1
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Qiu X, Feng Y. Echinacoside activates Nrf2/PPARγ signaling pathway to modulate mitochondrial fusion-fission balance to ameliorate ox-LDL-induced dysfunction of coronary artery endothelial cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03233-1. [PMID: 38916831 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
As a cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease (CHD) is characterized by poor prognosis and increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Echinacoside (ECH) can protect against multiple cardiovascular diseases due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of ECH in CHD remains unclear. In ECH-treated human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), cell viability, NO production, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, and angiogenesis ability were detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, diaminofluorescein-FM diacetate (DAF-FM DA) staining, western blot, and tube formation assay, respectively. The activities of oxidative stress markers were detected using dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay and corresponding assay kits. Cell apoptosis was detected utilizing flow cytometry and caspase3 assay. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of Nrf2/PPARγ signaling pathway- and mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins. Mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial fusion and fission were detected using JC-1 staining and immunofluorescence (IF) assay. In this study, ECH was found to revive the viability, ameliorate the endothelial dysfunction, suppress oxidative stress, and inhibit the apoptosis in ox-LDL-induced HCAECs via activating Nrf2/PPARγ signaling pathway, which were all abolished following the treatment of Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. It was also identified that ECH regulated mitochondrial fusion-fission balance in ox-LDL-induced HCAECs through the activation of Nrf2/PPARγ signaling pathway. In summary, ECH activated Nrf2/PPARγ signaling pathway to regulate mitochondrial fusion-fission balance, thereby improving ox-LDL-induced dysfunction of HCAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandi Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxing Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, No. 69 Jialing Village, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400700, China.
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2
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Yu M, Yang H, Kuang M, Qiu J, Yu C, Xie G, Sheng G, Zou Y. Atherogenic index of plasma: a new indicator for assessing the short-term mortality of patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1393644. [PMID: 38915891 PMCID: PMC11194402 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1393644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Arteriosclerosis is a primary causative factor in cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to explore the correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the 30-day mortality rate in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Methods A total of 1,248 ADHF patients recruited from the Jiangxi-Acute Decompensated Heart Failure1 (JX-ADHF1) cohort between 2019 and 2022 were selected for this study. The primary outcome was the 30-day mortality rate. Multivariable Cox regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and stratified analyses were utilized to assess the relationship between AIP and the 30-day mortality rate in ADHF patients. Mediation models were employed for exploratory analysis of the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, and nutrition in the association between AIP and the 30-day mortality rate in ADHF patients. Results During the 30-day follow-up, 42 (3.37%) of the ADHF patients died. The mortality rates corresponding to the quartiles of AIP were as follows: Q1: 1.28%, Q2: 2.88%, Q3: 2.88%, Q4: 6.41%. The multivariable Cox regression revealed a positive correlation between high AIP and the 30-day mortality rate in ADHF patients [Hazard ratio (HR) 3.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-14.28], independent of age, gender, heart failure type, cardiac function classification, and comorbidities. It is important to note that there was a U-shaped curve association between AIP (<0.24) and the 30-day mortality rate before the fourth quartile, with the lowest 30-day mortality risk in ADHF patients around an AIP of -0.1. Furthermore, mediation analysis suggested significant mediating effects of inflammation and nutrition on the 30-day mortality rate in ADHF patients related to AIP, with inflammation accounting for approximately 24.29% and nutrition for about 8.16% of the mediation effect. Conclusion This retrospective cohort analysis reveals for the first time the association between AIP and the 30-day mortality rate in ADHF patients. According to our findings, maintaining an AIP around -0.1 in ADHF patients could be crucial for improving poor prognoses from a medical perspective. Additionally, for ADHF patients with high AIP, it is important to assess and, if necessary, enhance nutritional support and anti-inflammatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongyi Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Maobin Kuang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiajun Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Changhui Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guobo Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guotai Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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3
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Veiga D, Peralta M, Gouveia ÉR, Nascimento MDM, Carvalho L, Encantado J, Marques A. Moderating Effect of Muscular Strength in the Association between Cardiovascular Events and Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged and Older Adults-A Cross Sectional Study. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:36. [PMID: 38525753 PMCID: PMC10961766 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and cardiovascular diseases are two main health conditions contributing to the global disease burden. Several studies indicate a reciprocal association between them. It is still unclear how changes in overall muscle strength may impact this association. This study aimed to analyse how muscular strength moderates the relationship between cardiovascular events and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults. METHODS Wave 8 of the population-based Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (2019/2020) cross-sectional data, which included 41,666 participants (17,986 men) with a mean age of 70.65 (9.1) years old, was examined. Grip strength was measured twice on each hand using a dynamometer. The 12-item EURO-D scale was employed to gauge depressive symptoms. RESULTS Grip strength negatively moderates the link between cardiovascular events and depressive symptoms (male: B = -0.03, 95% CI = -0.04, -0.03; female: B = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.06, -0.05). Additionally, the grip strength moderation values in the significant zone for males and females were less than 63.2 kg and 48.3 kg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Muscular strength modifies depressive symptoms and lessens their correlation with cardiovascular diseases. Muscle-strengthening activities could be incorporated into primary and secondary preventive strategies to reduce the burden of depression in people with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Veiga
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana, (CIPER) Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (D.V.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (J.E.)
| | - Miguel Peralta
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana, (CIPER) Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (D.V.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (J.E.)
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Élvio R. Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Robotics and Engineering Systems (LARSYS), Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Marcelo de Maio Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56.304-205, Brazil;
| | - Laura Carvalho
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana, (CIPER) Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (D.V.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (J.E.)
| | - Jorge Encantado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana, (CIPER) Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (D.V.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (J.E.)
| | - Adilson Marques
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana, (CIPER) Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (D.V.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (J.E.)
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
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4
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Gala D, Behl H, Shah M, Makaryus AN. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Improving Patient Outcomes and Future of Healthcare Delivery in Cardiology: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:481. [PMID: 38391856 PMCID: PMC10887513 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases exert a significant burden on the healthcare system worldwide. This narrative literature review discusses the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of cardiology. AI has the potential to assist healthcare professionals in several ways, such as diagnosing pathologies, guiding treatments, and monitoring patients, which can lead to improved patient outcomes and a more efficient healthcare system. Moreover, clinical decision support systems in cardiology have improved significantly over the past decade. The addition of AI to these clinical decision support systems can improve patient outcomes by processing large amounts of data, identifying subtle associations, and providing a timely, evidence-based recommendation to healthcare professionals. Lastly, the application of AI allows for personalized care by utilizing predictive models and generating patient-specific treatment plans. However, there are several challenges associated with the use of AI in healthcare. The application of AI in healthcare comes with significant cost and ethical considerations. Despite these challenges, AI will be an integral part of healthcare delivery in the near future, leading to personalized patient care, improved physician efficiency, and anticipated better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhir Gala
- Department of Clinical Science, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten, The Netherlands
| | - Haditya Behl
- Department of Clinical Science, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten, The Netherlands
| | - Mili Shah
- Department of Clinical Science, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten, The Netherlands
| | - Amgad N Makaryus
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical Center, Hempstead, NY 11554, USA
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5
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Clerico A, Aimo A, Cantinotti M. High-sensitivity cardiac troponins in pediatric population. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:18-32. [PMID: 34679265 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apparently healthy children often complain of chest pain, especially after physical exercise. Cardiac biomarker levels are often measured, but the clinical relevance of these assays in children is still debated, even when a cardiac disease is present. Coronary artery disease is exceedingly rare in children, but elevated circulating levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT) in an acute setting may help detect heart failure due to an unknown cardiac disorder, or worsening heart failure, particularly in combination with other biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptides. However, the interpretation of biomarkers is often challenging, especially when institutions transition from conventional cTn assays to high-sensitivity (hs-cTn) methods, as well demonstrated in the emergency setting for adult patients. From a clinical perspective, the lack of established reference values in the pediatric age is the main problem limiting the use of hs-cTn methods for the diagnosis and managements of cardiac diseases in infants, children and adolescents. This review aims to discuss the possibility to use hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT to detect cardiac disease and to explore age-related differences in biomarker levels in the pediatric age. We start from some analytical and pathophysiological considerations related to hs-cTn assays. Then, after a systematic literature search, we discuss the current evidence and possible limitations of hs-cTn assay as indicators of cardiac disease in the most frequently cardiac disease in pediatric setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Clerico
- Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana G. Monasterio and Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana G. Monasterio and Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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6
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Liu J, Li DD, Dong W, Liu YQ, Wu Y, Tang DX, Zhang FC, Qiu M, Hua Q, He JY, Li J, Du B, Du TH, Niu LL, Jiang XJ, Cui B, Chen JB, Wang YG, Wang HR, Yu Q, He J, Mao YL, Bin XF, Deng Y, Tian YD, Han QH, Liu DJ, Duan LQ, Zhao MJ, Zhang CY, Dai HY, Li ZH, Xiao Y, Hu YZ, Huang XY, Xing K, Jiang X, Liu CF, An J, Li FC, Tao T, Jiang JF, Yang Y, Dong YR, Zhang L, Fu G, Li Y, Huang SW, Dou LP, Sun LJ, Zhao YQ, Li J, Xia Y, Liu J, Liu F, He WJ, Li Y, Tan JC, Lin Y, Zhou YB, Yang JF, Ma GQ, Chen HJ, Liu HP, Liu ZW, Liu JX, Luo XJ, Bin XH, Yu YN, Dang HX, Li B, Teng F, Qiao WM, Zhu XL, Chen BW, Chen QG, Shen CT, Wang YY, Chen YD, Wang Z. Detection of an anti-angina therapeutic module in the effective population treated by a multi-target drug Danhong injection: a randomized trial. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:329. [PMID: 34471087 PMCID: PMC8410855 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It’s a challenge for detecting the therapeutic targets of a polypharmacological drug from variations in the responsed networks in the differentiated populations with complex diseases, as stable coronary heart disease. Here, in an adaptive, 31-center, randomized, double-blind trial involving 920 patients with moderate symptomatic stable angina treated by 14-day Danhong injection(DHI), a kind of polypharmacological drug with high quality control, or placebo (0.9% saline), with 76-day following-up, we firstly confirmed that DHI could increase the proportion of patients with clinically significant changes on angina-frequency assessed by Seattle Angina Questionnaire (ΔSAQ-AF ≥ 20) (12.78% at Day 30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.86–19.71%, P = 0.0003, 13.82% at Day 60, 95% CI 6.82–20.82%, P = 0.0001 and 8.95% at Day 90, 95% CI 2.06–15.85%, P = 0.01). We also found that there were no significant differences in new-onset major vascular events (P = 0.8502) and serious adverse events (P = 0.9105) between DHI and placebo. After performing the RNA sequencing in 62 selected patients, we developed a systemic modular approach to identify differentially expressed modules (DEMs) of DHI with the Zsummary value less than 0 compared with the control group, calculated by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and sketched out the basic framework on a modular map with 25 functional modules targeted by DHI. Furthermore, the effective therapeutic module (ETM), defined as the highest correlation value with the phenotype alteration (ΔSAQ-AF, the change in SAQ-AF at Day 30 from baseline) calculated by WGCNA, was identified in the population with the best effect (ΔSAQ-AF ≥ 40), which is related to anticoagulation and regulation of cholesterol metabolism. We assessed the modular flexibility of this ETM using the global topological D value based on Euclidean distance, which is correlated with phenotype alteration (r2: 0.8204, P = 0.019) by linear regression. Our study identified the anti-angina therapeutic module in the effective population treated by the multi-target drug. Modular methods facilitate the discovery of network pharmacological mechanisms and the advancement of precision medicine. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01681316).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Xuan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Chun Zhang
- Department of Geratology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Geratology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu He
- Department of Cardiology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bai Du
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Hai Du
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Niu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiang-Bin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang-Gan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Rong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing He
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi-Lin Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital to Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Bin
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital to Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu-Dan Tian
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qing-Hua Han
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Da-Jin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li-Qin Duan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ming-Jun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shanxi, China
| | - Cui-Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shanxi, China
| | - Hai-Ying Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ze-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You-Zhi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Chao-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing An
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Feng-Chun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin-Fa Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao-Rong Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Ping Dou
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan-Jun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zengchan Dao, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zengchan Dao, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zengchan Dao, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Chinese medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Chinese medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Jin He
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Cong Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Third People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Third People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Bin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian-Fei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guo-Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui-Jun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - He-Ping Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zong-Wu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Bin
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Xia Dang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Beijing Genomics Institute (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang-Min Qiao
- Beijing Genomics Institute (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing-Wei Chen
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi-Guang Chen
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Ti Shen
- Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Yan Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yun-Dai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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7
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Sun Y, Huang S, Wan C, Ruan Q, Xie X, Wei D, Li G, Lin S, Li H, Wu S. Knockdown of lncRNA ENST00000609755.1 Confers Protection Against Early oxLDL-Induced Coronary Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:650212. [PMID: 34095248 PMCID: PMC8175657 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.650212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the association between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and coronary heart disease (CHD) and further elucidated the potential biological roles of lncRNAs in CHD pathogenesis. Methods: A case-control study (590 patients and 590 controls) was conducted from February 2017 and March 2019 in Fuzhou, China. Environmental factors were investigated using questionnaires and physical examinations. Five representative lncRNAs were screened using lncRNA microarray (peripheral blood in 5 cases and 5 controls) and further verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (peripheral blood leukocyte in 100 cases and 100 controls). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) was used to induce a human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAECs) injury model, and loss of function was used to elucidate the role of lncRNA ENST00000609755.1 (lnc-MICALL2-2) in oxLDL-induced HCAECs injury. Results: A total of 320 lncRNAs were found dysregulated in CHD patients (fold change> 2, p < 0.05). The results of a discovery microarray, population verification and HCAEC experiments suggested the lnc-MICALL2-2 is upregulated in CHD subjects and in an oxLDL-induced HCAECs injury model. Conversely, lnc-MICALL2-2 inhibition in vitro attenuated the effects of oxLDL on HCAECs morphology, proliferation, and apoptosis. Conclusion: Elevated expression of lnc-MICALL2-2 is an independent risk factor for CHD, and knockdown subsequently confers protection against early pathological processes of oxLDL-induced CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuna Huang
- Department of Clinical Research and Translation Center Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Wan
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qishuang Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxu Xie
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Donghong Wei
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guobo Li
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Lin
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huangyuan Li
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siying Wu
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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8
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a specific high-affinity angiotensin II-hydrolytic enzyme, is the vector that facilitates cellular entry of SARS-CoV-1 and the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2, which crossed species barriers to infect humans, is highly contagious and associated with high lethality due to multi-organ failure, mostly in older patients with other co-morbidities. Recent Findings Accumulating clinical evidence demonstrates that the intensity of the infection and its complications are more prominent in men. It has been postulated that potential functional modulation of ACE2 by estrogen may explain the sex difference in morbidity and mortality. Summary We review here the evidence regarding the role of estrogenic hormones in ACE2 expression and regulation, with the intent of bringing to the forefront potential mechanisms that may explain sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 outcomes, assist in management of COVID-19, and uncover new therapeutic strategies.
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9
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Al-Otaibi SN, Alshammari GM, AlMohanna FH, Al-Khalifa AS, Yahya MA. Antihyperlipidemic and hepatic antioxidant effects of Leek leaf methanol extract in high fat diet-fed rats. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1792355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Setah Naif Al-Otaibi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir Muslem Alshammari
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Falah Hassan AlMohanna
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Saleh Al-Khalifa
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Shah S, Chan MR, Lee T. Perspectives in Individualizing Solutions for Dialysis Access. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2020; 27:183-190. [PMID: 32891301 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The vascular access is the lifeline for the hemodialysis patient. Previous national vascular access guidelines have emphasized placement of arteriovenous fistulas in most hemodialysis patients. However, the new Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines for vascular access, soon to be published, will focus on a patient's end-stage kidney disease "life plan" and take a patient "first" approach. One of the major themes of the new Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines is selecting the "right access, for the right patient, at the right time, for the right reason". Given the availability of new advances in biomedical technologies, techniques, and devices in the vascular access field, this shift to a more patient-centered vascular access approach presents unique opportunities to individualize the solutions and care for patients requiring a dialysis vascular access. This review article will address 3 potential areas where there is an unmet need to individualize solutions for dialysis vascular access care: (1) biological approaches to improve vascular access selection and selection of therapies, (2) vascular access care for the post-transplant patient, and (3) vascular access disparities in race, gender, and the elderly patient.
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11
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Benincasa G, Mansueto G, Napoli C. Fluid-based assays and precision medicine of cardiovascular diseases: the ‘hope’ for Pandora’s box? J Clin Pathol 2019; 72:785-799. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Progresses in liquid-based assays may provide novel useful non-invasive indicators of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. By analysing circulating cells or their products in blood, saliva and urine samples, we can investigate molecular changes present at specific time points in each patient allowing sequential monitoring of disease evolution. For example, an increased number of circulating endothelial cells may be a diagnostic biomarker for diabetic nephropathy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The assessment of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels may be useful to predict severity of acute myocardial infarction, as well as diagnose heart graft rejection. Remarkably, circulating epigenetic biomarkers, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs are key pathogenic determinants of CV diseases representing putative useful biomarkers and drug targets. For example, the unmethylated FAM101A gene may specifically trace cfDNA derived from cardiomyocyte death providing a powerful diagnostic biomarker of apoptosis during ischaemia. Moreover, changes in plasma levels of circulating miR-92 may predict acute coronary syndrome onset in patients with diabetes. Now, network medicine provides a framework to analyse a huge amount of big data by describing a CV disease as a result of a chain of molecular perturbations rather than a single defect (reductionism). We outline advantages and challenges of liquid biopsy with respect to traditional tissue biopsy and summarise the main completed and ongoing clinical trials in CV diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of combining fluid-based assays, big data and network medicine to improve precision medicine and personalised therapy in this field.
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12
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Manea SA, Vlad ML, Fenyo IM, Lazar AG, Raicu M, Muresian H, Simionescu M, Manea A. Pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylase reduces NADPH oxidase expression, oxidative stress and the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice; potential implications for human atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101338. [PMID: 31634818 PMCID: PMC6807290 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are instrumental in all inflammatory phases of atherosclerosis. Dysregulated histone deacetylase (HDAC)-related epigenetic pathways have been mechanistically linked to alterations in gene expression in experimental models of cardiovascular disorders. Hitherto, the relation between HDAC and Nox in atherosclerosis is not known. We aimed at uncovering whether HDAC plays a role in mediating Nox up-regulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerotic lesion progression. Human non-atherosclerotic and atherosclerotic arterial samples, ApoE-/- mice, and in vitro polarized monocyte-derived M1/M2-macrophages (Mac) were examined. Male ApoE-/- mice, maintained on normal or high-fat, cholesterol-rich diet, were randomized to receive 10 mg/kg suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a pan-HDAC inhibitor, or its vehicle, for 4 weeks. In the human/animal studies, real-time PCR, Western blot, lipid staining, lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were employed. The protein levels of class I, class IIa, class IIb, and class IV HDAC isoenzymes were significantly elevated both in human atherosclerotic tissue samples and in atherosclerotic aorta of ApoE-/- mice. Treatment of ApoE-/- mice with SAHA reduced significantly the extent of atherosclerotic lesions, and the aortic expression of Nox subtypes, NADPH-stimulated ROS production, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory markers. Significantly up-regulated HDAC and Nox subtypes were detected in inflammatory M1-Mac. In these cells, SAHA reduced the Nox1/2/4 transcript levels. Collectively, HDAC inhibition reduced atherosclerotic lesion progression in ApoE-/- mice, possibly by intertwined mechanisms involving negative regulation of Nox expression and inflammation. The data propose that HDAC-oriented pharmacological interventions could represent an effective therapeutic strategy in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona-Adriana Manea
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela-Loredana Vlad
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Madalina Fenyo
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra-Gela Lazar
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Raicu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Horia Muresian
- University Hospital Bucharest, Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Manea
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.
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13
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Corbacho-Alonso N, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, Martin-Rojas T, Mouriño-Alvarez L, Sastre-Oliva T, Hernandez-Fernandez G, Padial LR, Ruilope LM, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Barderas MG. Proteomic investigations into hypertension: what's new and how might it affect clinical practice? Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:583-591. [PMID: 31195841 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1632197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension is a multifactorial disease that has, thus far, proven to be a difficult target for pharmacological intervention. The application of proteomic strategies may help to identify new biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of hypertension, in order to control blood pressure and prevent organ damage. Areas covered: Advances in proteomics have led to the discovery of new biomarkers to help track the pathophysiological processes implicated in hypertension. These findings not only help to better understand the nature of the disease, but will also contribute to the clinical needs for a timely diagnosis and more precise treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of new biomarkers identified in hypertension through the application of proteomic techniques, and we also discuss the difficulties and challenges in identifying biomarkers in this clinical setting. We performed a literature search in PubMed with the key words 'hypertension' and 'proteomics', and focused specifically on the most recent literature on the utility of proteomics in hypertension research. Expert opinion: There have been several promising biomarkers of hypertension identified by proteomics, but too few have been introduced to the clinic. Thus, further investigations in larger cohorts are necessary to test the feasibility of this strategy for patients. Also, this emerging field would profit from more collaboration between clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Corbacho-Alonso
- a Department of Vascular Physiopathology , Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM , Toledo , Spain
| | - E Rodríguez-Sánchez
- b Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory , Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre , Madrid , Spain
| | - T Martin-Rojas
- a Department of Vascular Physiopathology , Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM , Toledo , Spain
| | - L Mouriño-Alvarez
- a Department of Vascular Physiopathology , Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM , Toledo , Spain
| | - T Sastre-Oliva
- a Department of Vascular Physiopathology , Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM , Toledo , Spain
| | - G Hernandez-Fernandez
- a Department of Vascular Physiopathology , Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM , Toledo , Spain
| | - L R Padial
- c Department of Cardiology , Hospital Virgen de la Salud, SESCAM , Toledo , Spain
| | - L M Ruilope
- b Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory , Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre , Madrid , Spain.,d Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ and CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain.,e School of Doctoral Studies and Research , Universidad Europea de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - G Ruiz-Hurtado
- b Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory , Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre , Madrid , Spain
| | - M G Barderas
- a Department of Vascular Physiopathology , Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM , Toledo , Spain
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14
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Mittal R, Jhaveri VM, Kay SIS, Greer A, Sutherland KJ, McMurry HS, Lin N, Mittal J, Malhotra AK, Patel AP. Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases and Development of Treatment Modalities. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:19-32. [PMID: 29737266 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x18666180508111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The underlying pathology for cardiovascular disease is largely atherosclerotic in nature and the steps include fatty streak formation, plaque progression and plaque rupture. While there is optimal drug therapy available for patients with CVD, there are also underlying drug delivery obstacles that must be addressed. Challenges in drug delivery warrant further studies for the development of novel and more efficacious medical therapies. An extensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease in combination with current challenges in drug delivery serves as a platform for the development of novel drug therapeutic targets for CVD. The objective of this article is to review the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, first-line medical treatment for CVD, and key obstacles in an efficient drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Vasanti M Jhaveri
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Sae-In Samantha Kay
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida FL, United States
| | - Aubrey Greer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Kyle J Sutherland
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Hannah S McMurry
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Nicole Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Arul K Malhotra
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Amit P Patel
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida FL, United States
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15
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Frith E, Loprinzi PD. Physical Activity and Cognitive Function among Older Adults with an Elevated Gamma Gap. Med Princ Pract 2018; 27:531-536. [PMID: 30219812 PMCID: PMC6422153 DOI: 10.1159/000493732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An elevated gamma gap is indicative of high serum concentrations of globulin proteins, some of which elicit acute inflammatory responses. An impaired cognitive function has been linked to central and peripheral inflammation, while exercise is associated with protective, anti-inflammatory benefits. In this study, we evaluated whether the gamma gap is associated with cognitive function among older adults and whether physical activity is favorably associated with cognitive function among those with an elevated gamma gap. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to identify 2,352 older adults aged between 60 and 85 years. The gamma gap was evaluated by subtracting albumin from total protein, i.e., gamma gap = total protein (g/dL) - albumin (g/dL). Those at or above 3.1 g/dL (31.0 g/L) were considered to have an elevated gamma gap. The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) was used to assess cognitive function tasks of pairing and free recall among participants. Participants were asked open-ended questions about participation in leisure-time physical activity over the previous 30 days. RESULTS Those with an elevated gamma gap (DSST, 44.8) had a lower cognitive function score when compared to those without an elevated gamma gap (DSST, 50.1) (p < 0.001). After adjustments, and among those with an elevated gamma gap, those meeting the moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) guidelines (vs. not meeting them) had a DSST score of 6.42 units higher (β = 6.42, 95% CI 3.85-8.99, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this national sample of older adults, the gamma gap was associated with cognitive function, and among those with an elevated gamma gap, meeting the physical activity guidelines was associated with a higher cognitive function. Relevant clinical implications are discussed, as the gamma gap may be predictive of the risk for early mortality and reduced quality of life. Experimental work is needed to investigate whether physical activity training programs are effective in reducing an elevated gamma gap and preserving optimal cognitive functioning among at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Frith
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, The University of Mississipi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Paul D Loprinzi
- Jackson Heart Study Vanguard Center of Oxford, Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi,
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16
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Campbell EJ, Lawrence AJ, Perry CJ. New steps for treating alcohol use disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1759-1773. [PMID: 29574507 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is a complex syndrome with multiple treatment points including drug-induced pathology, withdrawal management, behavioral/cognitive strategies, and relapse prevention. These different components may be complicated by genotype and phenotype. A huge milestone for the treatment of alcohol use disorder across several countries in the last 10 years was the introduction of practice guidelines integrating clinical expertise and research evidence. These provide a summary of interventions that have been shown to be effective following rigorous and replicated clinical trials. Inspection of these guidelines reveals good consistency, but little evidence of progress in treatment approaches for alcohol use disorder over the past decade. In this mini-review, we discuss emerging treatments for alcohol use disorder that may supplement or improve the evidence-based treatments that are currently recommended. New medications, the emergence of digital technology, and other novel approaches such as transcranial magnetic stimulation are all discussed with reference to treatments already in practice. We also consider how individual differences in genotype and phenotype may affect outcomes. Together with improvements in technology, this knowledge offers a powerful tool for designing personalized approaches to treatment, and hence improving prognosis for rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Campbell
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Christina J Perry
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. .,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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