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Jeong KY, Park JW. Neglected but Clinically Relevant Allergens in Korea. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2024; 24:519-526. [PMID: 38980649 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-024-01161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergy diagnostics and immunotherapeutics in Asia heavily rely on imported products from Western countries, raising concerns about the accuracy and efficacy of these products for the management of Asian allergy patients. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advancements in allergen research have led to the identification and characterization of novel allergens from indigenous Korean species. While some allergens share homology with well-known allergens, others lack counterparts in imported allergen extracts. Classifying regional allergens in Asia into three categories based on their cross-reactivity with imported allergens offers valuable insights. Highly cross-reactive allergens, such as oak allergens Que m 1 from Quercus mongolica and Que ac 1 from Q. acutissima, can be effectively substituted with the imported allergens. Allergens with partial cross-reactivity, like the Asian needle ant allergen Pac c 3 (Antigen 5), permit limited diagnostic value by the currently available products. Unique allergens, including the Japanese hop allergen Hum j 6 (pectin methylesterase inhibitor) and the silkworm pupa allergen Bomb m 4 (30 kDa hemolymph lipoprotein) lack alternatives in the available product list. Greater attention is needed, particularly for species listed as ecologically invasive in Western regions. Additionally, allergens from domestic fruits and vegetables causing pollen food allergy syndrome require characterization for the development of improved diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Yong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Jung-Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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2
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McMurray JC, Adams KE, Wanandy T, Le A, Heddle RJ. Stinging Ant Anaphylaxis: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024:S2213-2198(24)00745-1. [PMID: 39038538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Stinging ants represent a wide range of over 200 different species across the world, of which Solenopsis, Myrmecia, Pogonomyrmex, and Brachyponera genera account for a substantial economic and healthcare burden. S. invicta (red imported fire ant [IFA]) and M. pilosula (jack jumper ant [JJA]) are 2 species of high clinical importance, known to cause anaphylaxis in humans, with numerous reported fatalities. Diagnostic testing should be performed in patients with a history of a systemic reaction with skin testing and/or in vitro specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) testing. In vitro testing is commercially available for IFA through whole-body extract specific IgE and JJA venom-specific IgE, but not widely available for other stinging ant species. Commercial venom component testing for IFA and JJA is currently not available. Patients with a clinical history and positive specific IgE testing should undergo treatment with specific immunotherapy, which is currently available for IFA and JJA. Buildup may be performed using conventional, semi-rush, rush, or ultra-rush schedules with similar risk profiles for IFA. Optimal duration for whole=body extract immunotherapy for IFA and specific JJA venom immunotherapy is not well studied, but generally recommended for at least 3 to 5 years. Sting challenges are used in research settings, primarily to assess treatment efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C McMurray
- Allergy & Immunology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Karla E Adams
- Allergy & Immunology Service, Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Troy Wanandy
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Incorporating the Jack Jumper Allergy Program, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; National Allergy Centre of Excellence (NACE), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adriana Le
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Incorporating the Jack Jumper Allergy Program, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; National Allergy Centre of Excellence (NACE), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J Heddle
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Matysiak J, Matuszewska E, Packi K, Klupczyńska-Gabryszak A. Diagnosis of Hymenoptera Venom Allergy: State of the Art, Challenges, and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2170. [PMID: 36140269 PMCID: PMC9496208 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hymenoptera venom allergy is the most common cause of anaphylaxis in adults and the second-most frequent in children. The proper diagnosis of this life-threatening allergy remains a challenge. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding diagnostics of Hymenoptera venom allergy. The paper includes a brief description of the representatives of Hymenoptera order and the composition of their venoms. Then, diagnostic tests for allergy to Hymenoptera venom are described. Common diagnostic problems, especially double positivity in tests for IgE antibodies specific to honeybee and wasp venom, are also discussed. Special attention is paid to the search for new diagnostic capabilities using modern methodologies. Multidimensional molecular analysis offers an opportunity to characterize changes in body fluids associated with Hymenoptera venom allergy and yields a unique insight into the cell status. Despite recent developments in the diagnostics of Hymenoptera venom allergy, new testing methodologies are still needed to answer questions and doubts we have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Matysiak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University-Kalisz, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
| | - Eliza Matuszewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.M.); (K.P.); (A.K.-G.)
| | - Kacper Packi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.M.); (K.P.); (A.K.-G.)
- AllerGen, Center of Personalized Medicine, 97-300 Piotrkow Trybunalski, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Klupczyńska-Gabryszak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.M.); (K.P.); (A.K.-G.)
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Jeong KY, Park JW. Allergens of Regional Importance in Korea. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:652275. [PMID: 35386990 PMCID: PMC8974691 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.652275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen repertoire should reflect the region's climate, flora, and dining culture to allow for a better diagnosis. In Korea, tree pollens of oak and birch in the spring in conjunction with weed pollens of mugwort, ragweed, and Japanese hop are the main causes of seasonal allergic rhinitis. More specifically, the sawtooth oak in Korea and the Japanese hop in East Asia make a difference from western countries. Among food allergens, the sensitization to silkworm pupa and buckwheat is also common in Korean patients. Honey bee venom due to apitherapy in traditional medicine and Asian needle ant, Pachycondyla chinensis, are important causes of anaphylaxis in Korea. Climate change, frequent overseas traveling, and international product exchanges make situations more complicated. Ragweed, for example, was not native to Korea, but invaded the country in the early 1950s. Recently, Japanese hop and Asian needle ants have been recognized as important invasive ecosystem disturbing species in western countries. However, the molecular properties of the component allergens from these unique culprit allergens have been poorly characterized. The present review summarizes the molecular studies on the allergens of regional importance in Korea.
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Demain JG. Insect Migration and Changes in Venom Allergy due to Climate Change. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2021; 41:85-95. [PMID: 33228875 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Insects are highly successful animals. They have limited ability to regulate their temperature and therefore will expand range in response to warming temperatures. Climate change and associated rising global temperature is impacting the range and distribution of stinging insects. There is evidence that many species are expanding range toward the poles, primarily in response to warming. With expanded distribution of stinging insects, increased interaction with humans is anticipated with consequently increased rates of sting-related reactions and need for intervention. This article focuses on evidence that insects are expanding their range in response to warming temperature, increasing likelihood of human interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Demain
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy Asthma & Immunology Center of Alaska, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Kim JT, Kim H, Kim SH, Kim DJ, Shin Y, Kim JD, Song H, Jang SW, Lee DC, Park KH, Lee JH, Jeong KY, Park JW. Comparison of Allergenic Properties among Commercially Available House Dust Mite Allergen Extracts in Korea. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:86-90. [PMID: 33381938 PMCID: PMC7820445 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.1.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise allergy diagnosis and effective allergen specific immunotherapy are largely dependent on the quality of allergen extract. A new extract of Dermatophagoides farinae was commercially developed by Prolagen. The allergenic properties of the new extract were compared with those of other commercial products. The allergenic properties of the new extract were compared according to protein concentration, protein profiles, major allergen (Der f 1) contents, and allergenic potency to those for three commercially available extracts imported in Korea (Jubilant HollisterStier Allergy, Lofarma S.p.A., and Stallergenes Greer). Protein concentrations varied up to 2.62-fold (0.404 to 1.057 mg/mL), and Der f 1 contents varied up to 11.3-fold (3.597 to 40.688 μg/mL). Protein profiles of the extracts showed no major discrepancies, although there were some differences in SDS-PAGE band intensities, reflecting protein concentrations. Allergen potency ranged from 37038 to 60491 PAU/mL. The Prolagen product was highest in terms of protein concentration and allergen potency. The Lofarma product displayed Der f 1 content similar to that in Prolagen (19.4 μg/mg vs. 19.3 μg/mg). Endotoxin levels varied 8.9-fold (1020 to 8985 EU/mL). The newly developed house dust mite extract showed equal or better allergenic properties than available commercial extracts. This new product may be useful for better diagnostics and allergen-specific immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tae Kim
- Prolagen, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hangyeol Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Woo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medicine Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deug Chan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Yong Jeong
- Prolagen, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jung Won Park
- Prolagen, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Hymenoptera allergy and anaphylaxis: are warmer temperatures changing the impact? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 20:438-444. [PMID: 32842036 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Climate change has brought about many changes in our ecosystem. Prolongation of pollen seasons has been reported, related to earlier frost off in the spring and later onset of frost on in the fall. This review considers recent global evidence that stinging insects are redistributing toward the poles, thereby potentially increasing human exposure and risk of sting events. RECENT FINDINGS With changing climate, particularly climate warming, range expansion of insects is occurring in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Likewise, stinging insects, such as Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, are also expanding range. Though there is scant data on associated increase of insect-related anaphylaxis, increased insect-human interaction is certain. SUMMARY It is likely that climate change will continue to alter the distribution and population of Hymenoptera and other insects. As temperatures warm and regions become suitable for nesting and establishment of colonies, many insects will expand their territory. As already reported in Alaska, one would anticipate expansion of range, especially toward the poles, thereby increasing the probability of human encounters and likewise anaphylaxis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) is a new tool aiming at detecting IgE-mediated sensitizations against individual, relevant allergens. Here, we discuss recent literature on molecular diagnosis in the field of Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) as well as CRD strengths and weaknesses. RECENT FINDINGS CRD, using single molecules or panels of allergens, may discriminate between primary sensitization and cross-reactivity in patients with double/multiple positivity in diagnostic tests with whole extracts, allowing the specialist to choose the most suitable venom for specific immunotherapy (VIT), avoiding unnecessary VIT and reducing the risk of side effects. Future availability of the cross-reactive recombinant pairs of allergens of different species may further increase the diagnostic performance. CRD may be useful in patients with negative allergy tests and a proven history of a previous systemic reaction, including those with mast cell disorders, who could benefit from VIT. In honeybee venom allergy, different sensitization profiles have been identified, which could be associated with a greater risk of VIT failure or treatment side effects. SUMMARY CRD is undoubtedly an innovative diagnostic method that leads to a more precise definition of the sensitization profile of the HVA patient. Together with a better knowledge of the molecular composition of different venom extracts, CRD may contribute to optimize patient-tailored therapy.
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Blank S, Bazon ML, Grosch J, Schmidt-Weber CB, Brochetto-Braga MR, Bilò MB, Jakob T. Antigen 5 Allergens of Hymenoptera Venoms and Their Role in Diagnosis and Therapy of Venom Allergy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020; 20:58. [PMID: 32647993 PMCID: PMC7347709 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stings of Hymenoptera of the superfamily Vespoidea such as yellow jackets, paper wasps or stinging ants are common triggers for severe and even fatal allergic reactions. Antigen 5 allergens are potent allergens in the majority of these venoms with major importance for diagnosis and therapy. Reviewed here are the characteristics of antigen 5 allergens, their role in component-resolved diagnostics as well as current limitations of the available diagnostics for proper therapeutic decisions. RECENT FINDINGS Antigens 5 are proteins of unknown function in Hymenoptera venoms with high allergenic potency. They represent key elements in component-resolved diagnosis to discriminate between honeybee and vespid venom allergy. However, due to their pronounced cross-reactivity, there are remaining diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that have to be addressed. Antigens 5 are highly relevant venom allergens of the Vespoidea superfamily. Although their use in component-resolved diagnosis facilitates dissection of cross-reactivity and primary allergy in double sensitization to honeybee and vespid venom, new diagnostic concepts are needed to discriminate between allergies to different vespid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Technical University of Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany.
| | - Murilo Luiz Bazon
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Technical University of Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Biosciences Institute, Sao Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johannes Grosch
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Technical University of Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Technical University of Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Márcia Regina Brochetto-Braga
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Biosciences Institute, Sao Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatrice Bilò
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Ancona and Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Ancona, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Thilo Jakob
- Experimental Dermatology and Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
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Cui L, Xu YY, Wang XJ, Guan K. Stinging Insect Allergens. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:142-152. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191120130209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hymenoptera venom allergy is one of the common causes of anaphylaxis. However, when physicians make the diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy, the history of being stung is not always consistent with the results of venom-specific IgE. With the development of component-resolved diagnosis, it is possible to accurately localize an allergic reaction to certain sensitized proteins. This paper reviewed the studies that have addressed the identified allergenicity and cross-reactivity of Hymenoptera venom allergens accepted by the WHO/IUIS Nomenclature Sub-committee, the componentresolved diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy and its predictive values for the efficacy and safety of venom immunotherapy. Also special attention was paid to the spread of Hymenoptera venom allergy in Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Cui
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Diseases; Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ying-Yang Xu
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Diseases; Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kai Guan
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Diseases; Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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A WAO - ARIA - GA 2LEN consensus document on molecular-based allergy diagnosis (PAMD@): Update 2020. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100091. [PMID: 32180890 PMCID: PMC7062937 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision allergy molecular diagnostic applications (PAMD@) is increasingly entering routine care. Currently, more than 130 allergenic molecules from more than 50 allergy sources are commercially available for in vitro specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) testing. Since the last publication of this consensus document, a great deal of new information has become available regarding this topic, with over 100 publications in the last year alone. It thus seems quite reasonable to publish an update. It is imperative that clinicians and immunologists specifically trained in allergology keep abreast of the new and rapidly evolving evidence available for PAMD@. PAMD@ may initially appear complex to interpret; however, with increasing experience, the information gained provides relevant information for the allergist. This is especially true for food allergy, Hymenoptera allergy, and for the selection of allergen immunotherapy. Nevertheless, all sIgE tests, including PAMD@, should be evaluated within the framework of a patient's clinical history, because allergen sensitization does not necessarily imply clinical relevant allergies.
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12
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The Use of Molecular Allergy Diagnosis in Anaphylaxis: a Literature Review. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-019-00204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sabogal P, Lozano A, Mercado D, Cantillo JF, Moncada L, Quiñones ML, Fernández-Caldas E, Caraballo L, Zakzuk J, García Gomez E. Cellular and Humoral Responses to Cte f 2, a Cat Flea Allergen, in Children with Papular Urticaria. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 179:89-101. [PMID: 30904917 DOI: 10.1159/000496743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papular urticaria (PU) is a common insect bite skin hypersensitivity in tropical countries. In order to gain insight into its causal allergens, we aimed to evaluate cellular and humoral immune responses to the recombinant salivary antigen Cte f 2 from the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis. METHOD Sixty patients with PU and 27 healthy controls were included in this study. Specific IgE, IgG, IgG1, and IgG4 against Cte f 2 and C. felis extract were determined by ELISA. The T-cell response was analyzed using a carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-based dilution assay and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine measurements. In addition, a proteomic analysis of IgG and IgE reactive spots of C. felis extract was performed. RESULTS The frequency of IgE sensitization to Cte f 2 was similar between patients (36.7%) and controls (40.7%). The specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 responses to Cte f 2 and C. felis extract were not significantly different between patients and controls. Among the 3 conditions (i.e., Cte f 2, C. felis extract, and only medium) Cte f 2 was the strongest inducer of CD3+CD4+ proliferation in the patients; however, the mean response was not significantly different from those in controls (Cte f 2: 4.5 vs. 2.5%; p = 0.46). No salivary proteins were identified in C. felis, and most of the spots were identified as muscle-skeletal components (tropomyosin, actin, myosin, and ankirin). CONCLUSIONS Cte f 2 induces IgE and IgG production as well as T-cell proliferation in children living in a geographical area where PU induced by a flea bite is common. The use of C. felis extract is not recommended for the study of bite-induced hypersensitivity disease since salivary antigens are not well represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sabogal
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Ana Lozano
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Dilia Mercado
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - José Fernando Cantillo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.,Immunotek, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ligia Moncada
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martha L Quiñones
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Josefina Zakzuk
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Elizabeth García Gomez
- Allergy Section, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia,
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dos Santos-Pinto JRA, Perez-Riverol A, Lasa AM, Palma MS. Diversity of peptidic and proteinaceous toxins from social Hymenoptera venoms. Toxicon 2018; 148:172-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Clinical consequences of toxic envenomations by Hymenoptera. Toxicon 2018; 150:96-104. [PMID: 29782951 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many familiar Hymenoptera are brightly colored and can sting painfully-thus, their threat and clinical importance may be exaggerated. Most stinging insects only sting to defend themselves or their colonies from predators. The clinical nature of Hymenoptera envenomations contrasts that of other venomous animals, including other arthropods, primarily because allergic reaction, not direct intoxication, is the usual main concern. This review focuses mainly on the clinical features of direct toxicity to Hymenoptera envenomations, which can induce a high incidence of acute renal failure, liver failure, multiple organ failures, and death. Toxic mass envenomations by honeybees usually entail many hundreds or more stings per victim. In contrast to honeybee toxic envenomations, hornet sting envenomations can be clinically threatening with only 20-200 stings needed to cause kidney and other organ failures. Many lethal envenomations by honeybees occur in rural areas in the New World and Africa and are not recorded or documented. In contrast, deaths by hornets occur mainly to Asia. The most frequent and important envenomating taxa are honeybees, hornets, yellowjacket wasps, paper wasps, fire ants, and jack jumper ants. Occasional envenomating taxa include bumblebees, bullet ants, harvester ants, solitary wasps, solitary bees, and various ants of lesser clinical importance. Envenomations by Hymenoptera usually can be avoided if one considers that bees, wasps and ants "view" us as potential threats or predators, and that with information about the biology of stinging Hymenoptera, humans can minimize adverse incidents.
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Abstract
Purpose of review Component-resolved diagnostics makes use of defined allergen molecules to analyse IgE-mediated sensitizations at a molecular level. Here, we review recent studies on the use of component-resolved diagnostics in the field of Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) and discuss its benefits and limitations. Recent findings Component resolution in HVA has moved from single molecules to panels of allergens. Detection of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to marker and cross-reactive venom allergens has been reported to facilitate the discrimination between primary sensitization and cross-reactivity and thus, to provide a better rationale for prescribing venom immunotherapy (VIT), particularly in patients sensitized to both honeybee and vespid venom. Characterization of IgE reactivity to a broad panel of venom allergens has allowed the identification of different sensitization profiles that in honeybee venom allergy were associated with increased risks for side effects or treatment failure of VIT. In contrast, component resolution so far has failed to provide reliable markers for the discrimination of sensitizations to venoms of different members of Vespidae. Summary Component-resolved diagnostics allows a better understanding of the complexity of sensitization and cross-reactivities in HVA. In addition, the enhanced resolution and precision may allow identification of biomarkers, which can be used for risk stratification in VIT. Knowledge about the molecular composition of different therapeutic preparations may enable the selection of appropriate preparations for VIT according to individual sensitization profiles, an approach consistent with the goals of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Allergy Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Yong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Allergy Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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