions, and 42.03% were endometrial lesions. The HPV-positive rate in the group of AGC-FN was highest and lowest in the group of AGC-EM. CONCLUSION The Bethesda System reporting rates of cervical cytology were all within the benchmark range of the CAP laboratory. HPV 16, 52, and 58 were the most common genotypes in our population, and HPV 16 infection has a higher degree of malignancy of cervical lesions. Among patients with ASC-US results, HPV positive patients had a higher rate of biopsy-detected CIN2+ than HPV negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Xu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Province Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Province Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Caixia Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Province Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Province Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Man Tang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Province Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weiqin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Province Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Province Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Lou
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Province Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Province Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Province Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Province Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Li B, Dong L, Wang C, Li J, Zhao X, Dong M, Li H, Ma X, Dong Y, Wu M, Yan Y, Fan A, Xue F. Analysis of the related factors of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) in cervical cytology of post-menopausal women. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1123260. [PMID: 36875525 PMCID: PMC9978476 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1123260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atrophy of the reproductive tract mucosa caused by the decrease of estrogen may increase the detection rate of ASC-US in cervical cytology of post-menopausal women. In addition, other pathogenic infections and inflammation can change the cellular morphology and increase the detection rate of ASC-US. However, further studies are needed to elucidate whether the high detection rate of ASC-US in post-menopausal women leads to the high referral rate of colposcopy. Methods This retrospective study was conducted to document ASC-US in cervical cytology reports at the Department of Cytology at Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital between January 2006 and February 2021. We then analyzed 2,462 reports of women with ASC-US at the Cervical Lesions Department. A total of 499 patients with ASC-US and 151 cytology with NILM participants underwent vaginal microecology tests. Results The average reporting rate of ASC-US in cytology was 5.7%. The detection rate of ASC-US in women aged > 50 years (7.0%) was significantly higher than that in women aged ≤50 years (5.0%) (P<0.05). The CIN2+ detection rate was significantly lower in the post- (12.6%) than in pre-menopausal (20.5%) patients with ASC-US (P <0.05). The prevalence of abnormal reporting rate of vaginal microecology was significantly lower in the pre-menopausal group (56.2%) than that in the post-menopausal group (82.9%) (P<0.05). The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) (19.60%) was relatively high in the pre-menopausal group, but the abundance of bacteria-inhibiting flora (40.79%) was mainly an abnormality in the post-menopausal group. The vaginal microecological abnormality rate of the women with HR-HPV (-) of ASC-US was 66.22%, which was significantly higher than that of the HR-HPV (-) and the NILM group (52.32%; P<0.05). Discussion The detection rate of ASC-US in women aged > 50 years was higher than that ≤50 years, but the detection rate of CIN2+ was lower in the post-menopausal women with ASC-US. However, vaginal microecological abnormalities may increase the false-positive diagnosis rate of ASC-US. The vaginal microecological abnormalities of the menopausal women with ASC-US are mainly attributed to infectious diseases such as BV, and it mainly occurs in the post-menopausal women was bacteria-inhibiting flora. Therefore, to avoid the high referral rate for colposcopy, more attention should be paid to the detection of vaginal microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lichang Dong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengting Dong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanrong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotong Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yalan Dong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Yan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiping Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenic, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Zheng Y, Xie L, Xu S, Yan W, Zhang H, Meng Y, Liu J, Wei X. Effects of miR-202-5p silencing PIK3CA gene expression on proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cervical cancer SiHa cells through inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway activation. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4031-4044. [PMID: 34244973 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of miR-202-5p targeting the expression of PIK3CA and mediating the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway on the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cervical cancer. The objects of study were 105 cases of cervical cancer and their corresponding normal tissues. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-202-5p and PIK3CA in adjacent normal tissue and cervical cancer tissue. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-202-5p and PIK3CA gene. Human cervical cancer cell lines HPV-16E6, SiHa, HeLa, and CaSki were purchased for our cell experiments. The expression levels of PIK3CA in the cells were detected by qRT-PCR. The cell line with higher expression levels was selected to complete the follow-up experiment. The cultured cells were transfected and divided into the miR-202-5p mimic NC group, miR-202-5p mimic group, miR-202-5p inhibitor NC group, miR-202-5p inhibitor group, siRNA-PIK3CA NC group, siRNA-PIK3CA group, miR-202-5p inhibitor NC + siRNA-PIK3CA NC group, miR-202-5p inhibitor + siRNA-PIK3CA NC group, and miR-202-5p inhibitor + siRNA-PIK3CA group. QRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-202-5p. Western blot and qRT-PCR were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of related pathway proteins (PIK3CA, PI3K, PTEN, p-Akt1, and p-mTOR) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related factors (N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and vimentin). Cell proliferation was detected by plate colony formation assay. Transwell assay was used to detect the invasion ability of each group. When compared with the adjacent tissues, PIK3CA mRNA expression level was significantly increased and miR-202-5p expression level was significantly decreased in cervical cancer tissues (all P < 0.05). PIK3CA was a target gene of miR-202-5p. The mRNA expression level of PIK3CA in SiHa cervical cancer cells was significantly higher than that in CaSki, HeLa, and HPV-16E6 cells (all P < 0.05), and SiHa cervical cancer cells were selected to complete the follow-up experiments. When compared with the corresponding NC group, the expression of miR-202-5p in miR-202-5p mimic group was increased. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin and PTEN in miR-202-5p mimic and siRNA-PIK3CA groups were increased, and the protein expression of p-Akt1 and p-mTOR was decreased, and also, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PIK3CA, PI3K, N-cadherin, and vimentin were decreased (all P < 0.05); in miR-202-5p inhibitor group, the expression levels of miR-202-5p, E-cadherin, and PTEN decreased, the protein expression of p-Akt1 and p-mTOR increased, and the mRNA and protein expression of PIK3CA, PI3K, N-cadherin, and vimentin increased in miR-202-5p inhibitor group (all P < 0.05); in miR-202-5p inhibitor + siRNA-PIK3CA group, the expression of miR-202-5p decreased (P < 0.05), but the mRNA and protein expression of PIK3CA, PI3K, p-Akt1, p-mTOR, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and vimentin had no significant changes (all P > 0.05). When compared with the corresponding NC group, the number of cell clones in miR-202-5p mimic group and siRNA-PIK3CA group was decreased, and the invasion ability of miR-202-5p inhibitor group was increased, and the invasion ability was enhanced (all P < 0.05); miR-202-5p inhibitor + siRNA-PIK3CA group showed no significant change in the number of cell clones and the rate of invasion (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the overexpression of miR-202-5p can suppress PIK3CA gene expression and the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to suppress the proliferation, invasion, and EMT of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Yan
- Training & Research Support Center, Shijiazhuang Camps of the Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhen Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Meng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqiao Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xujing Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
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de Oliveira ACA, Domingues MF, Neufeld PM, Fleury M, Nogueira Neto JF. Comparison between Conventional Cytology and Liquid-Based Cytology in the Tertiary Brazilian Navy Hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Acta Cytol 2020; 64:539-546. [PMID: 32516778 DOI: 10.1159/000508018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer screening is an important tool in public health. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) has been performed at the studied hospital for 7 years. The present study compares the performance of 2 LBC techniques with conventional cytology. OBJECTIVE Our objective is to verify the sensitivity for the detection of neoplastic and preneoplastic epithelial atypia, as well as the positive predictive value of the 3 methodologies. METHODS We analyzed retrospectively 24,529 cases and evaluated the conventional cytology, ThinPrep®, and BD SurePath® performance categorizing the results according to the Bethesda system. We also compared the level of unsatisfactory samples, the presence of elements from the squamocolumnar junction, and the detection of pathogenic microorganisms. RESULTS ThinPrep® (1.43%) showed superior sensitivity over BD SurePath® (0.91%) and conventional cytology (0.71%) in terms of the detection of high-grade lesions; however, in terms of squamous atypia as a whole (ASC-US+), BD SurePath® (6.44%) proved to be more sensitive than conventional cytology (5.28%) and ThinPrep® (3.73%). CONCLUSIONS The results show the advantage of implementing LBC in routine screening for cervical lesions. In this study, BD SurePath® achieved the overall best performance considering the studied variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Carlos Almeida de Oliveira
- Laboratory Medicine and Forensic Technology, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
- Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Pathology Service, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
| | | | - Paulo Murilo Neufeld
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fleury
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Firmino Nogueira Neto
- Lipids Laboratory-LabLip, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wang Z, Wang T, Yang J, Wang W, Zhang L, Su X, Wang Z, Zhang H, Song J, Lv W, Wang J, Wang C, Zhao C, Hao M. Diagnostic Yield and Performance of a Large Population-Based Cervical Cancer Screening Program in High-Risk Rural China. J Cancer 2020; 11:4000-4006. [PMID: 32328203 PMCID: PMC7171492 DOI: 10.7150/jca.41472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cervical cancer screening by liquid-based cytology alone or with adjunctive HPV testing are available worldwide. However, little if any information is available about cervical cancer diagnostic yield of population-based cervical cancer screening in China. In response to it, we conducted a large prospective study on 40,000 women cervical cancer screening within six-month period in rural Shanxi Province, where has been reported as the highest cervical cancer rates in China. A standard cross-sectional survey by self-completed questionnaire was collected and followed by the liquid-based cytology screening. Follow-up biopsy with the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or higher lesion (CIN2+) were analyzed. Of initial 40,000 women participating in this study, 6.76% (2702/40,000) women had ASC-US or higher cytology screening results with ASC/SIL ratio at 6.14 (2381:388). Among them, 1.96% (782/40,000) women were found CIN lesions (95% CI, 1.68-2.23%) on confirmatory biopsies, including 0.55% (218/40,000) CIN2+ and 19 SCCa (47.5/100,000, 95% CI, 29-74/100,000). Women in Yangqu County had lower ASC/SIL ratio, but higher CIN2+ detection rate in comparison with that of Jiexiu County (6.69 vs. 8.84 and 56.7% vs. 43.9%), which reflects the cervical cancer distribution in different populations and regions. Analysis in age-stratified cytology results indicated women aged 60-65 years had the highest incidence of cytologic abnormality among all the age group; likewise, women aged >50 years were at higher risk in developing cervical high grade dysplasia or cancer than women aged <50 years (0.82% vs. 0.49%). This large-scale cervical cancer screening study provided important references as the instructive for establishing the nation-wide cervical cancer screening strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tiannan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. 300 Halket St, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinghui Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of InnerMongolia Medical University, Huhhot, China
| | - Weiguo Lv
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chengquan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. 300 Halket St, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Min Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Tao X, Austin RM, Kong L, Sun Q, Lv Q, Xu H, Meng G, Huang X, Hao M, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Xu S, Shi Q, Zhou Q, Guo L, Zeng S, Wang Y, Zhou J, Nie X, Tian L, Shen D, Lei Z, Liu Y, Mei J, Wong KW, Cheung AAY, Li J, Zhu M, Zhao C. Nationwide survey of cervical cytology laboratory practices in China. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2019; 8:250-257. [PMID: 31543224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer rates in China remain high, with only limited opportunistic screening in urban centers and large mostly unscreened rural areas. Cervical cytology practices in China have been changing over the last decade with introduction of The Bethesda System reporting terminology, liquid-based cytology (LBC), and programs for cervical cytology screening of underserved rural populations. An effort was undertaken for the first time to collect nationwide data on cervical cytology laboratory practices in China, a possible first step toward increased standardization and potential development of nationwide cytology quality benchmarks. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on cervical cytology practices from 1572 laboratories operating in 26 nationwide Provisional Level Administrative Divisions was collected in an online survey approved through the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai. RESULTS Over 90% of cervical cytology laboratories in China now solely use Bethesda System reporting terminology. LBC is now the most commonly utilized form of cervical cytology, with lower-cost Chinese-manufactured LBC formulations used in almost 70% of laboratories. Nationwide, significantly higher abnormal cytology rates were reported with LBC than with the conventional Papanicolaou smear (CPS); however, the CPS remains a useful low-cost alternative as China strives to extend cervical screening to large underserved rural areas. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal cytology rates were not significantly different when different levels of hospitals were compared. The survey identified nationwide opportunities for cytology quality improvement, including low rates of reporting of unsatisfactory cases and low rates for atypical glandular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tao
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - R Marshall Austin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lingfei Kong
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qinjie Lv
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haimiao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianghua Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Min Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liantang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sun University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Horqin Right Front Banner People's Hospital, Ulanhot, China
| | - Shuxia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingfang Shi
- Department of Pathology, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Linchuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sien Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinjiang Military District General Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiu Nie
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixiang Tian
- Department of Pathology, Changchun Gynecological and Obstetric Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Danhua Shen
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Lei
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhong Mei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kam Weng Wong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário, Macau SAR, China
| | - Annie A Y Cheung
- Department of Pathology, HKU Cervical Cytology Laboratory and HKU-Shenzhen Hospital Cytology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pathology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Minghua Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengquan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Austin RM, Onisko A, Zhao C. Enhanced Detection of Cervical Cancer and Precancer Through Use of Imaged Liquid-Based Cytology in Routine Cytology and HPV Cotesting. Am J Clin Pathol 2018; 150:385-392. [PMID: 30137189 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cervical screening strives to prevent cervical cancer (CxCa), minimizing morbidity and mortality. Most large US reports on cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) cotesting of women aged 30 years and older are from one laboratory, which used conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) smears from 2003 to 2009. METHODS We quantified detection of CxCa and precancer (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3/adenocarcinoma in situ [CIN3/AIS]) in 300,800 cotests at Magee Womens Hospital since 2005. Screening histories preceding CxCa and CIN3/AIS diagnoses were examined to assess the contribution of cytology and HPV testing. Cotesting utilized Food and Drug Administration-approved imaged liquid-based cytology (LBC) and from-the-vial HPV tests. RESULTS LBC identified more women subsequently diagnosed with CxCa and CIN3/AIS than HPV testing. HPV-negative/cytology-positive results preceded 13.1% of CxCa and 7.2% of CIN3/AIS diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS LBC enhanced cotesting detection of CxCa and CIN3/AIS to a greater extent than previously reported with conventional Pap smear and HPV cotesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marshall Austin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Agnieszka Onisko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Chengquan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Xie F, Li Z, Zhang L, Zhang H, Qi D, Zhao D, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhao C. Systemic cervical cytology training and quality control programs can improve the interpretation of Papanicolaou tests. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2018; 8:27-33. [PMID: 30929756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is no national cervical screening program or national standards for cervical cytology quality control in China. Since 2013, systematic training and quality control programs were implemented in the Papanicolaou testing process at Jinan KingMed Diagnostics. Pathologists were required to complete 1 year of cytology study in the KingMed Diagnostics Cytology School, including 6 months of a diagnostic course and 6 months of practical training in the clinical laboratory. In this study, we compared the Papanicolaou abnormal reporting rates before and after the implementation systematic training and quality control programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Systematic cytology training and quality control (QC) programs were implemented in 2013. Results from 997,162 cases of liquid-based cytology (LBC) and 100,066 cases of conventional Papanicolaou smears (CPS) rendered between 2008 and 2015 at Jinan KingMed Diagnostics were collected and analyzed. RESULTS After implementation of training and programs, the abnormal reporting rates of atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASC-US), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), atypical squamous cells cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H), atypical glandular cells (AGC), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in LBC were significantly increased. Similar trends were also observed in CPS reporting, except for ASC-H, squamous cell carcinoma, and AGC, probably due to the small percentages of these categories. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates the importance of the formal cytology training and QC programs to ensure standardized and effective cervical cancer screening in undeveloped countries, which account for the largest percentage of the world's annual incidence of cervical cancer and with a largely unscreened population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Liran Zhang
- Jinan KingMed Diagnostics, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huina Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Debo Qi
- Jinan KingMed Diagnostics, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongman Zhao
- Jinan KingMed Diagnostics, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Jinan KingMed Diagnostics, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinguo Wang
- Jinan KingMed Diagnostics, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengquan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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9
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Tao X, Austin RM, Zhang H, Zhang L, Xiao J, Zhou X, Wang L, Zhao C. Histopathologic follow-up and HPV test results with HSIL Papanicolaou test results in China's largest academic women's hospital. Cancer Cytopathol 2017; 125:947-953. [PMID: 28885778 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tao
- Department of Pathology; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - R. Marshall Austin
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathology; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Jianan Xiao
- Department of Pathology; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Department of Pathology; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Chengquan Zhao
- Department of Pathology; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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Wang Z, Wang J, Fan J, Zhao W, Yang X, Wu L, Li D, Ding L, Wang W, Xu J, Stram M, Zhao C, Hao M. Risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer in Chinese women: large study in Jiexiu, Shanxi Province, China. J Cancer 2017; 8:924-932. [PMID: 28529603 PMCID: PMC5436243 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Jiexiu, Shanxi Province, China. Twenty thousand eligible married women (age: 18-65 years) were administered with a questionnaire on potential risk factors for CIN and underwent liquid based Pap test. All women with abnormal cytological results underwent colposcopy with biopsy. Based on the biopsy pathology results, women were then assigned to either study group (with CIN) or control group (negative for histological results and volunteered to participate in the follow up study). The women in both study group and control group underwent vaginal microflora detection and dietary survey. The potential risk factors were analyzed by using ordinal logistic regression. Among the 20,000 women ne 1,438 women (7.19%) had cytologic abnormalities and 410 (2.05%) women were diagnosed histologically with CIN lesions, including 317 (1.58%) with CIN1, 93 (0.50%) with CIN2/3and 11 (55/100,000) with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The average daily dietary folate intake was significantly lower in the study group (344.61±153.07μg) than in the control group (371.50±166.58μg; P<0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age of 56-65 years, farming as the husband's occupation, unwashing the vulva after sexual intercourse, and low self-reported folate intake were positively associated with CIN development and might have contribution to the increased CIN incidence in this population. These findings may provide help to develop the strategies to reduce the risk of cervical cancer in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinrong Fan
- Jiexiu Family Planning/Women and Children Health Service Center, Jinzhong, China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lingmei Wu
- Jiexiu Family Planning/Women and Children Health Service Center, Jinzhong, China
| | - Dongyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Michelle Stram
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. 300 Halket St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Chengquan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. 300 Halket St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Min Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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