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Liu H, Chen J, Shao W, Yan S, Ding S. Efficacy and safety of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in adjuvant treatments for colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1004465. [PMID: 37144220 PMCID: PMC10151497 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1004465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third globally. There are many adverse reactions to treatments such as surgeries and post-surgical chemotherapy, which affect patients' prognosis and reduce their life quality. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3FAs) have become an essential part of immune nutrition due to their anti-inflammatory properties, which improve body immunity and have attracted widespread attention. A systematic review focused on the efficacy and safety of O3FAs for patients undergoing surgeries in combination with chemotherapy or a surgery alone is lacking. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of O3FAs in the adjuvant treatment of CRC, a meta-analysis was conducted on patients with CRC who underwent surgeries in combination with chemotherapy or a surgery alone. Methods: As of March 2023, publications have been obtained using search terms from digital databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and safety of O3FAs following adjuvant treatments for CRC were included in the meta-analysis. Key outcomes were tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), albumin, body mass index (BMI), weight, the rate of infectious and non-infectious complications, the length of hospital stay (LOS), CRC mortality and life quality. Results: After screening 1,080 studies, 19 RCTs (n = 1,556) with O3FAs in CRC were included, in all of which at least one efficacy or safety outcome was examined. Compared to the control group, the level of TNF-α (MD = -0.79, 95% CI: 1.51 to -0.07, p = 0.03) and IL-6 was reduced due to O3FA-enriched nutrition during the perioperative period (MD = -4.70, 95% CI: 6.59 to -2.80, p < 0.00001). It also reduces LOS (MD = 9.36, 95% CI: 2.16 to 16.57, p = 0.01). No significant differences were found in CRP, IL-1β, albumin, BMI, weight, the rate of infectious and non-infectious complications, CRC mortality or life quality. The inflammatory status of patients with CRC undergoing adjuvant therapies decreased after a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) O3FA supplementation (TNF-α, MD = -1.26, 95% CI: 2.25 to -0.27, p = 0.01, I 2 = 4%, n = 183 participants). The rate of infectious and non-infectious complications was reduced among patients with CRC undergoing adjuvant therapies after a parenteral nutrition (PN) O3FA supplementation (RR = 3.73, 95% CI: 1.52 to 9.17, p = 0.004, I 2 = 0%, n = 76 participants). Conclusion: Our observations suggest that supplementation with O3FAs has little or no effect on patients with CRC undergoing adjuvant therapies and that a prolonged inflammatory state may be modified. To validate these findings, well-designed, large-scale, randomized and controlled studies on homogeneous patient populations are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoshuang Liu
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Chen
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihao Shao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Su Yan
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suying Ding
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Suying Ding,
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Abou El Fadl DK, Ahmed MA, Aly YAF, Darweesh EAG, Sabri NA. Impact of Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on proinflammatory cytokines release and the development of Necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm Neonates: A randomized controlled study. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:1314-1322. [PMID: 34819793 PMCID: PMC8596146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm neonates have under-developed immune-regulatory system; consequently, there is a risk for developing chronic inflammation. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an acute devastating neonatal intestinal inflammatory disorder. Due to the obscure multifactorial etiology, early diagnosis and effective treatment of NEC are limited. Consequently, effective strategies in the prevention of NEC, including nutritional approaches, are critically needed. The current study was conducted to assess the potential immunomodulatory effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) supplementation in preterm neonates at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and subsequently its effect on preventing or reducing NEC incidence. METHODS This was a prospective randomized controlled study. A total of 67 neonates, with gestational age equal or less than 32 weeks at birth and weight less than or equal 1500 g, were randomly assigned to either DHA group or the control group. Modified Bell's staging criteria for NEC was used as an objective tool for diagnosis and staging of NEC. Levels of Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) were measured at baseline and after 10 days. Mortality and NICU length of stay (LOS) were also monitored. RESULTS Thirty neonates of each group completed the study. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding diagnosis and staging of NEC (p = 0.0001). There was also a statistically significant difference between DHA group 22(73.3), 95% CI [55.9, 86.5] and the control group 8 (26.7), 95% CI [13.5, 44.1] in the percentage change in IL-1β levels (p = 0.0001).A statistically significant association was found between IL and 1 β change and NEC diagnosis (p = 0.001). NICU LOS was significantly lower among DHA group 21.63 ± 6.67 compared to the control group 25.07 ± 4.67 (p = 0.025). Mortality n (%) among the control group 4 (11.8) was higher than DHA group 3 (9.1), however, no significant difference was detected (p = 1.0). CONCLUSION Findings of this study suggest that enteral DHA supplementation can reduce NEC incidence in preterm neonates through its immunoregulatory effect that modulates production of regulatory cytokines.Trial registration: Registered at clinical trials.gov (NCT03700957), 6 October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Khaled Abou El Fadl
- Pharmacy Practice & Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Adel Ahmed
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin AF Aly
- Paediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtissam Abdel Ghaffar Darweesh
- Pharmacy Practice & Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa A. Sabri
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Bernabe-García M, Calder PC, Villegas-Silva R, Rodríguez-Cruz M, Chávez-Sánchez L, Cruz-Reynoso L, Mateos-Sánchez L, Lara-Flores G, Aguilera-Joaquín AR, Sánchez-García L. Efficacy of Docosahexaenoic Acid for the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020648. [PMID: 33671220 PMCID: PMC7922869 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory bowel disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. In this study, a randomized double-blind parallel-group (1:1) trial was carried out in two neonatal intensive care units of two tertiary hospitals. Two hundred and twenty-five preterm newborns with an expected functional gastrointestinal tract were recruited and received an enteral dose of 75 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/kg body weight or high-oleic sunflower oil daily for 14 days from the first enteral feed after birth. Confirmed NEC was evaluated with Bell’s scale from stage ≥ IIa. Two hundred and fourteen randomized infants were analyzed in terms of the intent-to-treat (DHA-group: n = 105; control-group: n = 109); data for two hundred infants were analysed per protocol. Confirmed NEC was lower in infants from the DHA-group compared with the control-group (0/100 vs. 7/100; p = 0.007), with RR = 0.93 (95% CI 0.881 to 0.981), risk difference = −7%, (95% CI −12.00 to −1.99), and number needed-to-treat = 15 (95% CI 8.3 to 50). Intent-to-treat analysis showed a lower level of treatment failure in the DHA-group compared with the control-group (6/105 (6%) vs. 16/109 (15%); p = 0.03, RR = 0.905, (95% CI 0.826 to 0.991)). The results after multivariate-regression analysis remained significant. Adverse events (apart from the incidence of NEC) were not different between groups. A daily dose of DHA for 14 days starting with the first enteral feed may prevent NEC in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Bernabe-García
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, CMN Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City 06720, Mexico; (M.B.-G.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Raúl Villegas-Silva
- Neonatología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Maricela Rodríguez-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, CMN Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City 06720, Mexico; (M.B.-G.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Luis Chávez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, CMN Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Leonardo Cruz-Reynoso
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, UMAE Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No.3, CMN La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City 02990, Mexico; (L.C.-R.); (A.R.A.-J.); (L.S.-G.)
| | - Leovigildo Mateos-Sánchez
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, UMAE Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia N° 4 “Luis Castelazo Ayala”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City 01090, Mexico; (L.M.-S.); (G.L.-F.)
| | - Gabriel Lara-Flores
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, UMAE Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia N° 4 “Luis Castelazo Ayala”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City 01090, Mexico; (L.M.-S.); (G.L.-F.)
| | - Augusto R. Aguilera-Joaquín
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, UMAE Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No.3, CMN La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City 02990, Mexico; (L.C.-R.); (A.R.A.-J.); (L.S.-G.)
| | - Luisa Sánchez-García
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, UMAE Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No.3, CMN La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City 02990, Mexico; (L.C.-R.); (A.R.A.-J.); (L.S.-G.)
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Wolbrink DR, Grundsell JR, Witteman B, Poll MVD, Santvoort HC, Issa E, Dennison A, Goor HV, Besselink MG, Bouwense SA. Are omega-3 fatty acids safe and effective in acute pancreatitis or sepsis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:2686-2694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bernabe-García M, Villegas-Silva R, Villavicencio-Torres A, Calder PC, Rodríguez-Cruz M, Maldonado-Hernández J, Macías-Loaiza D, López-Alarcón M, Inda-Icaza P, Cruz-Reynoso L. Enteral Docosahexaenoic Acid and Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 43:874-882. [PMID: 30614004 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of the retina of low-birth-weight preterm infants that potentially leads to blindness. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is protective in experimental models, but its administration as part of parenteral nutrition has shown inconsistent results. We test the effect of enteral DHA to prevent ROP and/or severity and to reduce hospital stay. METHODS This was a double-blind parallel clinical trial. Preterm infants (n = 110; 55 per group) with birth weight <1500 g but ≥1000 g were recruited in a neonatal intensive care unit. Infants were randomized to receive 75 mg of DHA/kg/d (DHA group) or high oleic sunflower oil (control group) for 14 days by enteral feeding. The effect of DHA was evaluated on any stage of ROP, severe ROP (stage ≥3) incidence, and hospital stay. Groups were compared with relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, or Mann-Whitney U-test, as appropriate. Logistic regression was applied to adjust for confounders. RESULTS There was no difference between the DHA and control groups in ROP risk (RR for DHA = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.49-1.27; P = 0.33). However, patients who received DHA showed lower risk for stage 3 ROP (RR for DHA = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.44-0.99; P = 0.03). After adjusting for confounders, this decreased risk remained significant (adjusted odds ratio = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.011-0.886; P = 0.04). Hospital stay was similar between groups. CONCLUSION Enteral DHA may reduce the incidence of stage 3 ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Bernabe-García
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Raúl Villegas-Silva
- Neonatología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México City, México
| | - Astrid Villavicencio-Torres
- Oftalmología Pediátrica, General Hospital, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Maricela Rodríguez-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge Maldonado-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Denisse Macías-Loaiza
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mardia López-Alarcón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Inda-Icaza
- Nutrición, Universidad Anáhuac México, Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, México
| | - Leonardo Cruz-Reynoso
- División de Pediatría, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No.3, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
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Rodríguez-Cruz M, Cruz-Guzmán ODR, Almeida-Becerril T, Solís-Serna AD, Atilano-Miguel S, Sánchez-González JR, Barbosa-Cortés L, Ruíz-Cruz ED, Huicochea JC, Cárdenas-Conejo A, Escobar-Cedillo RE, Yam-Ontiveros CA, Ricárdez-Marcial EF. Potential therapeutic impact of omega-3 long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammation markers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A double-blind, controlled randomized trial. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:1840-1851. [PMID: 28987470 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most frequent dystrophy in childhood generated by a deficiency in dystrophin. DMD is a neuromuscular disease and its clinical course comprises chronic inflammation and gradual muscle weakness. Supplementation of omega-3 long chain-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (ω-3 long chain-PUFA) reduces inflammatory markers in various disorders. The goal of this research was to analyze the influence of ω-3 long chain-PUFA intake on gene expression and blood inflammatory markers in boys with DMD. METHODS In a placebo-controlled, double. Blind, randomized trial, boys with DMD (n = 36) consumed 2.9 g/day of ω-3 long chain-PUFA or sunflower oil as control, in capsules, for a period of 6 months. Blood was analyzed at baseline and at months 1, 2, 3, and 6 of supplementation for expression of inflammatory markers in leukocytes and serum. RESULTS There was high adherence to capsule intake (control: 95.3% ± 7.2%, and ω-3 long chain-PUFA: 97.4% ± 3.7% at month 6). Enrichment of EicosaPentaenoic Acid (EPA) and DocosaHexaenoic Acid (DHA) in erythrocytes increased significantly in patients supplemented with ω-3 long chain-PUFA compared with the placebo group during the 6 months of supplementation. Messenger RNA (mRNA) of the Nuclear Factor kappa beta (NF-κB) and its target genes InterLeukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 was downregulated significantly (p < 0.05) in leukocytes from DMD boys supplemented with ω-3 long chain-PUFA for 6 months, compared to the placebo group. Omega-3 long chain-PUFA intake decreased the serum IL-1β (-59.5%; p = 0.011) and IL-6 (-54.8%; p = 0.041), and increased the serum IL-10 (99.9%, p < 0.005), in relation to those with placebo treatment. CONCLUSION Supplementation with ω-3 long chain-PUFA 2.9 g/day is well-tolerated, has a beneficial reductive effect on proinflammatory markers, and increases an anti-inflammatory marker, indicating that ω-3 long chain-PUFA could have a potential therapeutic impact on chronic inflammation in DMD. This research is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT018264229).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricela Rodríguez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Oriana Del Rocío Cruz-Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tomás Almeida-Becerril
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alan Donovan Solís-Serna
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Salvador Atilano-Miguel
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Raúl Sánchez-González
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Barbosa-Cortés
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Dolores Ruíz-Cruz
- Departamento de Genética, UMAE Hospital General "Dr. Gaudencio González Garza", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Huicochea
- Departamento de Genética, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN-SXXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alan Cárdenas-Conejo
- Departamento de Genética, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN-SXXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Elena Escobar-Cedillo
- Servicio de Electrodiagnóstico y Distrofia Muscular, Instituto Nacional de la Rehabilitación (INRehab), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Yam-Ontiveros
- Departamento de Genética, UMAE Hospital General "Dr. Gaudencio González Garza", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar F Ricárdez-Marcial
- Departamento de Genética, UMAE Hospital General "Dr. Gaudencio González Garza", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Cruz M, Serna DS. Nutrigenomics of ω-3 fatty acids: Regulators of the master transcription factors. Nutrition 2017; 41:90-96. [PMID: 28760435 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) control some key molecular cell mechanisms, resulting in a beneficial role in inflammatory diseases. Such mechanisms are complex and reflect the diversity of their functions, mainly as modulators of the dynamic properties of membranes, regulators of gene expression, and precursors of active mediators. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of the art of the effects and mechanisms by which ω-3 LC-PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C22:5 ω-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 ω-3) regulate different metabolic processes to maintain homeostasis. Thus, we describe some aspects of these fatty acids-from their structural function in cell membranes to their role as regulators of gene expression, mainly in lipid metabolism. However, further studies are required to elucidate these actions and to have a better understanding in regard to the beneficial effects of ω-3 LC-PUFAs in the pathogenesis of several diseases as well as their functions as nutrients with protective action to avoid or delay development of these diseases. Furthermore, it is necessary to highlight the lack of comprehensive studies including nutritional, biochemical, genetic, and immune aspects to identify specific molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of consumption of DHA (C22:6 ω-3) and EPA (C22:5 ω-3) and their metabolic derivatives on health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricela Rodríguez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, México.
| | - Donovan Solís Serna
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, México
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