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Ren L, Peng H, Mu H, Li J, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Xuan Q, Zhang X, Dai X, Chen Y, Fan M, Mo F, Li B, Yan L, Zheng G. 28-day repeated-dose toxicity of orally administered Jinmao Jiedu granule in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1242:124176. [PMID: 38870606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Jinmao Jiedu granule is a Chinese medicine preparation consisting of Actinidia valvata Dunn, Salvia chinensis Benth, Iphigenia indica Kunth, and chicken gizzard. For many years, it has been employed in adjuvant therapy for cancer, especially liver cancer. However, the potential toxicity of the granule has not been reported. The present study aimed to assess the repeated-dose toxicity of orally administered Jinmao Jiedu granules for Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats were orally administered Jinmao Jiedu granules at doses of 2.85, 5.70, and 11.40 g/kg in a 28-day subchronic toxicity study. No adverse clinical signs associated with treatment were noted throughout the experiment. There were no treatment-related toxicity alterations in body weight, hematology, clinical biochemistry, urinalysis, necropsy, and histopathology in rats compared with the control group. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of the Jinmao Jiedu granule was higher than 11.40 g/kg/day in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ren
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Mu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xibin Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Company Limited, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiwen Xuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiayan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dai
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minwei Fan
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Company Limited, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fengfeng Mo
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bai Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lang Yan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Guoyin Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Chen SL, Lin WC, Chen YC, Chen JL, Wu YH, Yang SH, Chen HY. The association between mortality and use of Chinese herbal medicine among incident stage IV esophageal cancer patients: A retrospective cohort study with core herbs exploration. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1018281. [PMID: 36278218 PMCID: PMC9582778 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1018281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a leading cause of death worldwide and in Taiwan. The prognosis of advanced-stage EC is notably poor, and the treatment options are limited. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely used as a complementary treatment for cancer, yet the long-term effect of CHM in stage IV EC remains unclear. The multi-institutional cohort obtained from the Chang Gung research database (CGRD) was used to study the long-term outcome of CHM use among incident stage IV EC patients from 1 January 2002, to 31 December 2018. All patients were followed up to 5 years or the occurrence of death. The overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival rates were conducted using Kaplan-Meier estimation. Overlap weighing and landmark analysis were used to eliminate confounding and immortal time biases. Furthermore, we demonstrated the core CHMs for stage IV EC by using the Chinese herbal medicine network (CMN) analysis on prescriptions. Nine hundred eighty-five stage IV EC patients were analyzed, including 74 CHM users and 911 non-CHM users. We found the use of CHM was associated with a higher 5-year overall survival rate than CHM nonusers (the cumulative probability: 19.52% versus 6.04%, log-rank test: p < 0.001, and the p < 0.001 with overlap weighting). In addition, the overall median survival time was about 7 months longer among CHM users. Moreover, the lower 1-, 3-, 5-year disease-specific survival rates were higher among CHM users. Additionally, the risk of all-cause mortality was lower among CHM users when considering accessible demographic covariates (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.39, 0.89, p = 0.011). Furthermore, the CMN analysis revealed that CHMs improved health while relieving tumor burden. For example, Hedyotis diffusa Willd. was the core CHM with an anti-cancer effect, while Fritillaria thunbergii Miq and Sevilla maindronide Rochebrune were used together to relieve cancer-related gastrointestinal discomfort. The use of CHM seems safe and possibly beneficial among stage IV EC patients with a higher 5-year OS. Further clinical trials on CHM were guaranteed to explore the role of CHM in managing stage IV EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Chen
- Division of Chinese Internal and Pediatric Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Liang Chen
- Division of Chinese Internal and Pediatric Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Wu
- Division of Chinese Internal and Pediatric Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sien-Hung Yang
- Division of Chinese Internal and Pediatric Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yu Chen
- Division of Chinese Internal and Pediatric Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hsing-Yu Chen,
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Huo X, Pei Z, Wang W, Liu Y, Sun J, Wang H, Ai N. Lentinan Enhances the Function of Oxaliplatin on the Esophageal Tumors by Persuading Immunogenic Cell Death. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2296574. [PMID: 35844448 PMCID: PMC9286936 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2296574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective The focus of this research was to look at the effects of the combination of the lentinan (LNT) and oxaliplatin (Oxa) on the apoptosis of human esophageal cancer cells, as well as the underlying mechanism. Methods LNT and Oxa were used to treat EC-109 human esophageal cancerous cells at various doses, and the cell survival rate was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. In addition, 24 h after treatment of EC-109 cells with a combination of LNT and Oxa, flow cytometry was used to analyze their apoptotic effect on these cells. Additionally, LNT on EC-109 cell apoptotic upshot was assessed via measuring the consequence of LNT on the mRNA and protein expression levels pertaining to immunogenic cell death factors CALR, HSP90, and HSP70 by qPCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and western blot analysis, correspondingly. Results Cell proliferation was inhibited only when EC-109 cells were added with LNT at 1,200 μg/mL to the maximum concentrations, but the combination of LNT and Oxa at a low dose (800 μg/mL and 20 μM, respectively) significantly increased their sensitivity to Oxa and reduced their proliferation (P < 0.05), and their apoptosis was significantly increased by LNT (P < 0.05). The immunogenic cell death-related genes CALR, HSP90, and HSP70 had dramatically enhanced mRNA and protein expression levels after therapy with a combination of LNT and Oxa (P < 0.05). Conclusion These data imply that LNT increases the susceptibility of esophageal cancerous cells to Oxa by driving EC-109 cells to display immunogenic death. Therefore, LNT combined with Oxa may be an effective method in esophageal cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Huo
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Pei
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Nanping Ai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China
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Cao L, Wang X, Zhu G, Li S, Wang H, Wu J, Lu T, Li J. Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: A Literature Review. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211061720. [PMID: 34825600 PMCID: PMC8649093 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211061720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Western medicine has played a leading role in its treatment, but its prognosis remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, the development of effective therapies is important. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years, and involves taking measures before diseases occur, deteriorate, and recur. Interestingly, there is growing evidence that TCM can improve the therapeutic effects in reversing precancerous lesions, inhibiting the recurrence and metastasis of EC. In this article, we review traditional Chinese herbs and formulas that have preventive and therapeutic effects on EC, summarize the application and research status of TCM in patients with EC, and discuss its shortcomings and prospects in the context of translational, evidence-based, and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchang Cao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shixin Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Taicheng Lu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang D, Wu J, Wang H, Zhou W, Ni M, Liu X, Zhang X. Systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing Chinese herbal injections with chemotherapy for treating patients with esophageal cancer. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519898336. [PMID: 31948305 PMCID: PMC7113717 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519898336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haojia Wang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Ni
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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6
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Wu Q, Dai T, Song J, Liu X, Song S, Li L, Liu J, Pugazhendhi A, Jacob JA. Effects of herbal and mushroom formulations used in Traditional Chinese Medicine on in vitro human cancer cell lines at the preclinical level: An empirical review of the cell killing mechanisms. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang D, Ni M, Wu J, Liu S, Meng Z, Tian J, Zhang X, Zhang B. The Optimal Chinese Herbal Injections for Use With Radiotherapy to Treat Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1470. [PMID: 30662402 PMCID: PMC6329258 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Esophageal cancer is one of the most common human cancers, and its incidence is highly endemic in China. The combination of Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) and radiotherapy should be informed by the best available evidence. Aim of the study: To update and expand on previous work in order to compare and rank the efficacy and safety of CHIs in combination with radiotherapy to treat esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: We searched several electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding CHIs to treat esophageal cancer from their inception to March 15, 2017. In a network meta-analysis (NMA), the bias of the included trials was assessed by two individuals independently in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Outcomes such as the clinical effectiveness rate, performance status, adverse reactions (ADRs), and survival rate were evaluated. We performed a random-effects NMA to obtain estimates of efficacy and safety outcomes, and we present these estimates as odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated via Stata 13.1 and WinBUGS 1.4 software. Furthermore, the surface under cumulative the ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to rank the efficacy and safety of different CHIs in relation to each outcome. Results: Of 685 identified trials, 55 were eligible for inclusion in the study. These 55 trials included 12 CHIs and 4,114 participants. The cluster analysis results suggested that Compound kushen injection therapy is the optimal CHI treatment for patients with esophageal cancer in terms of improving the clinical effectiveness rate and performance status. Huachansu and Kangai injection are superior in improving 1-year and 2-year survival rates. Lentinan injection may be considered a favorable choice for reliving ADRs, and Compound kushen injection may provide treatment benefits by reducing both gastrointestinal reaction and radiation esophagitis. Conclusions: The current clinical evidence indicated that Compound kushen injection combined with radiotherapy is the most preferable and beneficial option for patients with esophageal cancer in terms of efficacy and safety. However, the results of our study should be interpreted with caution given the limitations of the sample size and the methodological quality of the included trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Ni
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Li D, Jin F, Ni T, Tao L, Wang H, Shi Q, Qian Y, Liu Y, Diao Y. Mechanism of Jinlong Capsule (JLC) in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) via the MAPK Signal Pathway. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.74.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Fu C, Li J, Aipire A, Xia L, Yang Y, Chen Q, Lv J, Wang X, Li J. Cistanche tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides induce apoptosis in Eca-109 cells via the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:303-313. [PMID: 30655768 PMCID: PMC6313098 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cistanche tubulosa has various biological functions. In the present study, the antitumor effect of water-soluble phenylethanoid glycosides of C. tubulosa (CTPG-W) on esophageal cancer was investigated. Eca-109 cells were treated with CTPG-W and the cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The apoptosis, cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and reactive oxygen species were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of proteins in apoptotic pathways were detected by western blot analysis. It was determined that CTPG-W significantly reduced the viability of Eca-109 cells through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Following CTPG-W treatment, the Δψm of Eca-109 was notably decreased, which is associated with the upregulated levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X and downregulated levels of Bcl-2. Consequently, the levels of cytochrome c and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase were increased, which upregulated the levels of cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and cleaved-caspase-3, −7 and −9, but not caspase-8. Correspondingly, the levels of reactive oxygen species in Eca-109 cells demonstrated notable changes. These results indicated that CTPG-W induced apoptosis of Eca-109 cells through a mitochondrial-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshuang Fu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Adila Aipire
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Xia
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lv
- College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
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