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Timosaponin A3 Inhibits Palmitate and Stearate through Suppression of SREBP-1 in Pancreatic Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050945. [PMID: 35631531 PMCID: PMC9147344 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Timosaponin A3 (TA3) was demonstrated as a potent anticancer chemical by several studies. Although the effects of inhibiting growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis in various cancer cells were demonstrated through multiple mechanisms, the pharmacological mechanism of TA3 shown in pancreatic cancer (PC) is insufficient compared to other cancers. In this study, we aimed to explore the key molecular mechanisms underlying the growth inhibitory effects of TA3 using PC cells and a xenograft model. First, from the microarray results, we found that TA3 regulated INSIG-1 and HMGCR in BxPC-3 cells. Furthermore, we showed that inhibition of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) by TA3 reduced the fatty acid synthases FASN and ACC, thereby controlling the growth of BxPC-3 cells. We also tried to find mechanisms involved with SREBP-1, such as Akt, Gsk3β, mTOR, and AMPK, but these were not related to SREBP-1 inhibition by TA3. In the BxPC-3 xenograft model, the TA3 group had more reduced tumor formation and lower toxicity than the gemcitabine group. Interestingly, the level of the fatty acid metabolites palmitate and stearate were significantly reduced in the tumor tissue in the TA3 group. Overall, our study demonstrated that SREBP-1 was a key transcription factor involved in pancreatic cancer growth and it remained a precursor form due to TA3, reducing the adipogenesis and growth in BxPC-3 cells. Our results improve our understanding of novel mechanisms of TA3 for the regulation of lipogenesis and provide a new approach to the prevention and treatment of PC.
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Sridharan V, Mino-Kenudson M, Cleary JM, Rahma OE, Perez K, Clark JW, Clancy TE, Rubinson DA, Goyal L, Bazerbachi F, Visrodia KH, Qadan M, Parikh A, Ferrone CR, Casey BW, Fernandez-Del Castillo C, Ryan DP, Lillemoe KD, Warshaw AL, Krishnan K, Hernandez-Barco YG. Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma: A multi-center series on clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. Pancreatology 2021; 21:S1424-3903(21)00162-9. [PMID: 34023183 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a very rare tumor of the exocrine pancreas, representing less than 1% of all pancreatic malignancies. The majority of data regarding ACC are limited to small case series. METHODS This is a retrospective study conducted at a large healthcare system from 1996 to 2019. Patients with pathologically confirmed ACC were included, and demographic data, tumor characteristics, and treatment outcomes were abstracted by chart review. Survival curves were obtained by using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS Sixty-six patients with ACC were identified. The median patient age at diagnosis was 64, and 42% presented with metastatic disease. The majority presented with abdominal pain or pancreatitis (69%), and laboratory parameters did not correlate with tumor size, metastatic disease, or survival. Several somatic abnormalities were noted in tumors (BRCA2, TP53, and mismatch-repair genes). In patients with localized disease that underwent resection, the median time to develop metastatic lesions was 13 months. The median overall survival (OS) was 24.7 months from diagnosis, with a survival difference based on metastatic disease at diagnosis (median 15 vs 38 mos). Surgery was associated with improved survival in non-metastatic cases (p = 0.006) but not metastatic cases (p = 0.22), and chemotherapy showed OS benefit in metastatic disease (p < 0.01). Patients with metastatic ACC treated after 2010 utilized more platinum-based agents, and there was a OS benefit to FOLFOX or FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy compared to gemcitabine or capecitabine-based regimens (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Pancreatic ACC patients often present with advanced disease. Surgery was associated with survival benefit among patients presenting with localized disease. The use of FOLFOX or FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy regimens was associated with improved OS in metastatic patients. These data add to our knowledge in this rare malignancy, and improves understanding about the genomic underpinnings, prognosis and treatment for acinar cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajith Sridharan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Division of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James M Cleary
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Osama E Rahma
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Perez
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Clark
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E Clancy
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A Rubinson
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lipika Goyal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fateh Bazerbachi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kavel H Visrodia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Motaz Qadan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aparna Parikh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenna W Casey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David Patrick Ryan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith D Lillemoe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew L Warshaw
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kumar Krishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasmin G Hernandez-Barco
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Tawila AM, Sun S, Kim MJ, Omar AM, Dibwe DF, Awale S. A Triterpene Lactone from Callistemon citrinus Inhibits the PANC-1 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells Viability through Suppression of Unfolded Protein Response. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000495. [PMID: 32865330 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human pancreatic tumor cells such as PANC-1 are known for their ability to tolerate nutrient starvation and thrive under the hypovascular tumor microenvironment, a phenomenon termed as 'austerity'. A search of agents that preferentially inhibit the cancer cell viability under the starvation condition without toxicity in the nutrient-rich condition is a promising approach in anticancer drug discovery. In this study, a triterpene lactone, 3β-hydroxy-13,28-epoxyurs-11-en-28-one (ursenolide), isolated from a Callistemon citrinus extract has shown strong preferential cytotoxicity against PANC-1 cells under nutrient starvation with PC50 value of 0.4 μm. Ursenolide-induced rounding of PANC-1 cell morphology followed by rupture of the cell membrane leading to cell death. In a real-time cell migration study, ursenolide was found to inhibit PANC-1 cell migration significantly. Mechanistically, it inhibited GRP78 and GRP94 under the starvation condition suggesting inhibition of unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive process of cell survival during starvation. It also inhibited the phosphorylation of the key survival protein Akt and mTOR. Overall results suggested that ursenolide is a potential anticancer agent against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Tawila
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Sijia Sun
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Min Jo Kim
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ashraf M Omar
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Dya Fita Dibwe
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Suresh Awale
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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