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de Barros RA, Rodrigues MA, Ambrósio SR, SolaVeneziani RC, Júnior DP, Parreira RLT, Ambrósio MALV, de Souza Silva T, de Freitas Pereira L, Pessinato MG, da Silva Cardoso de Brito VJ, Branco CH, Dias FGG. Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride as promising active ingredient for oral antiseptic products to eliminate microorganisms threatening the health of endangered wild cats: a comparative study with chlorhexidine digluconate. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:3211-3220. [PMID: 37651088 PMCID: PMC10689303 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of polyhexamethylene hydrochloride guanidine (PHMGH) compared to chlorhexidine digluconate (CLX) for use as an oral antiseptic during dental procedures in wild cats. This research is crucial due to limited information on the diversity of oral microorganisms in wild cats and the detrimental local and systemic effects of oral diseases, which highlights the importance of improving prevention and treatment strategies. Samples were collected from the oral cavities of four Puma concolor, one Panthera onca, and one Panthera leo, and the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was counted and semi-automatically identified. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates was determined using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill kinetics of PHMGH and CLX. A total of 16 bacterial isolates were identified, consisting of six Gram-positive and 10 Gram-negative. PHMGH displayed MIC and MBC from 0.24 to 125.00 μg/mL, lower than those of CLX against three isolates. Time-kill kinetics showed that PHMGH reduced the microbial load by over 90% for all microorganisms within 30 min, whereas CLX did not. Only two Gram-positive isolates exposed to the polymer showed incomplete elimination after 60 min of contact. The results could aid in the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for oral diseases in large felids. PHMGH showed promising potential at low concentrations and short contact times compared to the commercial product CLX, making it a possible active ingredient in oral antiseptic products for veterinary use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Alves de Barros
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, CEP 14, Franca, SP, 404-600, Brazil
| | - Marcela Aldrovani Rodrigues
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, CEP 14, Franca, SP, 404-600, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, CEP 14, Franca, SP, 404-600, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cássio SolaVeneziani
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, CEP 14, Franca, SP, 404-600, Brazil
| | - Daniel Paulino Júnior
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, CEP 14, Franca, SP, 404-600, Brazil
| | - Renato Luis Tame Parreira
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Sciences, University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, CEP 14, Franca, SP, 404-600, Brazil
| | - Maria Anita Lemos Vasconcelos Ambrósio
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Sciences, University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, CEP 14, Franca, SP, 404-600, Brazil
| | - Thayná de Souza Silva
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Sciences, University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, CEP 14, Franca, SP, 404-600, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Freitas Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, CEP 14, Franca, SP, 404-600, Brazil
| | - Messias Gonçalves Pessinato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, CEP 14, Franca, SP, 404-600, Brazil
| | - Vinícius José da Silva Cardoso de Brito
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Milton Santos, s/n° - Ondina, CEP, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - César Henrique Branco
- Fábio Barreto Municipal Zoo Forest, Rua da Liberdade, s/n°, Campos Elísios, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14085-250, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gosuen Gonçalves Dias
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, CEP 14, Franca, SP, 404-600, Brazil.
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Nair DK, Shanthi B, Nandu Baby P. Comparison of Microalbuminuria Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Chronic Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e27383. [PMID: 36046275 PMCID: PMC9419016 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes has increased the risk for various other ailments in various organs of the body. This can be contributing to periodontitis also as it is the sixth complication related to diabetes mellitus. There is a bidirectional relationship between both. Given the high global prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with periodontitis, it is of great importance to determine the link between periodontitis and microalbuminuria in T2DM patients, which shows early renal disease. Methodology In the present study, a total of 500 patients having T2DM were assessed for periodontitis using Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were obtained. Blood samples were estimated for glycemic control tests such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile. The subjects who participated in the study were categorized into three groups depending on the albuminuria level. The data were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS Statistics software (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA). Results Out of 500 T2DM subjects, 342 subjects had periodontitis. A statistically significant difference was found in FPG, HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) between subjects with periodontitis and without periodontitis using a t-test (p = <0.001). The prevalence of normoalbuminuria, micro-, and macroalbuminuria among periodontitis patients was 24.6%, 72.8%, and 2.6% respectively, and the Chi-square analysis revealed that was highly significant. In terms of albuminuria, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed statistically significant differences among the periodontitis subjects for the following variables: inputs such as the number of teeth, diabetes mellitus (DM) duration, the level of LDL, and also the depth of the pocket. Intergroup comparison of variables among subjects with albuminuria using the statistical test of Tukey Post Hoc found that there is a significant difference between normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria. CPI score, tooth mobility, smoking, education level, family income, tooth brushing duration, along with the use of other dental hygiene aids was also found to be statistically significant among subjects with periodontitis. Conclusion The study concluded that T2DM patients had a higher incidence of microalbuminuria among individuals with periodontitis. These subjects also had significantly higher HbA1c and FPG levels than subjects with normoalbuminuria. In addition, subjects with periodontitis exhibited a significant reduction in the total teeth numbers present in the case of albuminuria. The longitudinal correlation between DM, microalbuminuria, and periodontitis could be further investigated in detail to explore possible pathways.
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Association of urinary albumin excretion with periodontal parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. Diabetol Int 2020; 11:121-128. [PMID: 32206482 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-019-00413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Our previous pilot study using patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in one medical clinic showed an association of urinary albumin excretion, a marker of generalized vascular dysfunction and kidney damage, with periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to confirm the association by increasing the number of patients and medical clinics. Methods Participants were 2302 patients (59.9% males, aged 29-93 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 25 medical clinics. Their medical records and information about socioeconomic status and health behavior were collected. Periodontal status was assessed in a nearby dental office. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of log-transformed urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio with periodontal parameters after adjusting for sociodemographic status, general health conditions, and health behaviors. The analyses were performed in all subjects and subjects with normoalbuminuria only. Results Multiple linear regression analysis showed that mean probing pocket depth (beta: 0.062), percentage of sites with probing pocket depth of 4 mm or deeper (beta: 0.068), percentage of mobile teeth (beta: 0.055), and severity of periodontitis (beta: 0.049) were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with log-transformed urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio after adjusting for possible confounders in all subjects. However, no significant associations between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and periodontal parameters were observed in subjects with normoalbuminuria only. Conclusions These results suggest that periodontitis is associated with urinary albumin excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Collaboration between medical and dental healthcare providers is needed for treatment of diabetes and periodontitis.
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Wang TC, Chang TY, Salvi R, Juan CJ, Liu YW, Chang CH, Chiu CJ, Lin CD, Tsai MH. Low-grade albuminuria is associated with hearing loss in non-diabetic US males: A cross-sectional analysis of 1999-2004 national health and nutrition examination survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19284. [PMID: 32176052 PMCID: PMC7220087 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of albuminuria have been demonstrated to associate with hearing loss in non-diabetic people, while the clinical impact of low-grade albuminuria has attracted less attention. This cross-sectional population-based study aimed to examine whether hearing loss in non-diabetic United States (US) adults is independently associated with low-grade albuminuria or reduced estimated glomeruli filtration rate (eGFR).A total of 2518 participants aged 20 to 69 years were selected from the US National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey database. Participants with diabetes or high-grade albuminuria were excluded. Hearing loss was assessed using low-frequency pure-tone average (LFPTA) thresholds (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 kHz) and high-frequency pure-tone average (HFPTA) thresholds (3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 kHz). Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between renal function indicators and hearing loss.The median age of included participants was 37.4 years, and 55% of them were female. Multivariate analysis revealed that participants with urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in the highest tertile had a significantly higher risk of hearing loss (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.01-3.19) and higher HFPTA thresholds (β: 2.23; SE: 0.77). Participants with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m had higher LFPTA thresholds (β: 4.31; SE: 1.79). After stratification by sex, a significant risk remained only for males in the highest UACR tertile, with 2.18 times the risk of hearing loss (95% CI, 1.06-4.48).Non-diabetic US males with low-grade albuminuria are at increased risk of hearing loss, independent of eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang-Chuan Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chun-Jung Juan
- Department of Medical Imaging, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital
| | - Yi-Wen Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu
| | - Chien-Jen Chiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu
| | - Chia-Der Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Ming-Hsui Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
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β 2-Microglobulin and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin, Potential Novel Urine Biomarkers in Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japanese. Int J Dent 2019; 2019:1394678. [PMID: 31015837 PMCID: PMC6446109 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1394678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Several serum biomarkers have been reported to increase in periodontitis patients as possible mediators linking periodontal inflammation to systemic diseases. However, the relationship between periodontitis and urine biomarkers is still unclear. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate potential urine biomarkers of periodontitis in a Japanese population. Materials and Methods This study included 108 male subjects, and microbiological and clinical parameters were evaluated as a periodontitis marker. The correlation between nine urine biomarkers (typically used to diagnose kidney disease) and periodontal parameters was analyzed. Based on the findings, β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were selected for comparison and multivariate regression analysis, and the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Bonferroni correction was used to identify differences in their concentrations between the three periodontitis groups (severe, moderate, and no/mild periodontitis). Results β2-MG and NGAL exhibited a significant correlation with clinical parameters of periodontitis. The prevalence of clinical parameters such as bleeding on probing and number of sites with probing depth (PD) ≥ 6 mm were greater in the β2-MG high group (≥300 μg/g creatinine) than in the normal group (P=0.017 and 0.019, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the number of sites with PD ≥ 6 mm was independently associated with urine β2-MG. Moreover, the number of sites with the clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥ 6 mm was greater in the NGAL high group (highest quartile) (P=0.041). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the number of sites with CAL ≥ 6 mm was associated independently with urine NGAL. Finally, β2-MG was significantly higher in the severe periodontitis subjects compared to the no/mild periodontitis subjects. Conclusion The significant association between urine β2-MG or NGAL and periodontitis was revealed. These biomarkers can potentially be used to screen for or diagnose periodontitis. This trial is registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000013485.
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