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Lu W, Tan X, Zhong Y, Wang P, Ge Y, Zhang H, Hu S. Spectral CT in the evaluation of perineural invasion status in rectal cancer. Jpn J Radiol 2024:10.1007/s11604-024-01575-7. [PMID: 38709434 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-024-01575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether preoperative spectral CT quantitative parameters can assess perineural invasion (PNI) status in rectal cancer. METHODS Sixty-two patients diagnosed with rectal cancer who underwent preoperative spectral CT were retrospectively enrolled and divided into positive and negative PNI groups according to histopathologic results. The CT attenuation value (HU) of virtual monochromatic images (40-70 keV), spectral curve slope (K(HU)), effective atomic number (Zeff), and iodine concentration (IC) from spectral CT were compared between these two groups using t test or rank sum test. A nomogram was established by incorporating the independent predictors to assess the overall diagnostic efficacy. The area under the ROC curves (AUCs) were compared using the DeLong test. RESULTS The preoperative spectral CT parameters (40-70 keV attenuation, K(HU), Zeff, and IC) were significantly higher in the PNI-positive group compared to the PNI-negative group (all p < 0.05). The highest predictive efficiency of PNI was observed at 40 keV attenuation, with an area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.847, 81.8%, 72.5%, and 75.8%, respectively. Binary logistic regression demonstrated that the clinical feature (cN stage) and 40 keV attenuation were independent predictors of PNI status. The nomogram incorporating these two predictors (cN stage and 40 keV attenuation) exhibited the best evaluation efficacy, with an AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.885, 86.4%, 77.5%, and 80.6%. CONCLUSION Spectral CT quantitative parameters proved valuable in the preoperative assessment of PNI status in rectal cancer patients. The combination of spectral CT parameters and clinical features could further enhance the diagnostic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Lu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Xiaoying Tan
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Yanqi Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Yuxi Ge
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Shudong Hu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China.
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Firnau MB, Brieger A. CK2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081987. [PMID: 36009534 PMCID: PMC9405757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is commonly dysregulated in cancer, impacting diverse molecular pathways. CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, constitutively active and ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. With over 500 known substrates and being estimated to be responsible for up to 10% of the human phosphoproteome, it is of significant importance. A broad spectrum of diverse types of cancer cells has been already shown to rely on disturbed CK2 levels for their survival. The hallmarks of cancer provide a rationale for understanding cancer’s common traits. They constitute the maintenance of proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling of replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, the activation of invasion and metastasis, as well as avoidance of immune destruction and dysregulation of cellular energetics. In this work, we have compiled evidence from the literature suggesting that CK2 modulates all hallmarks of cancer, thereby promoting oncogenesis and operating as a cancer driver by creating a cellular environment favorable to neoplasia.
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