1
|
Yasui Y, Hirayama S, Hiyoshi T, Isono T, Domon H, Maekawa T, Tabeta K, Terao Y. The Pneumococcal Protein SufC Binds to Host Plasminogen and Promotes Its Conversion into Plasmin. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2969. [PMID: 38138113 PMCID: PMC10745484 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes otitis media, sinusitis, and serious diseases such as pneumonia and bacteremia. However, the in vivo dynamics of S. pneumoniae infections and disease severity are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated pneumococcal proteins detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of an S. pneumoniae-infected mouse, which were assumed to be expressed during infection. Analysis of three proteins with unknown infection-related functions revealed that recombinant Fe-S cluster assembly ATP-binding protein (SufC) binds to the host plasminogen and promotes its conversion into plasmin. SufC was detected in the bacterial cell-surface protein fraction, but it had no extracellular secretory signal. This study suggests that S. pneumoniae releases SufC extracellularly through LytA-dependent autolysis, binding to the bacterial cell surface and host plasminogen and promoting its conversion into plasmin. The recruitment of plasmin by S. pneumoniae is considered useful for bacterial survival and spread, and SufC is suggested to facilitate this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Yasui
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Satoru Hirayama
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takumi Hiyoshi
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Toshihito Isono
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brouwer S, Rivera-Hernandez T, Curren BF, Harbison-Price N, De Oliveira DMP, Jespersen MG, Davies MR, Walker MJ. Pathogenesis, epidemiology and control of Group A Streptococcus infection. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:431-447. [PMID: 36894668 PMCID: PMC9998027 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus; GAS) is exquisitely adapted to the human host, resulting in asymptomatic infection, pharyngitis, pyoderma, scarlet fever or invasive diseases, with potential for triggering post-infection immune sequelae. GAS deploys a range of virulence determinants to allow colonization, dissemination within the host and transmission, disrupting both innate and adaptive immune responses to infection. Fluctuating global GAS epidemiology is characterized by the emergence of new GAS clones, often associated with the acquisition of new virulence or antimicrobial determinants that are better adapted to the infection niche or averting host immunity. The recent identification of clinical GAS isolates with reduced penicillin sensitivity and increasing macrolide resistance threatens both frontline and penicillin-adjunctive antibiotic treatment. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a GAS research and technology road map and has outlined preferred vaccine characteristics, stimulating renewed interest in the development of safe and effective GAS vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Brouwer
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Bodie F Curren
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nichaela Harbison-Price
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David M P De Oliveira
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Magnus G Jespersen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark R Davies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Satala D, Bednarek A, Kozik A, Rapala-Kozik M, Karkowska-Kuleta J. The Recruitment and Activation of Plasminogen by Bacteria-The Involvement in Chronic Infection Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10436. [PMID: 37445613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria is largely related to the specific properties of the bacterial cell surface and extracellular hydrolytic activity. Furthermore, a significant role of hijacking of host proteolytic cascades by pathogens during invasion should not be disregarded during consideration of the mechanisms of bacterial virulence. This is the key factor for the pathogen evasion of the host immune response, tissue damage, and pathogen invasiveness at secondary infection sites after initial penetration through tissue barriers. In this review, the mechanisms of bacterial impact on host plasminogen-the precursor of the important plasma serine proteinase, plasmin-are characterized, principally focusing on cell surface exposition of various proteins, responsible for binding of this host (pro)enzyme and its activators or inhibitors, as well as the fibrinolytic system activation tactics exploited by different bacterial species, not only pathogenic, but also selected harmless residents of the human microbiome. Additionally, the involvement of bacterial factors that modulate the process of plasminogen activation and fibrinolysis during periodontitis is also described, providing a remarkable example of a dual use of this host system in the development of chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Satala
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Bednarek
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Siemens N, Snäll J, Svensson M, Norrby-Teglund A. Pathogenic Mechanisms of Streptococcal Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1294:127-150. [PMID: 33079367 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-57616-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are severe life-threatening and rapidly progressing infections. Beta-hemolytic streptococci, particularly S. pyogenes (group A streptococci (GAS)) but also S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE, most group G and C streptococcus), are the main causative agents of monomicrobial NSTIs and certain types, such as emm1 and emm3, are over-represented in NSTI cases. An arsenal of bacterial virulence factors contribute to disease pathogenesis, which is a complex and multifactorial process. In this chapter, we summarize data that have provided mechanistic and immuno-pathologic insight into host-pathogens interactions that contribute to tissue pathology in streptococcal NSTIs. The role of streptococcal surface associated and secreted factors contributing to the hyper-inflammatory state and immune evasion, bacterial load in the tissue and persistence strategies, including intracellular survival and biofilm formation, as well as strategies to mimic NSTIs in vitro are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Siemens
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Johanna Snäll
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mattias Svensson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Norrby-Teglund
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Locke M, Longstaff C. Extracellular Histones Inhibit Fibrinolysis through Noncovalent and Covalent Interactions with Fibrin. Thromb Haemost 2020; 121:464-476. [PMID: 33131044 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Histones released into circulation as neutrophil extracellular traps are causally implicated in the pathogenesis of arterial, venous, and microvascular thrombosis by promoting coagulation and enhancing clot stability. Histones induce structural changes in fibrin rendering it stronger and resistant to fibrinolysis. The current study extends these observations by defining the antifibrinolytic mechanisms of histones in purified, plasma, and whole blood systems. Although histones stimulated plasminogen activation in solution, they inhibited plasmin as competitive substrates. Protection of fibrin from plasmin digestion is enhanced by covalent incorporation of histones into fibrin, catalyzed by activated transglutaminase, coagulation factor FXIII (FXIIIa). All histone subtypes (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) were crosslinked to fibrin. A distinct, noncovalent mechanism explains histone-accelerated lateral aggregation of fibrin protofibrils, resulting in thicker fibers with higher mass-to-length ratios and in turn hampered fibrinolysis. However, histones were less effective at delaying fibrinolysis in the absence of FXIIIa activity. Therapeutic doses of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) prevented covalent but not noncovalent histone-fibrin interactions and neutralized the effects of histones on fibrinolysis. This suggests an additional antithrombotic mechanism for LMWH beyond anticoagulation. In conclusion, for the first time we report that histones are crosslinked to fibrin by FXIIIa and promote fibrinolytic resistance which can be overcome by FXIIIa inhibitors and histone-binding heparinoids. These findings provide a rationale for targeting the FXIII-histone-fibrin axis to destabilize fibrin and prevent potentially thrombotic fibrin networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Locke
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Longstaff
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tanner L, Bhongir RKV, Karlsson CAQ, Le S, Ljungberg JK, Andersson P, Andersson C, Malmström J, Egesten A, Single AB. Citrullination of extracellular histone H3.1 reduces antibacterial activity and exacerbates its proteolytic degradation. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:346-355. [PMID: 32727663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF), involves excessive airway accumulation of neutrophils, often in parallel with severe infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Free histones are known to possess bactericidal properties, but the degree of antibacterial activity exerted on specific lung-based pathogens is largely unknown. Neutrophils have a high content of peptidyl deiminase 4 (PADI4), which citrullinate cationic peptidyl-arginines. In histone H3.1, several positions in the NH2-terminal tail are subject to citrullination. METHODS Full-length and segmented histone subunit H3.1 was investigated for bactericidal activity towards P. aeruginosa (strain PAO1). PADI4-induced citrullination of histone H3.1 was assessed for antibacterial activity towards P. aeruginosa. Next, the effect of neutrophil elastase (NE)-mediated proteolysis of histone H3.1 was investigated. Finally, PADI4, H3.1, and citrullinated H3.1 were examined in healthy control and CF patient lung tissues. RESULTS Full-length histone H3.1 and sections of the histone H3.1 tail, displayed bactericidal activity towards P. aeruginosa. These antibacterial effects were reduced following citrullination by PADI4 or proteolysis by NE. Interestingly, citrullination of histone H3.1 exacerbated NE-mediated degradation. In CF lung tissue, citrullinated histone H3.1 and PADI4 immunoreactivity was abundant. Degraded histone H3.1 was detected in the sputum of CF patients but was absent in the sputum of healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Citrullination impairs the antibacterial activity of histone H3.1 and exacerbates its proteolytic degradation by NE. Citrullination is likely to play an important role during resolution of acute inflammation. However, in chronic inflammation akin to CF, citrullination may dampen host defense and promote pathogen survival, as exemplified by P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Tanner
- Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ravi K V Bhongir
- Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christofer A Q Karlsson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandy Le
- Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johanna K Ljungberg
- Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia Andersson
- Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Andersson
- Respiratory Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arne Egesten
- Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrew B Single
- Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Streptococcus pyogenes
(i.e., the group A
Streptococcus
) is a human-restricted and versatile bacterial pathogen that produces an impressive arsenal of both surface-expressed and secreted virulence factors. Although surface-expressed virulence factors are clearly vital for colonization, establishing infection, and the development of disease, the secreted virulence factors are likely the major mediators of tissue damage and toxicity seen during active infection. The collective exotoxin arsenal of
S. pyogenes
is rivaled by few bacterial pathogens and includes extracellular enzymes, membrane active proteins, and a variety of toxins that specifically target both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, including the superantigens; however, despite their role in
S. pyogenes
disease, each of these virulence factors has likely evolved with humans in the context of asymptomatic colonization and transmission. In this article, we focus on the biology of the true secreted exotoxins of the group A
Streptococcus
, as well as their roles in the pathogenesis of human disease.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pietrocola G, Nobile G, Alfeo MJ, Foster TJ, Geoghegan JA, De Filippis V, Speziale P. Fibronectin-binding protein B (FnBPB) from Staphylococcus aureus protects against the antimicrobial activity of histones. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3588-3602. [PMID: 30622139 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that can cause both superficial and deep-seated infections. Histones released by neutrophils kill bacteria by binding to the bacterial cell surface and causing membrane damage. We postulated that cell wall-anchored proteins protect S. aureus from the bactericidal effects of histones by binding to and sequestering histones away from the cell envelope. Here, we focused on S. aureus strain LAC and by using an array of biochemical assays, including surface plasmon resonance and ELISA, discovered that fibronectin-binding protein B (FnBPB) is the main histone receptor. FnBPB bound all types of histones, but histone H3 displayed the highest affinity and bactericidal activity and was therefore investigated further. H3 bound specifically to the A domain of recombinant FnBPB with a KD of 86 nm, ∼20-fold lower than that for fibrinogen. Binding apparently occurred by the same mechanism by which FnBPB binds to fibrinogen, because FnBPB variants defective in fibrinogen binding also did not bind H3. An FnBPB-deletion mutant of S. aureus LAC bound less H3 and was more susceptible to its bactericidal activity and to neutrophil extracellular traps, whereas an FnBPB-overexpressing mutant bound more H3 and was more resistant than the WT. FnBPB bound simultaneously to H3 and plasminogen, which after activation by tissue plasminogen activator cleaved the bound histone. We conclude that FnBPB provides a dual immune-evasion function that captures histones and prevents them from reaching the bacterial membrane and simultaneously binds plasminogen, thereby promoting its conversion to plasmin to destroy the bound histone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Pietrocola
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy,
| | - Giulia Nobile
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariangela J Alfeo
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Timothy J Foster
- the Microbiology Department, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joan A Geoghegan
- the Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- the Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 36131 Padova, Italy, and
| | - Pietro Speziale
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy, .,the Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The name human contact system is related to its mode of action, as "contact" with artificial negatively charged surfaces triggers its activation. Today, it is generally believed that the contact system is an inflammatory response mechanism not only against artificial material but also against misfolded proteins and foreign organisms. Upon activation, the contact system is involved in at least two distinct (patho)physiologic processes:i. the trigger of the intrinsic coagulation via factor XI and ii. the cleavage of high molecular weight kininogen with release of bradykinin and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Bradykinin is involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes, vascular permeability, and blood pressure. Due to the release of AMPs, the contact system is regarded as a branch of the innate immune defense against microorganisms. There is an increasing list of pathogens that interact with contact factors, in addition to bacteria also fungi and viruses bind and activate the system. In spite of that, pathogens have developed their own mechanisms to activate the contact system, resulting in manipulation of this host immune response. In this up-to-date review, we summarize present research on the interaction of pathogens with the human contact system, focusing particularly on bacterial and viral mechanisms that trigger inflammation via contact system activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Oehmcke-Hecht
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Juliane Köhler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Isenring J, Köhler J, Nakata M, Frank M, Jans C, Renault P, Danne C, Dramsi S, Kreikemeyer B, Oehmcke-Hecht S. Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus endocarditis isolate interferes with coagulation and activates the contact system. Virulence 2017; 9:248-261. [PMID: 29072555 PMCID: PMC5955193 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1393600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, formerly classified as S. bovis biotype I, is an increasing cause of bacteremia and infective endocarditis in the elderly. The physiopathology of infective endocarditis is poorly understood and involves immune and coagulation systems. In this study, we found that S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus activates the human contact system, which in turn has two consequences: cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) resulting in release of the potent pro-inflammatory peptide bradykinin, and initiation of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus was found to bind and activate factors of the human contact system at its surface, leading to a significant prolongation of the intrinsic coagulation time and to the release of bradykinin. High-affinity binding of factor XII to the bacterial Pil1 collagen binding protein was demonstrated with a KD of 13 nM. Of note, Pil1 expression was exclusively found in S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, further supporting an essential contribution of this pilus in virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Isenring
- a Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany.,b Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, ETH Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Juliane Köhler
- a Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| | - Masanobu Nakata
- a Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany.,c Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Marcus Frank
- d Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Centre, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| | - Christoph Jans
- b Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, ETH Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Pierre Renault
- e Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Camille Danne
- f Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France , Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- f Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France , Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- a Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| | - Sonja Oehmcke-Hecht
- a Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Döhrmann S, LaRock CN, Anderson EL, Cole JN, Ryali B, Stewart C, Nonejuie P, Pogliano J, Corriden R, Ghosh P, Nizet V. Group A Streptococcal M1 Protein Provides Resistance against the Antimicrobial Activity of Histones. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43039. [PMID: 28220899 PMCID: PMC5318940 DOI: 10.1038/srep43039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histones are essential elements of chromatin structure and gene regulation in eukaryotes. An unexpected attribute of these nuclear proteins is their antimicrobial activity. A framework for histone release and function in host defense in vivo was revealed with the discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps, a specialized cell death process in which DNA-based structures containing histones are extruded to ensnare and kill bacteria. Investigating the susceptibility of various Gram-positive pathogens to histones, we found high-level resistance by one leading human pathogen, group A Streptococcus (GAS). A screen of isogenic mutants revealed that the highly surface-expressed M1 protein, a classical GAS virulence factor, was required for high-level histone resistance. Biochemical and microscopic analyses revealed that the N-terminal domain of M1 protein binds and inactivates histones before they reach their cell wall target of action. This finding illustrates a new pathogenic function for this classic GAS virulence factor, and highlights a potential innate immune evasion strategy that may be employed by other bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Döhrmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher N LaRock
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ericka L Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jason N Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brinda Ryali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chelsea Stewart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Poochit Nonejuie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joe Pogliano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ross Corriden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Partho Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Department of Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|