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Su Z, Lin M, Zhang H, Li J, Wu M, Lv H, Wang J, Xie S. The Release of Cyclophilin A from Rapamycin-Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Mediated by Myosin II Activation: Involvement of Apoptosis but Not Autophagy. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:254-260. [PMID: 32526757 DOI: 10.1159/000506685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The exocytosis of cyclophilin A (CyPA) by a vesicular pathway in response to reactive oxygen species has been determined. However, other sources of extracellular CyPA remain obscure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the role of autophagy in the secretion of CyPA. METHODS AND RESULTS Rapamycin induced the activation of autophagy and release of CyPA from primary cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). However, inhibition of autophagy by knockdown of Atg7 or chloroquine did not affect the rapamycin-induced release of CyPA. With the exception of myosin II activity, rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK), actin remodelling, and synaptic vesicles were not implicated in the release of rapamycin-induced CyPA. Finally, we confirmed that rapamycin-induced extracellular CyPA originated from apoptotic RASMCs. Furthermore, the decreased activation of myosin II by blebbistatin blocked the release of CyPA from apoptotic RASMCs induced by rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin induced the release of CyPA from apoptotic RASMCs but did not affect exocytosis through autophagosomes. ROCK, actin remodelling, and synaptic vesicles were not involved in the apoptosis-related release of CyPA. Myosin II activation modulated the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and the release of CyPA from rapamycin-induced apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhuo Su
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maohuan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiajie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiping Wu
- Department of Hematocyte Morphological Lab, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanlu Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuanglun Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China,
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Tsuda T, Imanishi M, Oogoshi M, Goda M, Kihira Y, Horinouchi Y, Zamami Y, Ishizawa K, Ikeda Y, Hashimoto I, Tamaki T, Izawa-Ishizawa Y. Rho-associated protein kinase and cyclophilin a are involved in inorganic phosphate-induced calcification signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 142:109-115. [PMID: 31882204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial calcification, a risk factor of cardiovascular events, develops with differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like cells. Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase involved in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms, and rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) is involved in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification. CypA is secreted in a ROCK activity-dependent manner and works as a mitogen via autocrine or paracrine mechanisms in VSMCs. We examined the involvement of the ROCK-CypA axis in VSMC calcification induced by inorganic phosphate (Pi), a potent cell mineralization initiator. We found that Pi stimulated ROCK activity, CypA secretion, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation, and runt-related transcription factor 2 expression, resulting in calcium accumulation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). The ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 significantly suppressed Pi-induced CypA secretion, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and calcium accumulation. Recombinant CypA was found to be associated with increased calcium accumulation in RASMCs. Based on these results, we suggest that autocrine CypA is mediated by ROCK activity and is involved in Pi-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation following calcification signaling in RASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Tsuda
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | - Masaki Imanishi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Mizuho Oogoshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan; Student Lab, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Goda
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kihira
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Japan
| | - Yuya Horinouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | - Yoshito Zamami
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hashimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan; Anan Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan; AWA Support Center, Tokushima University, Japan.
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Lin M, Yuan W, Su Z, Lin C, Huang T, Chen Y, Wang J. Yes-associated protein mediates angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation and hypertensive vascular remodelling. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12517. [PMID: 30156340 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been reported to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. We aimed to characterize the role of YAP in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive vascular remodelling (HVR) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypic modulation and to explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS An HVR rat model was established by continuous Ang II infusion for 2 weeks. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and confocal microscopy were conducted to assess YAP expression. YAP-shRNA interfering plasmid and adenovirus were constructed to knock down YAP. We used cell proliferation and migration assays, accompanied by pathway inhibitors, to evaluate the biological function and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Ang II upregulated YAP expression in the media of carotid artery; however, in vivo YAP silencing significantly mitigated HVR, independent of the blood pressure level. Ang II upregulated YAP expression and promoted YAP nuclear accumulation in a dose- and time-dependent manner in rat VSMCs. YAP knockdown ameliorated Ang II-induced VSMCs phenotypic modulation. The regulation of YAP by Ang II could be blocked by pretreatment with angiotensin receptor type 1 antagonist losartan or F-actin depolymerizing agent latrunculin B but not the AT2R antagonist PD 123319. Disrupting the YAP-TEA domain (TEAD) interaction with verteporfin inhibited Ang II-induced VSMCs phenotypic modulation. CONCLUSIONS Yes-associated protein mediated angiotensin II-induced VSMCs phenotypic modulation and vascular remodelling. YAP is a potential therapeutic target for HVR beyond blood pressure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohuan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Woliang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhuo Su
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caina Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tucheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangxin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
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Rauscher AÁ, Gyimesi M, Kovács M, Málnási-Csizmadia A. Targeting Myosin by Blebbistatin Derivatives: Optimization and Pharmacological Potential. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:700-713. [PMID: 30057142 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blebbistatin is a widely used inhibitor of myosin 2 that enables the study of a broad range of cytoskeleton-related processes. However, blebbistatin has several limitations hindering its applicability: it is fluorescent, poorly water soluble, cytotoxic, and prone to (photo)degradation. Despite these adverse effects, being the only available myosin 2-specific inhibitor, blebbistatin is rather a choice of necessity. Blebbistatin has been modified to improve its properties and some of the new compounds have proven to be useful replacements of the original molecule. This review summarizes recent results on blebbistatin development. We also discuss the pharmacological perspectives of these efforts, as myosins are becoming promising drug target candidates for a variety of conditions ranging from neurodegeneration to muscle disease, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Á Rauscher
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Gyimesi
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kovács
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Málnási-Csizmadia
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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Effect of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in the Regulation of Post-infarct Cardiac Repair. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:576-582. [PMID: 30017234 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is reported to be accompanied by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy induction. Nevertheless, the roles of ER stress and autophagy in post-infarct reparative fibrosis remain to be elucidated. AIM To investigate the effects of ER stress and autophagy on the regulation of post-infarct reparative fibrosis. METHODS The expression of GRP78 and LC3 in cardiac fibroblasts in human heart tissues obtained from patients with or without AMI was assessed by immunofluorescence. In vitro, human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) were stimulated by various agents, the expression of GRP78, LC3 and fibronectin in these was evaluated by immunoblot and/or immunofluorescence. RESULTS After AMI, HCFs expressed significantly higher levels of GRP78 and LC3. ER stress inducer, tunicamycin (200 ng/mL) significantly increased the level of autophagy and reduced expression of fibronectin in HCFs, both of which were reversed by 4 Phenylbutyric acid. Under the condition of ER stress, the expression of fibronectin in HCFs was regulated by different levels of autophagy. LC3 co-localized with fibronectin when stimulated HCFs with tunicamycin. CONCLUSION AMI induces ER stress in cardiac fibroblasts, down-regulating fibronectin via enhanced autophagy. These findings suggest that ER stress and autophagy may be a therapeutic target to improve prognosis of patients with AMI.
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Zhang YS, Tang LJ, Tu H, Wang SJ, Liu B, Zhang XJ, Li NS, Luo XJ, Peng J. Fasudil ameliorates the ischemia/reperfusion oxidative injury in rat hearts through suppression of myosin regulatory light chain/NADPH oxidase 2 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 822:1-12. [PMID: 29337194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fasudil is a potent Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor and can relax smooth muscle or cardiac muscle contraction through decreasing the phosphorylation level of myosin regulatory light chain (p-MLC20 or p-MLC2v), while p-MLC2v can function as a transcription factor to promote the NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression in rat hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). This study aims to explore whether fasudil can protect the rat hearts against I/R oxidative injury through suppressing NOX2 expression via reduction of p-MLC2v level. The SD rat hearts were subjected to 1h-ischemia plus 3h-reperfusion, which showed myocardial injuries (myocardial fiber loss and disarray, increase of creatine kinase release and myocardial infarction/apoptosis), increase in ROCK activity and nuclear p-MLC2v level concomitant with up-regulation of NOX2 and H2O2 production; these phenomena were attenuated by fasudil in a dose-dependent manner. Next, we verified the cardioprotective effect of fasudil and the underlying mechanisms in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) -treated H9c2 cells. Consistent with the results in vivo, the H/R-treated H9c2 cells showed cellular injury (increase in apoptotic ratio), elevation in ROCK activity and nuclear p-MLC2v level, accompanied by up-regulation of NOX2 and H2O2 production; these effects were blocked in the presence of fasudil in a dose-dependent way. Based on these observations, we conclude that beneficial effect of fasudil against myocardial I/R or H/R oxidative injury is related to the suppression of NOX2 expression through decrease of the p-MLC2v level. Our findings also highlight that intervention of MLC2v phosphorylation by drugs may provide a novel strategy to protect heart from I/R oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Li-Jing Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hua Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Shi-Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Nian-Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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