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Cui LY, Sun CP, Li YY, Liu S. Granulomatous mastitis in a 50-year-old male: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:451-459. [PMID: 38313639 PMCID: PMC10835698 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i2.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulomatous mastitis (GM) an inflammatory disease of the breast that usually affects women of childbearing age, occurs very rarely in males. CASE SUMMARY We present a case study of a 50-year-old male patient with GM. The patient developed a breast lump following the cleaning of a previously embedded dirt-filled nipple. While an initial improvement was noted with antibiotic therapy, a recurrence occurred a year later, showing resistance to the previously effective antibiotics. Subsequently, the lesion was excised. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of GM. CONCLUSION GM should be considered a possible diagnosis of male breast masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yin Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen-Ping Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-Yuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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2
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Alhalaseh S, Smith J, Alziadin N, Gandrabur L. Challenging Management of a Breast Mass: Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e41855. [PMID: 37583723 PMCID: PMC10423851 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare benign pathology of inflammation in the breast that commonly affects parous women of reproductive age and men although it is extremely rare. It has an unusual predilection for Hispanic women born outside of the United States, most notably in Mexico. Recently, this entity has been described more. However, the approach to management is still very controversial, and the approaches vary widely, although surgical approaches, including excision or mastectomy, have been less favored recently as a primary approach. Here, we present a case of a young female of reproductive age who presented initially with a suspicious breast lump diagnosed initially in the breast clinic as IGM and was referred to the rheumatology clinic for management with medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Alhalaseh
- Internal Medicine, St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, Bronx, USA
| | - Jordan Smith
- Internal Medicine, St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, Bronx, USA
| | - Nmair Alziadin
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
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Kawashima K, Yamamoto S, Narui K, Fujiwara Y, Adachi S, Sasamoto M, Oshi M, Yamada A, Kumagai E, Otani M, Endo I. Granulomatous mastitis in a male breast: A case report and review of literature. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7048. [PMID: 36873068 PMCID: PMC9981576 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare disease, particularly among men. Herein, we present a case of GM diagnosed in a 63-year-old male patient who showed reduction in the tumor size during 3 months of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawashima
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Kazutaka Narui
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Yoshie Fujiwara
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Shoko Adachi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Mahato Sasamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Masanori Oshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Akimitsu Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Eita Kumagai
- Department of Pathology Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Masako Otani
- Department of Pathology Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
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Deng Y, Xiong Y, Ning P, Wang X, Han XR, Tu GF, He PY. A case management model for patients with granulomatous mastitis: a prospective study. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:143. [PMID: 35501850 PMCID: PMC9063211 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a chronic inflammatory mastitis disease that requires long-term treatment and has a high recurrence rate. Case management has been proven to be an effective mechanism in assisting patients with chronic illness to receive regular and targeted disease monitoring and health care service. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of a hospital-to-community model of case management for granulomatous mastitis and explore the related factors associated with its recurrence. Methods This was a prospective study on patients with granulomatous mastitis based on a case management model. Data on demographic, clinical and laboratory information, treatment methods, follow-up time, and recurrence were collected and analyzed. The eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was used to investigate patients' adherence to medications. Logistic regression models were built for analysis of risk factors for the recurrence of granulomatous mastitis. Results By October 2021, a total of 152 female patients with a mean age of 32 years had undergone the entire case management process. The mean total course of case management was 24.54 (range 15–45) months. Almost all the patients received medication treatment, except for one pregnant patient who received observation therapy, and approximately 53.9% of the patients received medication and surgery. The overall recurrence rate was 11.2%, and “high” medication adherence (RR = 0.428, 95% CI 0.224–0.867, P = 0.015) was significantly associated with a lower rate of recurrence, while the rate of recurrence with a surgical procedure + medication was higher than that with medication alone (RR = 4.128, 95% CI 1.026–16.610, P = 0.046). Conclusion A case management model for patients with granulomatous mastitis was applied to effectively monitor changes in the disease and to identify factors associated with disease recurrence. “Low” medication adherence was a significant risk factor for the recurrence of granulomatous mastitis. Patients treated with medication and surgery were more likely to experience recurrence than those treated with medication alone. The optimal treatment approach should be planned for granulomatous mastitis patients, and patient medication adherence should be of concern to medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Deng
- Department of Breast, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Breast, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ning
- Department of Breast, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Nursing, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Rong Han
- Department of Breast, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Fang Tu
- Department of Nursing, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yu He
- Department of Breast, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 1617, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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5
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Rodríguez Pérez A, Rojo Novo S, Gutiérrez Domingo Á, Novo Cabrera J. Mastitis granulomatosa: desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico en paciente joven. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2021.100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Post-operative Ayurvedic management of non-healing idiopathic granulomatous mastitis - A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:710-714. [PMID: 34776324 PMCID: PMC8642695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the breast which may present as painful, unilateral, discrete, breast masses with a tendency to recur. The pathogenesis is still unclear. In Ayurvedic literature, clinical features similar to IGM is seen in Stanavidradhi (breast abscess). We present the case of a 25-year old uniparous woman who had previously undergone excision biopsy for a breast lump and was diagnosed with IGM by histopathology examination. After one month, she developed pain, redness, and swelling at the operated site. She was treated for two months with corticosteroids and antibiotics, but the symptoms did not subside. After Ayurvedic treatment, the condition started to respond in a week and was completely resolved within three months. She was followed-up with medicines for three months and without medicines for another six months during which period, no recurrence was seen. The non-healing nature and high rate of recurrence of IGM necessitates prolonged treatment with steroids and antibiotics that have long-lasting adverse effects. In this context, Ayurveda may be able to offer an effective option with significantly fewer adverse effects, not only in the management of abscess and sinus, but also in prevention of recurrence.
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7
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Zhang C, Wu Y, Wang H, Zeng J, Lei S, He J, Zeng Z, Wu R, Li Q, Fan P. A clinical observation of stage I implant breast reconstruction for mass-like granulomatous lobular mastitis. Gland Surg 2021; 10:2663-2672. [PMID: 34733716 DOI: 10.21037/gs-21-417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a chronic benign inflammatory breast disease, and mainly mass-like granulomatous lobular mastitis (MGLM) clinically. There are few reports on applications of stage I implant breast reconstruction in GLM. This observational study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stage I implant breast reconstruction in the treatment of MGLM. Methods Patients suffering from MGLM who visited at hospital from April 2019 to June 2020 were selected and graded according to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. Patients with MGLM were grouped into the prosthesis implantation group and the traditional treatment group according to their preferences. Clinical parameters of the two groups were analyzed before and after surgery, such as postoperative infection, recurrence, and satisfaction with appearance and aesthetics were observed. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the implant breast reconstruction in MGLM. Results There were 59 cases of MGLM, 31 cases of grade 3-4 GLM, 11 cases of bilateral metachronous GLM. There were 18 patients in the prosthesis implantation group, including 9 patients with bilateral metachronous GLM, 2 patients with synchronous GLM, and 41 patients in the traditional treatment group. All the patients were followed up with a median of 17.5 months. One patient in the observation group had an infection on the reconstructed side 3 weeks after surgery, and the implant was retained after 2 weeks of conservative treatment such as antibiotics. Two patients in the prosthesis implantation group were not satisfied with size of the reconstructed breast was smaller than the opposite side. In the traditional treatment group, there were 3 cases of postoperative infection or delayed wound healing, and 26 cases of postoperative breast asymmetry. Conclusions For patients with MGLM, it is safe to select stage I prosthesis implantation after conservative treatment, with exact effect and high patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaqin Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- The Second Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Lei
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- The Second Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Runzhang Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Peizhi Fan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Matich A, Sud S, Buxi TBS, Dogra V. Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis and its Mimics on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Pictorial Review of Cases from India. J Clin Imaging Sci 2020; 10:53. [PMID: 33024608 PMCID: PMC7533078 DOI: 10.25259/jcis_112_2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare inflammatory disease of the breast, which is benign but potentially morbid. Mammographic and sonographic findings have been well characterized, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings have been less thoroughly documented. The objective of this study was to demonstrate characteristic findings for IGM and its mimics via a retrospective review. Material and Methods: Breast MRI examinations performed at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital in New Delhi, India between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed to identify cases in which a pattern suggestive of granulomatous mastitis was seen. Cases of known malignancy were excluded. Any available breast pathology results were then obtained, and cases with presumptive or definitive diagnoses were compiled for analysis. Results: Overall, cases identified with characteristic imaging findings and confirmed diagnosis included seven cases of IGM, four cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, two cases of tuberculous mastitis, one case of non- tuberculous infectious mastitis, one case of foreign body mastitis, and one case of eosinophilc mastitis. One case of IGM with masses rather than of non-mass enhancement was also identified. Conclusion: In our review, cases with clustered ring enhancement were found to have inflammatory, idiopathic, infectious and malignant etiologies. While, these etiologies can only be reliably differentiated on pathology, familiarity with the pattern and an awareness of the differential may lead to decreased morbidity due to delays in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Matich
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Seema Sud
- Departments of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - T B S Buxi
- Departments of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vikram Dogra
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
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Sahin C, Agridag Ucpinar B. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis in a male breast following intravesical Bacille Calmette–Guerin treatment. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:830-832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Song J, Tu Y, Chen C, Sun S. Minimally invasive comprehensive treatment for granulomatous lobular mastitis. BMC Surg 2020; 20:34. [PMID: 32087717 PMCID: PMC7035639 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00696-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe a minimally invasive comprehensive treatment for granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) and compare its effect with the existing methods, particularly in terms of its recurrence rate and esthetic outcomes. Methods This retrospective study reviewed 69 GLM patients receiving the minimally invasive comprehensive treatment. Patients’ information, including age, clinical features, image characteristics, histopathological findings, mastitis history, treatment process, operative technique, recurrence, and esthetic effect, was evaluated. Results All patients were female with a median age of 32 (range 17–55) years. Hospital stays ranged from 2 to 34 days, with a median of 6 days. The shortest time for complete rehabilitation was 2 days and the longest time was 365 days, with a median of 30 days. After a median follow-up of 391 days (range 162–690), 7 patients (10.14%) relapsed. The average cosmetic score was 2.62 ± 0.57 points and was mainly related to the past treatment, especially the surgical history. Conclusion Minimally invasive comprehensive treatment is a new method for the treatment of GLM, ensuring a therapeutic effect while maintaining breast beauty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohuai Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No.99 Zhang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No.99 Zhang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No.99 Zhang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No.99 Zhang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No.99 Zhang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Önder Ö, Azizova A, Durhan G, Elibol FD, Akpınar MG, Demirkazık F. Imaging findings and classification of the common and uncommon male breast diseases. Insights Imaging 2020; 11:27. [PMID: 32072386 PMCID: PMC7028902 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-019-0834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Male breast hosts various pathological conditions just like "female breast." However, histo-anatomical diversities with female breast lead to many differences regarding the frequency and presentation of diseases, the radiologic appearance of lesions, the diagnostic algorithm, and malignity features.Radiological modalities may play an important role in evaluating male breast lesions. Although some imaging findings are non-specific, having knowledge of certain imaging characteristics and radiologic patterns is the key to reduce the number of differential diagnoses or to reach an accurate diagnosis.Male breast imaging is mostly based on physical examination and is required for the complaints of palpable mass, breast enlargement, tenderness, nipple discharge, and nipple-skin changes. The majority of the male breast lumps are benign and the most common reason is gynecomastia. Although it is difficult to exclude malignancy in some cases, gynecomastia often has distinguishable imaging features. Pseudogynecomastia is another differential diagnosis that may be confused with gynecomastia. The distinction is important for the treatment plan.Apart from gynecomastia, other male breast lesions form a highly heterogeneous group and can be classified based on "Tissue origin," "Histopathological type and behavior," and "Radiologic features" for both simplification and comprehensive understanding.This article mainly focuses on emphasizing the results of basic histo-anatomical differences of male and female breasts, classifying male breast lesions, covering the spectrum of male breast diseases, and assisting radiologists in recognizing the imaging findings, in interpreting them through a holistic approach, in making a differential diagnosis, and in being a part of proper patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Önder
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aynur Azizova
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Durhan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Funda Dinç Elibol
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Meltem Gülsün Akpınar
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Demirkazık
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Hashmi D, Al Samaraee A, Marks B, Fasih T. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a diagnostic dilemma. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2020; 81:1-4. [PMID: 32097077 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2019.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dua Hashmi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Ahmad Al Samaraee
- Department of General Surgery, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, UK
| | - Bertram Marks
- Department of General Surgery, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, UK
| | - Tarannum Fasih
- Department of General Surgery, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, UK
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The Role of Establishing a Multidisciplinary Team for Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis in Improving Patient Outcomes and Spreading Awareness about Recent Disease Trends. Int J Breast Cancer 2020; 2020:5243958. [PMID: 32411481 PMCID: PMC7204166 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5243958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iidiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is stereotypically described as a mysterious entity that mimics breast carcinoma imposing management challenges. In 2002, we established a multidisciplinary team to treat patients with IGM. This study aimed to evaluate the role of this team in improving patient outcomes. Also, a review of literature is provided to highlight recent disease trends. Patients and Methods. Pertinent data for 44 patients treated for IGM from 2002 to 2018 were analyzed and compared to data prior to 2002. Results Mean age at diagnosis was 37.9 years ± 6.4. The diagnosis of IGM was confirmed by True-cut biopsy (TCB), Frozen section (FS), and surgical biopsy in 70.5%, 25%, and 4.5% of patients, respectively. FS was used to assess the resection margins in three patients. Suspicion for malignancy was raised in one out of 39 ultrasound reports, and one out of 20 mammography reports. Wide local excision was the main treatment modality (95.5%). 19 patients (43.2%) received corticosteroids. Prior to 2002, IGM was only recognized after surgical resection with a 71% initial false impression of carcinoma. After 2002, the initial false clinical impression of carcinoma dropped to 29.5%. Recurrence rate was 31.82%. Younger age at diagnosis was significantly associated with recurrence (χ 2 = 5.598; p = 0.018). Chi-square analysis showed no significant association between BMI and recurrence (χ 2 = 0.776; p = 0.678). Conclusion The establishment of a multidisciplinary team for IGM was associated with a reduced erroneous impression of breast cancer, and a reduced false positive radiological diagnosis of breast carcinoma. FS was a useful confirmatory procedure. Our series included the first case of a diffuse papular rash as a systemic manifestation of IGM. Recent literature indicates that IGM is changing its face. IGM is being reported in all age groups, and even in males. The clinical manifestations have markedly expanded. Diagnosis by TCB has replaced blind surgical excision. More data regarding predictors of recurrence is accumulating.
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Granulomatous Mastitis and Factors Associated with Recurrence: An 11-Year Single-Centre Study of 113 Patients in Singapore. World J Surg 2019; 43:1737-1745. [PMID: 31049604 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-019-05014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is an inflammatory breast disease of unknown aetiology. It poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges with myriad forms of clinical presentation, varying results to treatments and propensity to recur. This study aims to look at clinical and treatment factors that predispose to recurrence of GM. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 113 patients in our unit with histologically proven GM from 2006 to 2016. Demographic, clinical, treatment and outcomes data were collected and analysed. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients were treated with antibiotics (78.8%), 79 (69.9%) with steroids and 23 (20.4%) patients underwent surgery. Twenty (17.7%) patients had recurrence. Patients who presented with inflammatory signs and symptoms had increased odds of having subsequent recurrence: skin changes (1.50), pain (2.00), fistula (4.39) and antibiotic treatment (6.65). Four patients (20%) with recurrence had positive bacterial cultures. All 4 grew Corynebacterium. Patients with Corynebacterium infection had a 2.64 times higher risk of recurrence. Surgery did not preclude recurrence. There was a 70% (7/10) penicillin resistance rate in our patients with positive cultures for Corynebacterium. CONCLUSION Initial presentation with inflammatory signs and symptoms may confer increased risk of recurrence, warranting closer monitoring. Corynebacterium infection may play a part as a causative factor and risk factor for recurrence. Non-penicillin antibiotics should be considered as first-line antibiotics for patients presenting with inflammatory changes. Further prospective studies with larger patient populations might reveal information on the aetiology of GM and result in the development of a more standardized and effective treatment regimen.
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Wolfrum A, Kümmel S, Theuerkauf I, Pelz E, Reinisch M. Granulomatous Mastitis: A Therapeutic and Diagnostic Challenge. Breast Care (Basel) 2018; 13:413-418. [PMID: 30800035 DOI: 10.1159/000495146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare benign inflammatory breast disease that affects mostly women of childbearing age with a history of breastfeeding. The etiopathogenesis is still unknown; however, inflammation as the result of a reaction to trauma, metabolic or hormonal processes, autoimmunity, and an infection with Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii have all been implicated. Clinical findings are pain, mass, hyperemia, and inflammation. Because the clinical presentation can mimic infectious mastitis or inflammatory carcinoma, the disease course is often protracted. The diagnosis is made by histopathology. Biopsies show a granulomatous formation in combination with a localized infiltration of multi-nucleated giant cells, epithelioid histiocytes, and plasma cells. Ultrasound, mammography, and magnetic resonance imaging are not specific; however, ultrasound and mammography should be done to exclude other pathologies. Due to the lack of data including randomized controlled studies, the management of GM is controversial. In Western industrialized countries, most authors use a therapy regimen starting with antibiotics and corticosteroids, followed by continuous steroid therapy and surgery in patients with persisting symptoms. More data are needed to define the best therapy. The role of immunotherapy has not yet been ascertained. The implementation of a registry to collect more information on this rare disease is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Wolfrum
- Breast Unit, Evangelische Huyssens-Stiftung, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Sherko Kümmel
- Breast Unit, Evangelische Huyssens-Stiftung, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Enrico Pelz
- Institute for Pathology Viersen, Viersen, Germany
| | - Mattea Reinisch
- Breast Unit, Evangelische Huyssens-Stiftung, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
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Quaglio G, Pizzol D, Bortolani A, Manenti F, Isaakidis P, Putoto G, Olliaro PL. Breast tuberculosis in men: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194766. [PMID: 29614082 PMCID: PMC5882116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Setting Breast tuberculosis in male is a rarely reported and poorly described condition. Objective To quantify the number of breast tuberculosis in men, to describe clinical presentation and to present the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures applied. Design A systematic review of the literature including reports published in English, Spanish and French until December 2017. Results The search yielded 26 cases of male breast tuberculosis, median age 56.5 years. Most presented with an isolated breast lump (89%), associated with axillary lymphadenitis (27.8%) and skin inflammation (33.3%). The most common constitutional symptoms were pain (64.7%) and fever (35.3%). Fine-needle aspiration cytology and culture were the most common diagnostic modality (61.5%). Standard anti-tuberculosis regimen was the main treatment, alone or accompanied or preceded by incision and drainage. Conclusions The risk of breast tuberculosis in men appears to be low, but the condition can be difficult to diagnose and the diagnostic delays can be long. Overall prognosis is good following standard anti-tuberculosis regimen with or without incision/drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- GianLuca Quaglio
- European Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS), European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Beira, Mozambique
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Bortolani
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Manenti
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Petros Isaakidis
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Southern Africa Medical Unit (SAMU), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Giovanni Putoto
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Piero L. Olliaro
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization (WHO/TDR), Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Pluguez-Turull CW, Nanyes JE, Quintero CJ, Alizai H, Mais DD, Kist KA, Dornbluth NC. Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Manifestations at Multimodality Imaging and Pitfalls. Radiographics 2018. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2018170095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric W. Pluguez-Turull
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.W.P.T., J.E.N., H.A., K.A.K., N.C.D.) and Pathology (D.D.M.), University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Department of Radiology, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa (C.J.Q.)
| | - Jennifer E. Nanyes
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.W.P.T., J.E.N., H.A., K.A.K., N.C.D.) and Pathology (D.D.M.), University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Department of Radiology, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa (C.J.Q.)
| | - Cristina J. Quintero
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.W.P.T., J.E.N., H.A., K.A.K., N.C.D.) and Pathology (D.D.M.), University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Department of Radiology, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa (C.J.Q.)
| | - Hamza Alizai
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.W.P.T., J.E.N., H.A., K.A.K., N.C.D.) and Pathology (D.D.M.), University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Department of Radiology, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa (C.J.Q.)
| | - Daniel D. Mais
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.W.P.T., J.E.N., H.A., K.A.K., N.C.D.) and Pathology (D.D.M.), University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Department of Radiology, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa (C.J.Q.)
| | - Kenneth A. Kist
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.W.P.T., J.E.N., H.A., K.A.K., N.C.D.) and Pathology (D.D.M.), University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Department of Radiology, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa (C.J.Q.)
| | - Nella C. Dornbluth
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.W.P.T., J.E.N., H.A., K.A.K., N.C.D.) and Pathology (D.D.M.), University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Department of Radiology, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa (C.J.Q.)
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Moris D, Damaskos C, Davakis S, Vailas M, Garmpis N, Spartalis E, Kontos M, Kontzoglou K. Is idiopathic granulomatous mastitis a surgical disease? The jury is still out. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:309. [PMID: 28856149 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.05.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM), is a rare entity of chronic inflammatory disorder of the breast of unknown etiology. Very few cases have been described so far, almost exclusively in women. Here we describe a case of IGM in a 53-year-old man presented with a right breast mass, progressively enlarging during the last 6 months. Due to the findings of clinical examination and CT-scan, the suspicion for a potentially malignant lesion was given and the decision for surgical resection was made. Microscopic analysis of the specimen showed non-caseating granulomas around mammary lobules, findings compatible with IGM. The patient is recurrence-free at 18-month follow-up. IGM is a rare benign inflammatory breast disease, usually seen in females of reproductive age. Establishing a diagnosis can be challenging for a surgeon and requires a high index of suspicion as most patients are initially misdiagnosed by their primary care physicians. Steroids and immunosuppressive drugs are considered as fundamental treatment modalities but they are correlated with increased rates of disease response and recurrence. On the contrary, surgical resection demonstrated significantly superior results compared to steroid-alone treatment in terms of recurrence and post-treatment recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Damaskos
- Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Davakis
- Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Vailas
- Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Spartalis
- Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Kontos
- Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kontzoglou
- Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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