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Partially hydrolyzed guar gum alleviates hepatic steatosis and alters specific gut microbiota in a murine liver injury model. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:1759-1768. [PMID: 36094546 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The gut microbiota, via the gut-liver axis, plays an important role in the development of intestinal failure-associated liver disease. Here, we investigated whether partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), a dietary fiber could alleviate liver damage and modulate the gut microbiota in a murine liver injury (LI) model. METHODS Liver injury was induced in 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice using an enteral liquid diet composed of parenteral nutrition (LI group) and treated with 5% PHGG (LI/PHGG group). Liver histopathology was examined using oil red O and a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) labeling. The gut microbiota was examined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Lipid accumulation was significantly decreased in the LI /PHGG group when compared with that of the LI group. The area of TNF-α-positive cells was significantly higher in the LI group when compared with that of the control. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed pronounced changes in the gut microbiota after PHGG treatment. Linear discriminant analysis of effect size showed that PHGG treatment significantly increased cecal abundance of Parabacteroides. CONCLUSIONS PHGG alleviated hepatic steatosis following liver injury in mice. The protective effect of PHGG treatment could be associated with increased abundance of Parabacteroides in the cecum.
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Wakabayashi T, Nakamura S, Nakao Y, Yamato S, Htun Y, Mitsuie T, Morimoto A, Arioka M, Koyano K, Konishi Y, Miki T, Ueno M, Kusaka T. Hypothermia cannot ameliorate renal fibrosis after asphyxia in the newborn piglet. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e14961. [PMID: 34415096 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on renal function are not widely reported, especially in longer term animal models. The hypothesis of this study was that TH of the kidneys of hypoxic-ischemic newborn piglets would reduce pathological renal fibrosis. METHODS Twenty-five newborn piglets obtained within 24 h of birth were classified into a control group (n = 5), an hypoxic insult with normothermia (HI-NT) group (n = 12), and an hypoxic insult with TH (HI-TH) group (33.5 °C ± 0.5 °C for 24 h; n = 8). Five days after the insult, all piglets were sacrificed under deep anesthesia by isoflurane inhalation. The kidneys were perfused with phosphate-buffered paraformaldehyde and immersed in formalin buffer. Territory fibrosis was studied and scored in the renal medulla using Azan staining. RESULTS Fibrosis area scores (means ± standard deviations) based on Azan staining were 1.00 ± 0.46 in the control group, 2.85 ± 0.93 in the HI-NT group, and 3.58 ± 1.14 in the HI-TH group. The fibrosis area of the HI-NT and HI-TH groups was larger than that of the control. The HI-NT and HI-TH groups were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS Renal fibrosis is affected by perinatal asphyxia and cannot be prevented by TH, based on histopathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Wakabayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakao
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamato
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Japan
| | - Yinmon Htun
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mitsuie
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Japan
| | - Aya Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Japan
| | - Makoto Arioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Japan
| | - Kosuke Koyano
- Maternal Perinatal Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Konishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Japan
| | - Takanori Miki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Mikicho, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Mikicho, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Japan
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Yamato SH, Nakamura S, Htun Y, Nakamura M, Jinnai W, Nakao Y, Mitsuie T, Koyano K, Wakabayashi T, Morimoto AH, Sugino M, Iwase T, Kondo SI, Yasuda S, Ueno M, Miki T, Kusaka T. Intravenous Edaravone plus Therapeutic Hypothermia Offers Limited Neuroprotection in the Hypoxic-Ischaemic Newborn Piglet. Neonatology 2020; 117:713-720. [PMID: 33113527 DOI: 10.1159/000511085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a standard therapy for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. One potential additional therapy is the free radical scavenger edaravone (EV; 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one). OBJECTIVES AND METHODS This study aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects of edaravone plus therapeutic hypothermia (TH + EV) with those of TH alone after a hypoxic-ischaemic insult in the newborn piglet. Anaesthetized piglets were subjected to 40 min of hypoxia (3-5% inspired oxygen), and cerebral ischaemia was assessed using cerebral blood volume. Body temperature was maintained at 39.0 ± 0.5°C in the normothermia group (NT, n = 8) and at 33.5 ± 0.5°C (24 h after the insult) in the TH (n = 7) and TH + EV (3 mg/kg intravenous every 12 h for 3 days after the insult; n = 6) groups under mechanical ventilation. RESULTS Five days after the insult, the mean (standard deviation) neurological scores were 10.9 (5.7) in the NT group, 17.0 (0.4) in the TH group (p = 0.025 vs. NT), and 15.0 (3.9) in the TH + EV group. The histopathological score of the TH + EV group showed no significant improvement compared with that of the other groups. CONCLUSION TH + EV had no additive neuroprotective effects after hypoxia-ischaemia in neurological and histopathological assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan,
| | - Yinmon Htun
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Department of Neonatology, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayam, Japan
| | - Wataru Jinnai
- Maternal Perinatal Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakao
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mitsuie
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Koyano
- Maternal Perinatal Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Masashiro Sugino
- Division of Neonatology, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwase
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Sonoko Ijichi Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Saneyuki Yasuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Miki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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