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Mekki SA, Sehlo MG, Youssef UM, Ibraheem OA, Ghazaly MR. The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy versus Notched Sound Therapy in Adults with Chronic Subjective Tinnitus and Normal Hearing. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 28:e634-e642. [PMID: 39464350 PMCID: PMC11511275 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tinnitus can be distressing, and it affects the quality of life (QoL) through psychological and cognitive impairments. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and notched sound therapy (NST) are tinnitus management approaches aiming to reduce symptoms and improve QoL via two different mechanisms. The CBT attains the cognitive principle, whereas the NST initiates tinnitus habituation. Objective To evaluate the effect of CBT and NST and compare their results in the management of chronic subjective tinnitus. Methods The present prospective study involved 64 adults with normal hearing and chronic subjective tinnitus. They were subjected to history taking, basic audiological evaluation, and extended high-frequency audiometry at 10 and 12.5 kHz. The participants were divided into two equal groups, the first treated with CBT and the second treated with NST. The psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus and the Arabic Questionnaire for Tinnitus Reaction (Arabic-QTR) were used to monitor the outcomes of both therapies. Results Both groups showed significant reduction in tinnitus severity according to the Arabic-QTR and tinnitus loudness matching. Improvement in the Arabic-QTR was better in the CBT group, while tinnitus loudness improvement was better in the NST group. Conclusion Both CBT and NST are effective in the management of chronic subjective tinnitus. In a comparison of the effect of the two therapies, CBT was found to be more effective in decreasing tinnitus-related distress, whereas SNT was found to be more helpful in reducing tinnitus loudness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Abdelraouf Mekki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Gamal Sehlo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Ola Abdallah Ibraheem
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mai Ragab Ghazaly
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Tavanai E, Rahimi V, Bandad M, Khalili ME, Fallahnezhad T. Efficacy of tailor-made notched music training (TMNMT) in the treatment of tinnitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:5033-5049. [PMID: 38847844 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous treatment modalities have been suggested for managing tinnitus. Tailor-Made Notched Music Training (TMNMT) is a viable strategy in music therapy for tinnitus management. Many research studies have examined the effectiveness and potential benefits of this intervention. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of TMNMT in treating chronic tinnitus. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis study used a research methodology that covered up until February 2023. The search was conducted across academic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 234 papers were evaluated, and seven relevant clinical trials were included. RESULTS The meta-analysis, which included five studies using the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), showed no statistically significant effect of TMNMT on tinnitus handicap after 3 and 6 months of intervention (dppc2: - 0.99, 95%CI - 2.94 to 0.96; I2 = 79.96%, p = 0.00), (dppc2 - 1.81, 95%CI - 5.63 to 2.01; I2 = 79.96%, p = 0.00). However, four out of five studies using the total Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) or its subscale showed positive effects of TMNMT on chronic tinnitus. Unfortunately, there were not enough articles to conduct a meta-analysis on this outcome. CONCLUSION Although the meta-analysis did not show a statistically significant effect of TMNMT on tinnitus handicap, the large effect size observed after at least 3 months of intervention suggests that this method may potentially decrease tinnitus handicap if more studies are conducted. Due to the limited number of studies, subgroup analysis could not be performed to analyze potential causes of heterogeneity. Therefore, further high-quality clinical trials are necessary to draw a definitive conclusion and evaluate the impact of different variables, techniques, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Tavanai
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Street, Pich-E-Shemiran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vida Rahimi
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Street, Pich-E-Shemiran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Bandad
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Street, Pich-E-Shemiran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Tayyebe Fallahnezhad
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Street, Pich-E-Shemiran, Tehran, Iran
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Fang A, Zhong P, Pan F, Li Y, He P. Impact of emotional states on tinnitus sound therapy efficacy based on ECG signals and emotion recognition model. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 409:110213. [PMID: 38964476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis and severity assessment of tinnitus are mostly based on the patient's descriptions and subjective questionnaires, which lacks objective means of diagnosis and assessment bases, the accuracy of which fluctuates with the clarity of the patient's description. This complicates the timely modification of treatment strategies or therapeutic music to improve treatment efficacy. NEW METHOD We employed a novel random convolutional kernel-based method for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis to identify patients' emotional states during Music Tinnitus Sound Therapy (Music-TST) sessions. Then analyzed correlations between emotional changes in different treatment phase and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score differences to determine the impact of emotions on tinnitus treatment efficacy. RESULTS This study revealed a significant correlation between patients' emotion changes during Music-TST and the therapy's effectiveness. Changes in arousal and dominance dimension, were strongly linked to THI variations. These findings highlight the substantial impact of emotional responses on sound therapy's efficacy, offering a new perspective for understanding and optimizing tinnitus treatment. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Compared to existing methods, we proposed an objective indicator to assess the progress of sound therapy, the indicator could also be used to provide feedback to optimize sound therapy music. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the critical role of emotion changes in tinnitus sound therapy. By integrating objective ECG-based emotion analysis with traditional subjective scale like THI, we present an innovative approach to assess and potentially optimize therapy effectiveness. This finding could lead to more personalized and effective treatment strategies for tinnitus sound therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancheng Fang
- Sichuan University, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Hearing Center/Hearing and Speech Science Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Sichuan University, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongkang Li
- Sichuan University, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyu He
- Sichuan University, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Chengdu, China.
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Niu Y, You Y. The effect of music therapy on tinnitus: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36199. [PMID: 38115355 PMCID: PMC10727622 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tinnitus is a common otological symptom affecting almost all aspects of life, especially the quality of daily life. The present study aims to analyze music therapy effect on tinnitus patients. This paper mainly analyzes 3 kinds of music therapy: Heidelberg model of music therapy (HMOMT), standard music therapy (SMT), and tailor-made notched music training (TMNMT). To provide a reference for the follow-up treatment of tinnitus, whether to take and what kind of music therapy. METHOD A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and MEDLINE to obtain potential studies from their inception to May 2023 in all languages. Two researchers independently screened the studies, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the included studies. We included all randomized and non-randomized controlled trials that used music therapy to treat patients with tinnitus. We used fixed-effects and random-effect models to analyze data based on the heterogeneity results. The data analysis was performed by using Stata 12.0. RESULTS A total of 19 studies with 904 cases were included. Compared with before treatment, music therapy significantly reduces the tinnitus questionnaire score and tinnitus handicap inventory score. HMOMT, SMT, and TMNMT all significantly decrease tinnitus scores. Although the order of effectiveness of the 3 drugs is TMNMT > SMT > HMOMT, there is no statistical significance (P > .5). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis of accumulated clinical trial data suggests that music therapy can relieve tinnitus symptoms and loudness. Among music therapies, SMT is recommended first for tinnitus based on cost, efficacy, and convenience. At the same time, TMNMT and HMOMT can be used as alternative therapies for specific cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlian Niu
- Department of Neurology, Chongming Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijie You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongming Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Chen J, He T, Qi L, Zhong P, Li G, Pan F, He P, Zheng Y. An investigation of effects of a non-repetitive preferred music on physiological responses amongst a group of chronic tinnitus patients. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2023.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Mazurek B, Hesse G, Sattel H, Kratzsch V, Lahmann C, Dobel C. S3 Guideline: Chronic Tinnitus : German Society for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery e. V. (DGHNO-KHC). HNO 2022; 70:795-827. [PMID: 36227338 PMCID: PMC9581878 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-022-01207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Mazurek
- Tinnituszentrum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Hesse
- Tinnitus-Klinik, KH Bad Arolsen, Große Allee 50, 34454, Bad Arolsen, Germany.
- Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.
| | - Heribert Sattel
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Technical University of Munich, Langerstr. 3, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Kratzsch
- Abt. Hörbehinderung, Tinnitus und Schwindelerkrankungen, VAMED Rehaklinik Bad Grönenbach, Sebastian-Kneipp-Allee 3-5, 87730, Bad Grönenbach, Germany
| | - Claas Lahmann
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Hauptstr. 8, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Dobel
- Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
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Dür M, Wenzel C, Simon P, Tucek G. Patients' and professionals' perspectives on the consideration of patients' convenient therapy periods as part of personalised rehabilitation: a focus group study with patients and therapists from inpatient neurological rehabilitation. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:372. [PMID: 35313879 PMCID: PMC8939130 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the optimal period for administering health services, especially rehabilitation interventions, is scarce. The aims of this study were to explore the construct of patients' convenient therapy periods and to identify indicators based on the perspectives of patients and different health professionals from inpatient neurological rehabilitation clinics. METHODS This study was part of a larger project on patients' convenient therapy periods following a mixed methods approach. In the current study a grounded theory approach was employed based on the use of focus group interviews. Focus group interviews were conducted in three different inpatient neurological rehabilitation clinics. Patients and therapists from inpatient neurological rehabilitation clinics who were able to speak and to participate in conversations were included. RESULTS A total of 41 persons, including 23 patients and 18 therapists, such as music and occupational therapists, participated in a total of six focus group interviews. The analysis of the focus group interviews resulted in the identification of a total of 1261 codes, which could be summarised in fifteen categories. However, these categories could be divided into five indicators and ten impact factors of convenient therapy periods. Identified indicators were verbal and non-verbal communication, mental functions, physiological needs, recreational needs, and therapy initiation. CONCLUSIONS The results provide initial evidence that convenient therapy periods are clinically relevant for patients and therapists. Different states of patients' ability to effectively participate in a rehabilitation intervention exist. A systematic consideration of patients' convenient therapy periods could contribute to a personalised and more efficient delivery of intervention in neurological rehabilitation. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first attempts to research convenient therapy periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dür
- Department of Health Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences, Applied Health Sciences Master Degree Programme, Piaristengasse 1, 3500, Krems, Austria. .,IMC University of Applied Sciences, Josef Ressel Centre for Horizons of personalised music therapy, University of Applied Sciences Krems, Piaristengasse 1, 3500, Krems, Austria. .,Duervation, Spitalgasse 6/1, 3500, Krems, Austria.
| | - Claudia Wenzel
- IMC University of Applied Sciences, Josef Ressel Centre for Horizons of personalised music therapy, University of Applied Sciences Krems, Piaristengasse 1, 3500, Krems, Austria.,Department of Health Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences, Music Therapy Bachelor and Master Degree Programme, Piaristengasse 1, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Patrick Simon
- IMC University of Applied Sciences, Josef Ressel Centre for Horizons of personalised music therapy, University of Applied Sciences Krems, Piaristengasse 1, 3500, Krems, Austria.,Department of Health Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences, Music Therapy Bachelor and Master Degree Programme, Piaristengasse 1, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Gerhard Tucek
- IMC University of Applied Sciences, Josef Ressel Centre for Horizons of personalised music therapy, University of Applied Sciences Krems, Piaristengasse 1, 3500, Krems, Austria.,Department of Health Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences, Music Therapy Bachelor and Master Degree Programme, Piaristengasse 1, 3500, Krems, Austria
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Attar N, Al-Hroub A, El Zein F. Effects of Three Music Therapy Interventions on the Verbal Expressions of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Combined Single-Subject Design. Front Psychol 2022; 13:819473. [PMID: 35310290 PMCID: PMC8931400 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.819473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific aims of this research study were to (a) examine the differential effect of three different music interventions, namely the interactive music playing therapy ("music and singing"), interaction music singing therapy ("singing"), and receptive music therapy ("listening") studying the varying latency periods in the response time it took 3-year-old children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to elicit the target word vocally; and (b) assess the index of happiness of children with ASD after the implementation of the three music interventions, which can, in turn, be used to influence their overall quality of life through this specific intervention. This study used a combined single-subject research design consisting of delayed multiple baseline across the participants and a multielement design to compare the effects of each music intervention technique targeting the child's verbal response during playback of a practiced song. Findings demonstrated "singing" to be associated with the lowest latency compared to the other two interventions ("listening" and "singing and music") across participants. Additionally, happiness levels varied from neutral to happy, signifying an overall positive experience during participation in the music applied behavior analysis (ABA) intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayla Attar
- Department of Education, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anies Al-Hroub
- Department of Education, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah El Zein
- Emirates College for Advanced Education, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Li F, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Chen T. Effects of different personalised sound therapies in tinnitus patients with hearing loss of various extents. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14893. [PMID: 34541744 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited by difficulties in choosing the appropriate sound, sound therapies could only effectively restrain the development of tinnitus in some patients. Thus, individualised sound therapies are of urgent needs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect of different individualised sound therapies in tinnitus patients complicated with hearing loss of various extents. RESEARCH DESIGN Participants were assigned to two different personalised sound therapies as counterbalanced by age and gender in this observational study. STUDY SAMPLE Ninety-two tinnitus patients with hearing loss admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were enrolled and evenly grouped as the observation group and the control group in accordance with the random number table. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSES Tinnitus characteristics of both the groups were determined before treatment. Patients from the observation group received pure tone sound therapy composed of 7 octaves (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 kHz) based on frequencies determined from their tinnitus characteristics. The control group received pure tone sound therapy composed of 9 one-third octaves based on their tinnitus characteristics. RESULTS The observation group had better therapeutic effects than that in the control group (91.30% vs 73.91%, P < .05). After 1 week, and 1- to 3-month treatment, patients in the observation group all presented with decreased tinnitus handicap, decreased tinnitus volume and improved sleep quality compared with the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSION This study found that both personalised sound therapies were effective in tinnitus treatment while 7-octave pure tone adjusted from tinnitus frequencies were more promising in decreasing tinnitus handicap and tinnitus volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- E.N.T. Department, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Jiang
- E.N.T. Department, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianbin Chen
- E.N.T. Department, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Wang J, Ding J, Song J, Hu L, Cong N, Han Z. A Prospective Study of the Effect of Tinnitus Sound Matching Degree on the Efficacy of Customized Sound Therapy in Patients with Chronic Tinnitus. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2021; 84:229-237. [PMID: 34482306 DOI: 10.1159/000517631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore and compare the customized sound therapy effect between tinnitus sound matching and nonmatching patients in tinnitus customized sound therapy and therapy-related influencing factors. METHODS This prospective study investigated a total of 100 patients with unilateral chronic tinnitus who received customized sound therapy. The participants were dichotomously divided into matching (group A) and nonmatching (group B) groups after 4 stages of tinnitus matching via the tinnitus assistant app (provided by Sound Ocean Company, SuZhou, China). Each group consists of 50 participants. Before and 6 months after the treatment, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), and tinnitus loudness Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the customized sound therapy effect and explore other related influencing factors. RESULTS (1) The HADS-A, HADS-D, THI, and VAS scores of 2 groups were both significantly decreased after treatment. (2) The HADS-A and THI scores improved markedly in group A than that in group B, which could be related to the hearing loss of the tinnitus side ear before treatment; the lighter the degree of hearing loss, the better the improvement. No statistically significant differences were detected in HADS-D and VAS scores between the 2 groups, and also, these were not related to the degree of hearing loss. The differences in age, gender, and tinnitus duration did not show any statistically significant effect on the improvement of the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Both tinnitus sound matching and nonmatching of the customized sound therapy brought a significant effect to tinnitus participants. Our study also suggests that THI and HADS-A scores of those with tinnitus matching participants improved markedly as compared to those of nonmatching participants, and the customized sound therapy effect is negatively correlated with the severity of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinYu Wang
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Auditory Medical Center, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Ding
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Auditory Medical Center, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Auditory Medical Center, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Auditory Medical Center, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Cong
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Auditory Medical Center, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Han
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, HuaDong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kikidis D, Vassou E, Schlee W, Iliadou E, Markatos N, Triantafyllou A, Langguth B. Methodological Aspects of Randomized Controlled Trials for Tinnitus: A Systematic Review and How a Decision Support System Could Overcome Barriers. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1737. [PMID: 33923778 PMCID: PMC8074073 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a wide range of tinnitus management interventions is currently under research and a variety of therapeutic interventions have already been applied in clinical practice, no optimal and universal tinnitus treatment has been reached yet. This fact is to some extent a consequence of the high heterogeneity of the methodologies used in tinnitus related clinical studies. In this manuscript, we have identified, summarized, and critically appraised tinnitus-related randomized clinical trials since 2010, aiming at systematically mapping the research conducted in this area. The results of our analysis of the 73 included randomized clinical trials provide important insight on the identification of limitations of previous works, methodological pitfalls or gaps in current knowledge, a prerequisite for the adequate interpretation of current literature and execution of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kikidis
- First Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (E.I.); (N.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Evgenia Vassou
- First Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (E.I.); (N.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Winfried Schlee
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (W.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Eleftheria Iliadou
- First Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (E.I.); (N.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Markatos
- First Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (E.I.); (N.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Aikaterini Triantafyllou
- First Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (E.I.); (N.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Berthold Langguth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (W.S.); (B.L.)
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Noreña AJ, Lacher-Fougère S, Fraysse MJ, Bizaguet E, Grevin P, Thai-Van H, Moati L, Le Pajolec C, Fournier P, Ohresser M. A contribution to the debate on tinnitus definition. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 262:469-485. [PMID: 33931192 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tinnitus is generally defined as an auditory perception in the absence of environmental sound stimulation. However, this definition is quite incomplete as it omits an essential aspect, the patient's point of view. This point of view constitutes, first and foremost, a global and unified lived experience, which is not only sensory (localization, loudness, pitch and tone), but also cognitive (thoughts, attentiveness, behaviors) and emotional (discomfort, suffering). This experience can be lived in a very unpleasant way and consequently have a very negative impact on quality of life. This article proposes and justifies a new definition for tinnitus elaborated by a group of French clinicians and researchers, which is more in line with its phenomenology. It also provides a minimum knowledge base, including possibilities for clinical care, hoping to eradicate all misinformation, misconceptions and inappropriate attitudes or practices toward this condition. Here is the short version of our definition: Tinnitus is an auditory sensation without an external sound stimulation or meaning, which can be lived as an unpleasant experience, possibly impacting quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud J Noreña
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | | | | | | | | | - Hung Thai-Van
- Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Pavillon U, Place d'Arsonval, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Fournier
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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A Three-arm, Single-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Effects of Notched Music Therapy, Conventional Music Therapy, and Counseling on Tinnitus. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:335-340. [PMID: 33290360 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of three common interventions for tinnitus patients: notched music therapy, conventional music therapy, and counseling. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, single-blinded, controlled, three-arm trial. METHOD This study was conducted from January 2018 to January 2019. Eligible subjects were randomized into three groups. The first group received notched music therapy (n = 25), the second received conventional music therapy (n = 24), and the third received counseling only (n = 26). The three groups did not differ in terms of demographic data including age, sex, tinnitus duration, affected side, hearing level, side of tinnitus, and frequency of tinnitus. The patients were followed up on at month 1, 2, and 3 after initiation of therapy. RESULTS Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores gradually decreased in all groups. The mean differences in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score from baseline for patients who received notched music therapy, conventional music therapy, and counseling only were 20.49, 27.83, and 17.79 points, respectively (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference among the groups (p = 0.246). CONCLUSION There was no difference between the treatments. The selection of these therapies for tinnitus treatment may depend on the unique needs and proclivities of patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.in.th/TCTR20180225002.
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Diao M, Tian R, Tian F, Lin X, Sun J. Analysis of the effects and predictors of tailor-made notched music therapy for chronic idiopathic tinnitus patients: Our experience with 70 patients. Clin Otolaryngol 2021; 46:630-634. [PMID: 33340429 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Diao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruru Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangjie Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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Wang H, Tang D, Wu Y, Zhou L, Sun S. The state of the art of sound therapy for subjective tinnitus in adults. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320956426. [PMID: 32973991 PMCID: PMC7493236 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320956426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sound therapy is a clinically common method of tinnitus management. Various forms of sound therapy have been developed, but there are controversies regarding the selection criteria and the efficacy of different forms of sound therapy in the clinic. Our goal was to review the types and forms of sound therapy and our understanding of how the different characteristics of tinnitus patients influence their curative effects so as to provide a reference for personalized choice of tinnitus sound therapy. Method: Using an established methodological framework, a search of six databases including PubMed identified 43 records that met our inclusion criteria. The search strategy used the following key words: tinnitus AND (acoustic OR sound OR music) AND (treatment OR therapy OR management OR intervention OR measure). Results: There are various forms of sound therapy, and most of them show positive therapeutic effects. The effect of customized sound therapy is generally better than that of non-customized sound therapy, and patients with more severe initial tinnitus respond better to sound therapy. Conclusion: Sound therapy can effectively suppress tinnitus, at least in some patients. However, there is a lack of randomized controlled trials to identify effective management strategies. Further studies are needed to identify the most effective form of sound therapy for individualized therapy, and large, multicenter, long-term follow-up studies are still needed in order to develop more effective and targeted sound-therapy protocols. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of individual tinnitus patients and to unify the assessment criteria of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Tang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhen Wu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shanghai High School, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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16
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Chen J, Zhong P, Meng Z, Pan F, Qi L, He T, Lu J, He P, Zheng Y. Investigation on chronic tinnitus efficacy of combination of non-repetitive preferred music and educational counseling: a preliminary study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 278:2745-2752. [PMID: 32892305 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the efficacy of music therapy on tinnitus relief, specific music that was not repetitively played and satisfies individualized preference was developed. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of combination of the specific music and educational counseling on tinnitus relief in short term. METHODS Sixty patients suffering from chronic tinnitus were included. The non-randomized controlled study was designed with two intervention groups: educational counseling (EC, which included a 1-h individualized instruction) and preferred music therapy [PMT, which included EC plus 15, 30-min preferred music sessions (PMS)]. Three assessments-the Chinese-Mandarin version of Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI-CM), Tinnitus Evaluation Questionnaire (TEQ), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were administered before and 1, 2, 3 weeks after initiation of treatment to evaluate the efficacy. RESULTS Twenty-six patients in PMT group attained a clinically meaningful improvement in THI compared to 15 in the EC group, though both groups achieved a statistically relevant reduction in the 3 assessments. CONCLUSION The PMT had a positive impact on chronic tinnitus and related distress in a short term. It outperformed the separate EC, which is an appropriate treatment option in clinic. Therefore, it presents a possible complement to the therapeutic spectrum in chronic tinnitus. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900022624. Registered on 19 April 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Chen
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Hearing Center/Hearing and Speech Science Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoli Meng
- Hearing Center/Hearing and Speech Science Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Pan
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Leiyu Qi
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian He
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingzhe Lu
- Hearing Center/Hearing and Speech Science Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyu He
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yun Zheng
- Hearing Center/Hearing and Speech Science Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Hébert S. Individual Reliability of the Standard Clinical Method vs Patient-Centered Tinnitus Likeness Rating for Assessment of Tinnitus Pitch and Loudness Matching. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 144:1136-1144. [PMID: 30267085 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2018.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Importance Current individualized sound therapies for tinnitus rely on tinnitus pitch assessment, which is commonly derived from the standard clinical 2-alternative forced-choice (2-AFC) approach driven by the examiner. However, this method is limited by lack of individual test-retest reliability and focuses on a single rather than multiple tinnitus frequencies. Objective To assess individual test-retest reliability of the 2-AFC, with a single final frequency (and corresponding loudness), and the tinnitus likeness rating (TLR), with the participant exposed to the entire audible frequency spectrum, from which 3 dominant frequencies and corresponding loudness were extracted. Design, Setting, and Participants In this case series, participants with tinnitus underwent testing twice with both methods at a 1-month interval by experienced clinicians from January 6 through March 17, 2017. Each clinician tested each patient only once at visit 1 or 2 in a university audiology training setting with standardized equipment and was blind to previous assessment. Participants with bilateral or unilateral chronic tinnitus for longer than 6 months, in good health, without total deafness in either ear, and without cerumen in the ear canal were recruited through advertisements (community and clinics) and word of mouth (volunteer sample). The audiologists were likewise participants in the planned comparison between TLR and 2-AFC in the test-retest measures. Main Outcomes and Measures Test-retest concordance with 95% CIs for each method, calculated as the proportion of participants with the same final frequency between the 2 visits (2-AFC) or with at least 1 concordant dominant frequency (TLR) as well as loudness differences of no greater than 10 dB. Results The study sample included 31 participants (55% men; mean [SD] age, 50.7 [13.7] years). For TLR, 26 of 31 participants had at least 1 concordant dominant frequency between the 2 visits (proportion, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.66-0.95), whereas for 2-AFC, 7 of 31 participants had a concordant final tinnitus pitch in either ear (proportion, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.10-0.41). Loudness reliability followed the same pattern, with more concordant loudness levels in the TLR (proportion, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.52-0.88) than in the 2-AFC (proportion, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.05-0.85). Mean time taken to complete the tests was less than 15 minutes, and general appreciation by participants with tinnitus and audiologists were overall similar for both. Conclusions and Relevance Superior test-retest concordance can be demonstrated at the individual level using the several dominant frequencies extracted from the patient-centered TLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Hébert
- School of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Faculty of Medicine, University de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,International Laboratory for Research on Brain, Music, and Sound, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Lim KH, Nam KJ, Rah YC, Cha J, Lee SJ, Lee MG, Choi J. The Effect of Natural Ocean Sound Exposure and Ocean-Side Relaxation on Chronic Tinnitus Patients: A Pilot Study in Korea. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2019; 100:NP256-NP262. [PMID: 31565998 DOI: 10.1177/0145561319873907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sound therapy is a treatment modality for tinnitus patients by increasing the background neuronal activity in the auditory system and inducing relative alleviation of the tinnitus. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of natural ocean sound exposure and ocean-side relaxation in chronic tinnitus patients. We prospectively enrolled all 18 chronic tinnitus patients (≥6 months) from July to November 2018. All patients completed 90 hours of our programs. The improvement in their subjective tinnitus severity, moods, the quality of life, and sleep was serially assessed using several questionnaires at baseline, immediately, and 1 month after the program. Changes in serum stress hormone levels of the patients were also compared between the baseline and immediately after the program. Average total Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire score and factor 2 (hearing difficulty related to tinnitus) score significantly improved over time (P = .024 and P = .002). Patient's serum cortisol and epinephrine level did not show significant decrease, and serum norepinephrine and serotonin level significantly increased immediately after our program (P < .001 and P < .001). Natural ocean sound exposure and ocean-side relaxation for short-term period has a potential efficacy on chronic tinnitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hyeon Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Jin Nam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Chan Rah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyung Cha
- Medical Science Research Center, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jae Lee
- Center for Integrative Medicine, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Physiology, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sheppard A, Stocking C, Ralli M, Salvi R. A review of auditory gain, low-level noise and sound therapy for tinnitus and hyperacusis. Int J Audiol 2019; 59:5-15. [DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2019.1660812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sheppard
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christina Stocking
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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20
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Pienkowski M. Rationale and Efficacy of Sound Therapies for Tinnitus and Hyperacusis. Neuroscience 2019; 407:120-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Cima RFF, Mazurek B, Haider H, Kikidis D, Lapira A, Noreña A, Hoare DJ. A multidisciplinary European guideline for tinnitus: diagnostics, assessment, and treatment. HNO 2019; 67:10-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00106-019-0633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Strange J. Text Watch. BRITISH JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1359457517737743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Searchfield GD, Durai M, Linford T. A State-of-the-Art Review: Personalization of Tinnitus Sound Therapy. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1599. [PMID: 28970812 PMCID: PMC5609106 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are several established, and an increasing number of putative, therapies using sound to treat tinnitus. There appear to be few guidelines for sound therapy selection and application. Aim: To review current approaches to personalizing sound therapy for tinnitus. Methods: A "state-of-the-art" review (Grant and Booth, 2009) was undertaken to answer the question: how do current sound-based therapies for tinnitus adjust for tinnitus heterogeneity? Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase and PubMed were searched for the 10-year period 2006-2016. The search strategy used the following key words: "tinnitus" AND "sound" AND "therapy" AND "guidelines" OR "personalized" OR "customized" OR "individual" OR "questionnaire" OR "selection." The results of the review were cataloged and organized into themes. Results: In total 165 articles were reviewed in full, 83 contained sufficient details to contribute to answering the study question. The key themes identified were hearing compensation, pitched-match therapy, maskability, reaction to sound and psychosocial factors. Although many therapies mentioned customization, few could be classified as being personalized. Several psychoacoustic and questionnaire-based methods for assisting treatment selection were identified. Conclusions: Assessment methods are available to assist clinicians to personalize sound-therapy and empower patients to be active in therapy decision-making. Most current therapies are modified using only one characteristic of the individual and/or their tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant D. Searchfield
- Section of Audiology, Eisdell Moore Centre, The University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
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