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Biswas S, Manekar S, Bakshi SR. A Case Study on PPM1D and 9 Other Shared Germline Alterations in a Family. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2129-2134. [PMID: 37378944 PMCID: PMC10505862 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.6.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of high-throughput genotyping techniques has enabled us to identify the rare germline genetic variants with different pathogenicity and penetrance, and understand their role in cancer predisposition. We report here a familial cancer case, a study from Western Indian. METHODS NGS-WES was carried out in a lung cancer patient who has a family history of multiple cancers across generations, including tongue, lung, brain, cervical, urothelial, and esophageal cancer. The results were validated by data mining from available data bases. I-TASSER, RasMol and PyMol were used for protein structure modelling. RESULTS The sequencing by NGS-WES revealed PPM1D c.1654C>T (p.Arg552Ter) mutation in hotspot region exon 6 leading to sudden protein truncation and loss of the C-terminal, due to the substitution of C>T. This mutation was classified as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS), due to limited data on lung cancer, The three unaffected siblings of proband did not show any pathogenic variants and comparative analysis of the four siblings indicate 9 shared genetic variants, classified as benign as per ClinVar. CONCLUSION PPM1D constitutional genetic alterations are rare and uncommon in different ethnic populations. This gene encodes a phosphatase playing role in regulating the P53 tumor suppressor pathway and DNA damage response. Genetic alterations in the PPM1D gene maybe linked to history of gliomas, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer onset in the proband's family. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Biswas
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat India.
| | - Swati Manekar
- Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Gujarat India.
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Tarapara B, Shah F. An in-silico analysis to identify structural, functional and regulatory role of SNPs in hMRE11. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2160-2174. [PMID: 35048780 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2028678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination 11 (MRE11) is a component of the tri-molecular MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex, which functions as an exonuclease and endonuclease which is involved in identifying, signalling, protecting and repairing double-strand breaks in DNA (DSBs). Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder (ATLD) 1 and Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS)-like disorder are MRE11 associated diseases. In the present study, we used an integrated computational approach to identify the most deleterious SNPs and their structural and functional impact on human MRE11. Five of the 68 observed non-synonymous SNP (nsSNPs; I162T, S273C, W210C, D311Y and R364L) should be worked on due to their strong possible pathogenicity and the risk of changing protein properties. All the nsSNPs were highly conserved and decrease the protein stability located in the MRE11 nuclease and MRE11 DNA binding presumed domain. R364L and I162T were predicted to be involved in post-translational modification (PTM) sites. Furthermore, we also analysed the regulatory effect of noncoding SNPs on MRE11 gene regulation in which 6 SNPs were found to affect gene regulation. All six noncoding SNPs predicted chromatin interactive site whereas only one SNP was noted its association with miRNA binding site which disrupts 5 miRNA conserved site. These findings help future studies to get more insights into the role of these variants in the alteration of the MRE11 function. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomi Tarapara
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stem Cell Biology Lab, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Franky Shah
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stem Cell Biology Lab, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
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Aoude LG, Bonazzi VF, Brosda S, Patel K, Koufariotis LT, Oey H, Nones K, Wood S, Pearson JV, Lonie JM, Arneil M, Atkinson V, Smithers BM, Waddell N, Barbour AP. Pathogenic germline variants are associated with poor survival in stage III/IV melanoma patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17687. [PMID: 33077847 PMCID: PMC7572377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with late stage resected cutaneous melanoma have poor overall survival (OS) and experience irreversible adverse events from systemic therapy. There is a clinical need to identify biomarkers to predict outcome. Performing germline/tumour whole-exome sequencing of 44 stage III/IV melanoma patients we identified pathogenic germline mutations in CDKN2A, CDK4, ATM, POLH, MRE11A, RECQL4 and XPC, affecting 7/44 patients. These mutations were associated with poor OS (p = 0.0082). We confirmed our findings in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) human skin cutaneous melanoma cohort where we identified pathogenic variants in 40/455 patients (p = 0.0203). Combining these cohorts (n = 499) further strengthened these findings showing germline carriers had worse OS (p = 0.0009). Additionally, we determined whether tumour mutation burden (TMB) or BRAF status were prognostic markers of survival. Low TMB rate (< 20 Mut/Mb; p = 0.0034) and BRAF p.V600 mutation (p = 0.0355) were associated with worse progression-free survival. Combining these biomarkers indicated that V600 mutant patients had significantly lower TMB (p = 0.0155). This was confirmed in the TCGA (n = 443, p = 0.0007). Integrative analysis showed germline mutation status conferred the highest risk (HR 5.2, 95% CI 1.72–15.7). Stage IV (HR 2.5, 0.74–8.6) and low TMB (HR 2.3, 0.57–9.4) were similar, whereas BRAF V600 status was the weakest prognostic biomarker (HR 1.5, 95% CI 0.44–5.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Aoude
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Vanessa F Bonazzi
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Sandra Brosda
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Kalpana Patel
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | | | - Harald Oey
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Scott Wood
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - John V Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - James M Lonie
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Melissa Arneil
- Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Victoria Atkinson
- Queensland Melanoma Project, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - B Mark Smithers
- Queensland Melanoma Project, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Andrew P Barbour
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Queensland Melanoma Project, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
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