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Jin M, Bang JS, Ha DL, Kim JY, Park KD, Lee WJ, Lee SJ, Choi JK, Choi YA, Jang YH, Kim SH. Dermatophagoides farinae Extract Induces Interleukin 33-Mediated Atopic Skin Inflammation via Activation of RIP1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065228. [PMID: 36982304 PMCID: PMC10049056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP) family 1 signaling has complex effects on inflammatory processes and cell death, but little is known concerning allergic skin diseases. We examined the role of RIP1 in Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin inflammation. RIP1 phosphorylation was increased in HKCs treated with DFE. Nectostatin-1, a selective and potent allosteric inhibitor of RIP1, inhibited AD-like skin inflammation and the expression of histamine, total IgE, DFE-specific IgE, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in an AD-like mouse model. The expression of RIP1 was increased in ear skin tissue from a DFE-induced mouse model with AD-like skin lesions and in the lesional skin of AD patients with high house dust mite sensitization. The expression of IL-33 was down-regulated after RIP1 inhibition, and the levels of IL-33 were increased by over-expression of RIP1 in keratinocytes stimulated with DFE. Nectostatin-1 reduced IL-33 expression in vitro and in the DFE-induced mouse model. These results suggest that RIP1 can be one of the mediators that regulate IL-33-mediated atopic skin inflammation by house dust mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yanbian National University, Yanji 133002, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seon Bang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Lyong Ha
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Duck Park
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon Ju Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jong Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyeong Choi
- Department of Immunology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ae Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.H.J.); (S.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-53-200-5838 (Y.H.J.); +82-53-420-4838 (S.-H.K.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.H.J.); (S.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-53-200-5838 (Y.H.J.); +82-53-420-4838 (S.-H.K.)
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Mohd Kasim VNK, Noble SM, Liew KY, Tan JW, Israf DA, Tham CL. Management of Atopic Dermatitis Via Oral and Topical Administration of Herbs in Murine Model: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:785782. [PMID: 35685636 PMCID: PMC9171034 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.785782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) using herbs, or their active constituents have garnered substantial attention in the management of a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disorder called atopic dermatitis (AD), particularly in attenuating disease recurrence and maintaining long-term remission. In Eastern Asian countries including China, Korea and Taiwan, herbal medicine available in both topical and oral preparation plays a significant role in treating skin diseases like AD as they possibly confer high anti-inflammatory properties and immunomodulatory functions. Conventional murine models of AD have been employed in drug discovery to provide scientific evidence for conclusive and specific pharmacological effects elicited by the use of traditional herbs and their active constituents. Coupled with the goal to develop safe and effective novel therapeutic agents for AD, this systematic review consists of a summary of 103 articles on both orally and topically administered herbs and their active constituents in the murine model, whereby articles were screened and selected via a specialized framework known as PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome). The objectives of this review paper were to identify the efficacy of oral and topical administered herbs along with their active constituents in alleviating AD and the underlying mechanism of actions, as well as the animal models and choice of inducer agents used in these studies. The main outcome on the efficacy of the majority of the herbs and their active constituents illustrated suppression of Th2 response as well as improvements in the severity of AD lesions, suppression of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration and mast cell infiltration. The majority of these studies used BALB/c mice followed by NC/Nga mice (commonly used gender–male; commonly used age group – 6–8 weeks). The most used agent in inducing AD was 2, 4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and the average induction period for both oral and topical administered herbs and their active constituents in AD experiments lasted between 3 and 4 weeks. In light of these findings, this review paper could potentially assist researchers in exploring the potential candidate herbs and their active constituents using murine model for the amelioration of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi Nur Khalieda Mohd Kasim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Kong Yen Liew
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ji Wei Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Daud Ahmad Israf
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Chau Ling Tham,
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Cai R, Yue X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Sun D, Li H, Chen L. Chemistry and bioactivity of plants from the genus Amomum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114563. [PMID: 34438033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Amomum belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, is mainly distributed in tropical regions of Asia and Oceania. Their fruits and seeds are valuable traditional medicine and used extensively, particularly in South China, India, Malaysia, and Vietnam. The genus Amomum has long been used for treating gastric diseases, digestive disorder, cancer, hepatopathy, malaria, etc. AIMS OF THE REVIEW: The main purpose of this review is to provide the available information on the traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology aspects of the genus Amomum in order to explore the trends and perspectives for further studies on its non-volatile constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present review collected the literatures published prior to 2020 on the traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the genus Amomum. The available literatures were extracted from scientific databases, such as Sci-finder, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, and CNKI, books, and others. RESULTS Herein, we summarize all 166 naturally occurring non-volatile compounds from 16 plants of the genus Amomum reported in 171 references, including flavonoids, terpenoids, diarylheptanoids, coumarins, etc. Triterpenes and flavonoids are the main constituents among these compounds and maybe play an important role in the activities directly or indirectly. As traditional medicine, the plants from the genus Amomum have been usually used in some traditional herbal prescriptions, and pharmacological researches in vitro and in vivo revealed that the extracts possessed significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic activities, etc. CONCLUSION: The review systematically summarizes current studies on traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity on the plants from the genus Amomum. To date, the majority of publications still focused on the research of volatile constituents. However, the promising preliminary data of non-volatile constituents indicated the research potential of this genus in phytochemical and pharmacological aspects. Furthermore, the further in-depth investigations on the safety, efficacy, as well as the stereo-chemistry and structure-activity relationships of pure compounds from this genus are essential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Cai
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medical, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Yue
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medical, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medical, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueying Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medical, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medical, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medical, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medical, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Kobia FM, Preusse K, Dai Q, Weaver N, Hass MR, Chaturvedi P, Stein SJ, Pear WS, Yuan Z, Kovall RA, Kuang Y, Eafergen N, Sprinzak D, Gebelein B, Brunskill EW, Kopan R. Notch dimerization and gene dosage are important for normal heart development, intestinal stem cell maintenance, and splenic marginal zone B-cell homeostasis during mite infestation. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000850. [PMID: 33017398 PMCID: PMC7561103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperative DNA binding is a key feature of transcriptional regulation. Here we examined the role of cooperativity in Notch signaling by CRISPR-mediated engineering of mice in which neither Notch1 nor Notch2 can homo- or heterodimerize, essential for cooperative binding to sequence-paired sites (SPS) located near many Notch-regulated genes. Although most known Notch-dependent phenotypes were unaffected in Notch1/2 dimer-deficient mice, a subset of tissues proved highly sensitive to loss of cooperativity. These phenotypes include heart development, compromised viability in combination with low gene dose, and the gut, developing ulcerative colitis in response to 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The most striking phenotypes-gender imbalance and splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma-emerged in combination with gene dose reduction or when challenged by chronic fur mite infestation. This study highlights the role of the environment in malignancy and colitis and is consistent with Notch-dependent anti-parasite immune responses being compromised in Notch dimer-deficient animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M. Kobia
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kristina Preusse
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Quanhui Dai
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nicholas Weaver
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Hass
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Praneet Chaturvedi
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Stein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Warren S. Pear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhenyu Yuan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rhett A. Kovall
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yi Kuang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Natanel Eafergen
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Sprinzak
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Brian Gebelein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric W. Brunskill
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Raphael Kopan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Choi YA, Yu JH, Jung HD, Lee S, Park PH, Lee HS, Kwon TK, Shin TY, Lee SW, Rho MC, Jang YH, Kim SH. Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata rhizomes on atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111850. [PMID: 30953820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Extracts from various parts of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata has been used as anti-inflammatory agents in Asian folk medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY To demonstrate the medicinal effect of the A. brevipedunculata in skin inflammation, specifically atopic dermatitis (AD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of ethanol extract of A. brevipedunculata rhizomes (ABE) on AD was examined using an AD-like skin inflammation model induced by repeated exposure to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae extract, DFE) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The mechanism study was performed using tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ-activated human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Serum histamine and immunoglobulin levels were quantified using enzymatic kits, while the gene expression of cytokines and chemokines was analyzed using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of signaling molecules was detected using Western blot. RESULTS Oral administration of ABE alleviated DFE/DNCB-induced ear thickening and clinical symptoms, as well as immune cell infiltration (mast cells and eosinophils) into the dermal layer. Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) E, DFE-specific IgE, IgG2a, and histamine levels were decreased after the administration of ABE. ABE also inhibited CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD4+IL-4+ lymphocyte polarization in lymph nodes and expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31 in the ear tissue. In TNF-α/INF-γ-stimulated keratinocytes, ABE inhibited the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and CCL17. In addition, ABE decreased the nuclear localization of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and nuclear factor-κB, and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data demonstrate the pharmacological role and signaling mechanism of ABE in the regulation of skin allergic inflammation, which supports our suggestion that ABE could be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ae Choi
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Yu
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Dae Jung
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Chul Rho
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Hyun Jang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Adams OJ, von Gunten S. Recent Advances in Experimental Allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 177:281-289. [PMID: 30423562 DOI: 10.1159/000494440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic disorders are on the rise and pose a great burden on society. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is required for the development of improved or novel therapeutic strategies. Here we aim to highlight recent advances in experimental allergy, with a particular focus on proposed treatment alternatives for airway disorders, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. Furthermore, we discuss recent work focusing on molecular and cellular mechanisms that might offer candidates for future preventive or therapeutic intervention.
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Inhibitory Effects of Helianthus tuberosus Ethanol Extract on Dermatophagoides farina body-induced Atopic Dermatitis Mouse Model and Human Keratinocytes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111657. [PMID: 30400334 PMCID: PMC6265995 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by complex symptoms. To treat AD without adverse effects, alternative therapeutic agents are required. The tubers of Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke) have been used in folk remedies for diabetes and rheumatism. However, its effect on AD development remains unknown. Therefore, this study examined the inhibitory effect of H. tuberosus (HT) on AD skin symptoms using an NC/Nga mouse model and HaCaT keratinocytes. The effect of HT and associated molecular mechanisms were evaluated in Dermatophagoides farina body (Dfb)-induced AD mice and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes by ELISA, western blot, and histological analysis. Topical HT administration attenuated AD skin symptoms in Dfb-induced AD mice, with a significant reduction in the dermatitis score and production of inflammatory mediators. HT also decreased epidermal thickness and mast cell infiltration. Moreover, HT restored filaggrin expression and inhibited adhesion molecules in the mice. These effects were confirmed in vitro. Furthermore, HT suppressed the activation of NF-κB, Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ. These results suggest that HT is a potential therapeutic agent or supplement for skin allergic inflammatory diseases such as AD.
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Jin M, Lee S, Choi YA, Jang HJ, Lee S, Park PH, Shin TY, Rho MC, Jang Y, Kim SH. Lactococcus lactisKR-050L extract suppresses house dust mite induced-atopic skin inflammation through inhibition of keratinocyte and mast cell activation. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:230-241. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jin
- CMRI; Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
| | - S. Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Jeongeup Korea
| | - Y.-A. Choi
- CMRI; Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
| | - H.-J. Jang
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Jeongeup Korea
| | - S.W. Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Jeongeup Korea
| | - P.-H. Park
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Korea
| | - T.-Y. Shin
- College of Pharmacy; Woosuk University; Jeonju Korea
| | - M.-C. Rho
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Jeongeup Korea
| | - Y.H. Jang
- Department of Dermatology; School of Medicine; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
| | - S.-H. Kim
- CMRI; Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
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