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de Melo AD, Freire VAF, Diogo ÍL, Santos HDL, Barbosa LA, de Carvalho LED. Antioxidant Therapy Reduces Oxidative Stress, Restores Na,K-ATPase Function and Induces Neuroprotection in Rodent Models of Seizure and Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1397. [PMID: 37507936 PMCID: PMC10376594 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by epileptic seizures resulting from neuronal hyperexcitability, which may be related to failures in Na,K-ATPase activity and oxidative stress participation. We conducted this study to investigate the impact of antioxidant therapy on oxidative stress, Na,K-ATPase activity, seizure factors, and mortality in rodent seizure/epilepsy models induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), pilocarpine (PILO), and kainic acid (KA). After screening 561 records in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus databases, 22 were included in the systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. The meta-analysis included 14 studies and showed that in epileptic animals there was an increase in the oxidizing agents nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), with a reduction in endogenous antioxidants reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SO). The Na,K-ATPase activity was reduced in all areas evaluated. Antioxidant therapy reversed all of these parameters altered by seizure or epilepsy induction. In addition, there was a percentage decrease in the number of seizures and mortality, and a meta-analysis showed a longer seizure latency in animals using antioxidant therapy. Thus, this study suggests that the use of antioxidants promotes neuroprotective effects and mitigates the effects of epilepsy. The protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42022356960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Dutra de Melo
- Departamento de Ciências e Linguagens, Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, Bambui 38900-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victor Antonio Ferreira Freire
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Leonardo Diogo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hérica de Lima Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Augusto Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Tu XK, Chen PP, Chen JY, Ding YH, Chen Q, Shi SS. GLP-1R knockdown abrogates the protective effects of liraglutide on ischaemic stroke via inhibition of M2 polarisation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by reducing Nrf2 activation. Neuropharmacology 2023:109603. [PMID: 37236529 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Liraglutide has been recently discovered to penetrate the blood-brain barrier to exert neuroprotective effects. However, relevant mechanisms of the protective effects of liraglutide on ischaemic stroke remain to be elucidated. This study examined the mechanism of GLP-1R in regulating the protective effect of liraglutide against ischaemic stroke. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) male Sprague-Dawley rat model with/without GLP-1R or Nrf2 knockdown was established and subjected to liraglutide treatment. Then neurological deficit and brain oedema of rats was evaluated and brain tissues were subjected to TTC, Nissl, TUNEL and immunofluorescence staining. Rat primary microglial cells firstly underwent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, then GLP-1R or Nrf2 knockdown treatment, and finally Liraglutide treatment to research the NLRP3 activation. As a result, Liraglutide protected rats' brain tissues after MCAO, which attenuated brain oedema, infarct volume, neurological deficit score, neuronal apoptosis and Iba1 expression but enhanced live neurons. However, GLP-1R knockdown abrogated these protective effects of liraglutide on MCAO rats. According to in vitro experiments, Liraglutide promoted M2 polarisation, activated Nrf2 and inhibited NLRP3 activation in LPS-induced microglial cells, but GLP-1R or Nrf2 knockdown reversed these effects of Liraglutide on LPS-induced microglial cells. Further, Nrf2 knockdown counteracted the protection of liraglutide on MCAO rats, whereas sulforaphane (agonist of Nrf2) counteracted the effect of Nrf2 knockdown on liraglutide-treated MCAO rats. Collectively, GLP-1R knockdown abrogated the protection of liraglutide on MCAO rats by activating NLRP3 via inactivating Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Kun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Neurosurgical Institute of Fujian Province, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
| | - Ping-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Neurosurgical Institute of Fujian Province, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Jing-Yi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Neurosurgical Institute of Fujian Province, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Yi-Hang Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Neurosurgical Institute of Fujian Province, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Neurosurgical Institute of Fujian Province, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Song-Sheng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Neurosurgical Institute of Fujian Province, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
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The Role of Dietary Lipids in Cognitive Health: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123250. [PMID: 36552006 PMCID: PMC9775642 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterised by progressive loss of brain function. The most common of these is Alzheimer's disease, a form of dementia. Intake of macro- and micro-nutrients impacts brain function, including memory, learning, mood, and behaviour. Lipids, particularly phospholipids and sphingolipids, are crucial structural components of neural tissues and significantly affect cognitive function. The importance of functional foods in preventing cardiovascular disease is well-documented in the current literature. However, the significance of such foods for central nervous system health and neurodegenerative diseases is less recognized. Gut microbiome composition affects cognitive health and function, and dietary lipids are known to influence gut health. Thus, this review will discuss different sources of dietary lipids and their effect on cognitive functioning and their interaction with the gut microbiome in the context of neurodegenerative disease.
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Mabrouk DM, El Makawy AI, Ahmed KA, Ramadan MF, Ibrahim FM. Topiramate potential neurotoxicity and mitigating role of ginger oil in mice brain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:87184-87199. [PMID: 35802336 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Topiramate has multiple pharmacological mechanisms that are efficient in treating epilepsy and migraine. Ginger has been established to have gingerols and shogaols that cause migraine relief. Moreover, Topiramate has many off-label uses. Thus, it was necessary to explore the possible neurotoxicity of Topiramate and the role of ginger oil in attenuating the Topiramate neurotoxicity. Male albino mice were orally gavaged with Topiramate, ginger oil (400 mg/kg), and Topiramate plus ginger oil with the same pattern for 28 days. Oxidative stress markers, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were examined. Histopathological examination, immunohistochemical glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Bax expression analysis were detected. The GABAAR subunits, Gabra1, Gabra3, and Gabra5 expression, were assessed by RT-qPCR. The investigation showed that Topiramate raised oxidative stress markers levels, neurotransmitters, TNF-α, and diminished glutathione (GSH). In addition, Topiramate exhibited various neuropathological alterations, strong Bax, and GFAP immune-reactivity in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, the results indicated that ginger oil had no neurotoxicity. The effect of Topiramate plus ginger oil alleviated the changes induced by Topiramate in the tested parameters. Both Topiramate and ginger oil upregulated the mRNA expression of gabra1 and gabra3, while their interaction markedly downregulated them. Therefore, it could be concluded that the Topiramate overdose could cause neurotoxicity, but the interaction with ginger oil may reduce Topiramate-induced neurotoxicity and should be taken in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M Mabrouk
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aida I El Makawy
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 7067, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia.
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Faten M Ibrahim
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O.12622, Giza, Egypt
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Ashok A, Andrabi SS, Mansoor S, Kuang Y, Kwon BK, Labhasetwar V. Antioxidant Therapy in Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Clinical Translation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020408. [PMID: 35204290 PMCID: PMC8869281 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are formed as a part of normal metabolic activities but are neutralized by the endogenous antioxidants present in cells/tissue, thus maintaining the redox balance. This redox balance is disrupted in certain neuropathophysiological conditions, causing oxidative stress, which is implicated in several progressive neurodegenerative diseases. Following neuronal injury, secondary injury progression is also caused by excessive production of free radicals. Highly reactive free radicals, mainly the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), damage the cell membrane, proteins, and DNA, which triggers a self-propagating inflammatory cascade of degenerative events. Dysfunctional mitochondria under oxidative stress conditions are considered a key mediator in progressive neurodegeneration. Exogenous delivery of antioxidants holds promise to alleviate oxidative stress to regain the redox balance. In this regard, natural and synthetic antioxidants have been evaluated. Despite promising results in preclinical studies, clinical translation of antioxidants as a therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases remains elusive. The issues could be their low bioavailability, instability, limited transport to the target tissue, and/or poor antioxidant capacity, requiring repeated and high dosing, which cannot be administered to humans because of dose-limiting toxicity. Our laboratory is investigating nanoparticle-mediated delivery of antioxidant enzymes to address some of the above issues. Apart from being endogenous, the main advantage of antioxidant enzymes is their catalytic mechanism of action; hence, they are significantly more effective at lower doses in detoxifying the deleterious effects of free radicals than nonenzymatic antioxidants. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of antioxidant therapy, challenges in their clinical translation, and the role nanoparticles/drug delivery systems could play in addressing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushruti Ashok
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Syed Suhail Andrabi
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Saffar Mansoor
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youzhi Kuang
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada;
| | - Vinod Labhasetwar
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang H, Chen MH, Chen W, Zhang JG, Qin SC. Roles and mechanisms of phospholipid transfer protein in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Psychogeriatrics 2021; 21:659-667. [PMID: 33851473 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is a complex glycosylated protein that mediates the transfer of phospholipids, unesterified cholesterol, diacylglycerides, specific apolipoproteins, and tocopherols between different classes of lipoproteins as well as between lipoproteins and cells. Many studies have associated PLTP with a variety of lipid metabolic diseases. However, recent studies have indicated that PLTP is highly expressed in the brain of vertebrate and may be related to many central nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Here, we review the data and report the role and mechanisms PLTP in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Mei-Hua Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Ji-Guo Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Shu-Cun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong; Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
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Kang JB, Park DJ, Shah MA, Koh PO. Retinoic acid exerts neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia by preventing apoptotic cell death. Neurosci Lett 2021; 757:135979. [PMID: 34023410 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a neurological disorder that leads to cognitive decline and high mortality. Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A that has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. This study investigated whether retinoic acid prevents neuronal cell damage on focal cerebral ischemia through modulating apoptosis signaling pathway. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to induce focal cerebral ischemia in adult male rats. Retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally for 4 days prior to MCAO. Neurological behavior deficit tests were performed 24 h after MCAO. Brain edema and infarct volume were measured, and TUNEL histochemistry was carried out. We also investigated the changes in apoptosis-related proteins including bcl-2 family proteins and caspases. MCAO injury induced severe neurological behavior deficits and brain edema. It also increased infarct volume, histopathological damages, and the number of TUNEL-positive cells in cerebral cortex. However, retinoic acid pretreatment attenuated MCAO-induced neurological behavior deficits, brain edema, and infarction. It also alleviated histopathological lesion and decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Bcl-2 and bax proteins are representative bcl-2 family proteins. MCAO injury induced a decrease in bcl-2 expression and an increase in bax expression, and retinoic acid pretreatment alleviated these changes. MCAO injury caused a decrease in bcl-2/bax expression ratio in cerebral cortex, while retinoic acid restored this decrease by MCAO. Moreover, our result showed increases in caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP protein levels in MCAO-operated animals. Retinoic acid pretreatment prevented these increases. We identified the changes in cleaved forms of these proteins, similar to the changes in full-length protein. Activation of caspases and PARP proteins are considered to be representative apoptosis indicators. This study showed that retinoic acid regulates bcl-2 family proteins and caspase proteins in focal cerebral ischemia. Thus, our findings demonstrate that retinoic acid exhibits a neuroprotective effect against ischemic damage by modulating apoptosis signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Bin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Murad-Ali Shah
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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Salehi C, Seiiedy M, Soraya H, Fazli F, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Pretreatment with bisoprolol and vitamin E alone or in combination provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:685-695. [PMID: 33106920 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induces selective neuronal injury in the hippocampus, leading to severe impairment in behavior, learning, and memory functions. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of bisoprolol (biso) and vitamin E (vit E) treatment alone or in combination on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. A total of 30 male rats were divided randomly into five groups (n = 6), sham, I/R, I/R + biso, I/R + vit E, and I/R + biso+vit E. Cerebral I/R group underwent global ischemia by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 20 min. Treatment groups received drugs once daily intraperitoneally for 7 days before the I/R induction. Locomotive and cognitive behaviors were utilized by open-field and Morris water maze tests. After behavioral testing, the brain was removed and processed to evaluate cerebral infarct size, histopathologic changes, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. In I/R group tissue MDA and MPO levels and cerebral infarct size were significantly increased in comparison with the sham group. Furthermore, significant deficits were observed in locomotion and spatial memory after I/R. The areas of cerebral infarction, MPO, and MDA levels in biso, vit E, and combination group were significantly reduced compared with I/R group. Histopathological analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in leukocyte infiltration in all treated groups with the most profound reduction in the combination group. According to the behavioral tests, administration of biso and/or vit E protected locomotive ability and improved spatial memory after cerebral I/R. Our findings show that biso and vit E have beneficial effects against the I/R injury and due to their synergistic effects when administered in combination, may have a more pronounced protective effect on the cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiman Salehi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 5715799313, Urmia, Iran
| | - Monireh Seiiedy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 5715799313, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamid Soraya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 5715799313, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Fazli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 5715799313, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 5715799313, Urmia, Iran.
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La Russa D, Montesano D, Pellegrino D, Frisina M, Bagetta G, Fallarino F, Amantea D. Systemic administration of sunflower oil exerts neuroprotection in a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischaemia. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:1776-1783. [PMID: 33749789 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Natural products are valuable sources of nutraceuticals for the prevention or treatment of ischemic stroke, a major cause of death and severe disability worldwide. Among the mechanisms implicated in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion damage, oxidative stress exerts a pivotal role in disease progression. Given the high antioxidant potential of most components of sunflower oil, we have explored its effects on ischemic brain injury produced in the mouse by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo). KEY FINDINGS Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of sunflower oil at doses of 3 ml/kg (48 h, 24 h and 1 h before MCAo) significantly reduced brain infarct volume and oedema assessed 24 h after the insult. This neuroprotective treatment schedule also prevented the elevation of brain lipid peroxidation produced by MCAo-reperfusion injury. By contrast, doses of 0.03 ml/kg of sunflower oil resulted ineffective on both cerebral damage and lipid peroxidation. Although sunflower oil did not affect serum levels of Diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), both 0.03 and 3 ml/kg dosing regimens resulted in the preservation of serum biological antioxidant potential (BAP) that was otherwise dramatically reduced 24 h after MCAo. CONCLUSIONS Sunflower oil represents a promising source of neuroprotective extracts/compounds that can be exploited for the prevention and/or treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele La Russa
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marialaura Frisina
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Diana Amantea
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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Yao Y, Zhang Y, Liao X, Yang R, Lei Y, Luo J. Potential Therapies for Cerebral Edema After Ischemic Stroke: A Mini Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:618819. [PMID: 33613264 PMCID: PMC7890111 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.618819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of global mortality and disability. Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension are common complications of cerebral infarction and the major causes of mortality. The formation of cerebral edema includes three stages (cytotoxic edema, ionic edema, and vasogenic edema), which involve multiple proteins and ion channels. A range of therapeutic agents that successfully target cerebral edema have been developed in animal studies, some of which have been assessed in clinical trials. Herein, we review the mechanisms of cerebral edema and the research progress of anti-edema therapies for use after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- International Medical Center, Ward of General Practice and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Periodical Press and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liao
- International Medical Center, Ward of General Practice and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Yang
- International Medical Center, Ward of General Practice and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Lei
- International Medical Center, Ward of General Practice and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhao Luo
- International Medical Center, Ward of General Practice and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Lee YC, Kao ST, Cheng CY. Acorus tatarinowii Schott extract reduces cerebral edema caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: involvement in regulation of astrocytic NKCC1/AQP4 and JNK/iNOS-mediated signaling. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:374. [PMID: 33298024 PMCID: PMC7726880 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Acorus tatarinowii Schott [Shi Chang Pu (SCP)] extract administered at the start of 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), followed by 3 d of reperfusion, and to determine mechanisms involved in anti-edema effects in the penumbra of the cerebral cortex. Method Rats were intraperitoneally administered the SCP extract at a dose of 0.25 g/kg (SCP-0.25 g), 0.5 g/kg (SCP-0.5 g), or 1 g/kg (SCP-1 g) at the start of MCAo. Result SCP-0.5 g and SCP-1 g treatments effectively reduced the cerebral infarct size, ameliorated cerebral edema, reduced blood–brain barrier permeability, and restored neurological function. SCP-0.5 g and SCP-1 g treatments markedly downregulated the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter type 1 (NKCC1), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK)/JNK, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 3-nitrotyrosine, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) and upregulated ZO-3 expression in the penumbra of the cerebral cortex 3 d after reperfusion. Conclusions SCP-0.5 g and SCP-1 g treatments exert neuroprotective effects against cerebral infarction and cerebral edema partially by mitigating astrocytic swelling and blood–brain barrier disruption. Moreover, the anti-cerebral edema effects of SCP extract treatments are possibly associated with the downregulation of astrocytic NKCC1/AQP4 and JNK/iNOS-mediated ICAM-1/MMP-9 signaling in the penumbra of the cerebral cortex 3 d after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital 40447, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital 42056, Taichung, Taiwan.
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12
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Muresanu DF, Sharma A, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Feng L, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Sjöquist PO, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Diabetes exacerbates brain pathology following a focal blast brain injury: New role of a multimodal drug cerebrolysin and nanomedicine. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 258:285-367. [PMID: 33223037 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blast brain injury (bBI) is a combination of several forces of pressure, rotation, penetration of sharp objects and chemical exposure causing laceration, perforation and tissue losses in the brain. The bBI is quite prevalent in military personnel during combat operations. However, no suitable therapeutic strategies are available so far to minimize bBI pathology. Combat stress induces profound cardiovascular and endocrine dysfunction leading to psychosomatic disorders including diabetes mellitus (DM). This is still unclear whether brain pathology in bBI could exacerbate in DM. In present review influence of DM on pathophysiology of bBI is discussed based on our own investigations. In addition, treatment with cerebrolysin (a multimodal drug comprising neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments) or H-290/51 (a chain-breaking antioxidant) using nanowired delivery of for superior neuroprotection on brain pathology in bBI in DM is explored. Our observations are the first to show that pathophysiology of bBI is exacerbated in DM and TiO2-nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin induces profound neuroprotection in bBI in DM, not reported earlier. The clinical significance of our findings with regard to military medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Per-Ove Sjöquist
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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13
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Chang HC, Yang YR, Wang RY. Effects of repetitive hyperbaric oxygen therapy on neuroprotection in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. Brain Res 2020; 1748:147097. [PMID: 32896522 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been suggested as a possible therapy for brain injury. However, the effects of HBO after transient brain ischemia are inconsistent and the underlying mechanisms are not fully known. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of repetitive HBO intervention in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal model. Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats received MCAO and were randomly assigned to normal air control or HBO intervention groups. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the intervention time period (7, 14, and 21 days). HBO was started 24 h post-MCAO for 1 h/day at 3.0 ATA with no-air breaks. After the final intervention, half of the rats in each subgroup were sacrificed and the right motor cortex was removed to examine levels of Akt phosphorylation and glutathione (GSH), as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GR) activity. The other half of the rats were used to examine infarct volume. At 24 h post-MCAO and the end of the final intervention, rats underwent tests to examine motor performance. We noted that 14- and 21-day HBO interventions significantly reduced infarct volume and increased Akt phosphorylation and GSH levels and GPx and GR activity. Motor performance was also significantly improved after 14- and 21-day interventions. No significant differences were observed between the controls and 7-day intervention groups. Repetitive HBO intervention starting 24 h post-MCAO and applied for at least 14 days, provided neuroprotective effects through modulating the cell survival pathway and antioxidative defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Chih Chang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yea-Ru Yang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ray-Yau Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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14
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Calcitriol protects the Blood-Brain Barrier integrity against ischemic stroke and reduces vasogenic brain edema via antioxidant and antiapoptotic actions in rats. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:281-289. [PMID: 31220552 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasogenic brain edema is the most important complication of ischemic stroke that aggravates primary brain injury. Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR)-induced Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) impairment limits the use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) by increasing the possibility of hemorrhagic transformation and contributing to vasogenic edema and neuroinflammation. This study examined the effects of post-ischemic treatment with calcitriol on cerebral infarction, vasogenic edema formation and BBB disruption in a rat model of ischemic stroke. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three main groups, including the sham, IR + vehicle and IR + calcitriol groups. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by a 60-min-long occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. The infarct volume, brain edema, BBB permeability and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated 24 h after ischemia. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to investigate cell apoptosis and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) protein expression five days after ischemia. RESULTS Compared to the IR + vehicle group, the IR + calcitriol group showed a reduced brain infarction volume, attenuated brain edema formation and improved BBB function. These protective effects were followed by the upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities in the brain tissue. Additionally, a diminished cell apoptosis and an increased BDNF immunoreactivity were obtained in the IR + calcitriol group. CONCLUSION Calcitriol may reduce brain injury and attenuate vasogenic edema by upregulating antioxidant enzymes activities, reducing cell apoptosis and increasing BDNF protein in the brain tissue in a rat model of ischemic stroke.
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15
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Excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and oxidant stress as molecular bases of epileptogenesis and epilepsy-derived neurodegeneration: The role of vitamin E. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1098-1112. [PMID: 30703511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress are common underlying events in neurodegeneration. This pathogenic "triad" characterizes the neurobiology of epilepsy, leading to seizure-induced cell death, increased susceptibility to neuronal synchronization and network alterations. Along with other maladaptive changes, these events pave the way to spontaneous recurrent seizures and progressive degeneration of the interested brain areas. In vivo models of epilepsy are available to explore such epileptogenic mechanisms, also assessing the efficacy of chemoprevention and therapy strategies at the pre-clinical level. The kainic acid model of pharmacological excitotoxicity and epileptogenesis is one of the most investigated mimicking the chronicization profile of temporal lobe epilepsy in humans. Its pathogenic cues include inflammatory and neuronal death pathway activation, mitochondrial disturbances and lipid peroxidation of several regions of the brain, the most vulnerable being the hippocampus. The importance of neuroinflammation and lipid peroxidation as underlying molecular events of brain damage was demonstrated in this model by the possibility to counteract the related maladaptive morphological and functional changes of this organ with vitamin E, the main fat-soluble cellular antioxidant and "conditional" co-factor of enzymatic pathways involved in polyunsaturated lipid metabolism and inflammatory signaling. The present review paper provides an overview of the literature supporting the potential for a timely intervention with vitamin E therapy in clinical management of seizures and epileptogenic processes associated with excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and lipid peroxidation, i.e. the pathogenic "triad".
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Panahpour H, Farhoudi M, Omidi Y, Mahmoudi J. An In Vivo Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29578526 DOI: 10.3791/57156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke leads to vasogenic cerebral edema and subsequent primary brain injury, which is mediated through destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Rats with induced ischemic stroke were established and used as in vivo models to investigate the functional integrity of the BBB. Spectrophotometric detection of Evans blue (EB) in the brain samples with ischemic injury could provide reliable justification for the research and development of novel therapeutic modalities. This method generates reproducible results, and is applicable in any laboratory without a need for special equipment. Here, we present a visualized and technical guideline on the detection of the extravasation of EB following induction of ischemic stroke in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdollah Panahpour
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences;
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
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17
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Early oxygen therapy does not protect the brain from vasogenic edema following acute ischemic stroke in adult male rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3221. [PMID: 28607351 PMCID: PMC5468255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain edema aggravates primary brain injury and increases its mortality rate after ischemic stroke. It is believed that normobaric oxygen therapy (NBO) may produce neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke; however, reports have been controversial, and its effects on vasogenic brain edema as a major complication of brain ischemia have not been clarified. The present study investigates the effects of NBO on cerebral edema and blood – brain barrier integrity using rat model of ischemic stroke. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min followed by 24 h reperfusion. Early NBO supplementation was started 15 min after MCAO and continued for 90 min. The results of the present study show that early oxygen therapy following acute ischemic stroke does not reduce vasogenic brain edema, nor does it protect against oxidative stress-induced BBB destruction. Additionally, cerebral edema formation occurs in conjunction with an increased mortality rate, serious brain injury, and impairment of brain antioxidant power. These findings suggest that further experimental studies should be carried out to clarify the beneficial effects and potential side effects of early oxygen therapy in acute ischemic stroke before its clinical use.
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