1
|
Liu H, Li X, Li H, Feng L, Sun G, Sun G, Wu L, Hu Y, Liu L, Wang H. Potential molecular mechanisms and clinical progress in liver metastasis of breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112824. [PMID: 35306430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women and the leading cause of cancer death in women. About 30% of breast cancer patients have metastasis every year, which greatly increases the mortality rate of breast cancer. The main target organs for metastasis are bone, brain, liver and lung. The breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM) mechanism is not fully clarified. This is a complex process involving multiple factors, which is not only related to the microenvironment of the primary tumor and liver, but also regulated by a variety of signaling pathways. Clarifying these mechanisms is of great help to guide clinical treatment. With the in-depth study of BCLM, a variety of new treatment schemes such as targeted therapy and endocrine therapy provide new ideas for the cure of BCLM. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanism and treatment of BCLM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangshun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hanjin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu Z, Zhu X, Ye Y, Fu H, Mao J. PP2A protects podocytes against Adriamycin-induced injury and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via suppressing JIP4/p38-MAPK pathway. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:697-713. [PMID: 34629746 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the major protein serine/threonine phosphatases (PPPs) with regulatory effects on several cellular processes, but its role and function in Adriamycin (ADR)-treated podocytes injury needs to be further explored. Mice podocytes were treated with ADR and PP2A inhibitor (okadaic acid, OA). After transfection, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Expressions of podocytes injury-, apoptosis- and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)- and JNK-interacting protein 4/p38-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (JIP4/p38-MAPK) pathway-related factors were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot as needed. Interaction between PP2A and JIP4/MAPK pathway was confirmed using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-Ip) assay. In podocytes, ADR inhibited PP2A, Nephrin and Wilms' tumor (WT) 1 expressions yet upregulated apoptosis and Desmin expression, and suppressing PP2A expressionenhanced the effects. PP2A overexpression reversed the effects of ADR on PP2A and podocyte injury-related factors expressions and apoptosis of podocytes. JIP4 was the candidate gene interacting with both PP2A and p38-MAPK pathway, and PP2A overexpression alleviated the effects of ADR on p38-MAPK pathway-related factors expressions. Additionally, in ADR-treated podocytes, PP2A suppression enhanced the effects of ADR, yet silencing of JIP4 reversed the effects of PP2A suppression on regulating p38-MAPK pathway-, apoptosis- and EMT-related factors expressions and apoptosis, with upregulations of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and E-cadherin and down-regulations of Bcl-2 associated protein X (Bax), cleaved (C)-casapse-3, N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail. PP2A protects ADR-treated podocytes against injury and EMT by suppressing JIP4/p38-MAPK pathway, showing their interaction in podocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiujuan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052 Zhejiang China
| | - Yuhong Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052 Zhejiang China
| | - Haidong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052 Zhejiang China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052 Zhejiang China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei H, Wang J, Liang Z. STAT1-p53-p21axis-dependent stress-induced progression of chronic nephrosis in adriamycin-induced mouse model. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1002. [PMID: 32953802 PMCID: PMC7475511 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic nephrosis (CN) is an aging-related disease with high mortality. Signal transduction and transcriptional activator 1 (STAT1) protein promotes senescence in human glomerular mesangial cells (HMCs), but whether it affects the progression of adriamycin (ADR)-induced CN in vivo remains unclear. Methods We established an ADR-induced CN mouse model that was completed in wild-type (wt) mice by a single intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg ADR for 2 or 4 weeks. Clinical indexes in each group were determined. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) was employed to determine renal histopathological damage, SA-β-gal staining was used to evaluate cell senescence phenotype. TUNEL and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were used to detect renal apoptosis. Protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax, STAT1, p53 and p21 were measured by Western Blot. Results STAT1 intervention ameliorated renal function. H&E staining indicated that STAT1-deficient (stat1−/−) improved the renal tubular injury, and stat1−/− obviously inhibited the apoptosis and Caspase-3+ number in kidney tissues. Besides, stat1−/− decreased proteinuria, and the levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine as well as that of reactive oxygen species induced by ADR. Also, stat1−/− resulted in the reduced expression of p53 and p21. Conclusions Our current study strongly demonstrated the involvement of the STAT1-p53-p21 axis in the regulation of CN and is a potential target for the nephrosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Nephrology Department, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Nephrology Department, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhaozhi Liang
- Nephrology Department, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim HS, Lee JS, Lee HK, Park EJ, Jeon HW, Kang YJ, Lee TY, Kim KS, Bae SC, Park JH, Han SB. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Renal Inflammation in Adriamycin-induced Nephropathy. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e36. [PMID: 31720047 PMCID: PMC6829076 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ameliorate the renal injury in Adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy, but the mechanisms underlying their efficacy remain incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrated that MSCs increased the survival, recovered body weight loss, and decreased proteinuria and serum creatinine levels in ADR-treated mice. MSCs also prevented podocyte damage and renal fibrosis by decreasing the expression of fibronectin, collagen 1α1, and α-smooth muscle actin. From a mechanistic perspective, MSCs inhibited renal inflammation by lowering the expression of CCL4, CCL7, CCL19, IFN-α/β, TGF-β, TNF-α, and chitinase 3-like 1. In summary, our data demonstrate that MSCs improve renal functions by inhibiting renal inflammation in ADR-induced nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Sook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Jae Seob Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Hong Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Eun Jae Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Tae Yong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
- Bioengineering Institute, Corestem Inc., Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kyung Suk Kim
- Bioengineering Institute, Corestem Inc., Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khan N, Park J, Dean WL, Gray RD, Tse W, Lee D, Sabo TM. Recombinant expression and purification of AF1q and its interaction with T-cell Factor 7. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 165:105499. [PMID: 31541685 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The protein ALL1 fused from chromosome 1q (AF1q) is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and acts to activate several signaling pathways that lead to oncogenesis. For example, AF1q has been shown to interact with T-cell Factor 7 (TCF7; also known as TCF1) from the Wnt/β-catenin pathway resulting in the transcriptional activation of the CD44 and the enhancement of breast cancer metastasis. Despite the importance of AF1q in facilitating oncogenesis and metastasis, the structural and biophysical properties of AF1q remain largely unexplored due to the absence of a viable method for producing recombinant protein. Here, we report the overexpression of AF1q in E. coli as a fusion to a N-terminal His6-tag, which forms inclusion bodies (IBs) during expression. The AF1q protein was purified from IBs under denaturing conditions by immobilized metal affinity chromatography followed by a successful one-step dialysis refolding. Refolded AF1q was further purified to homogeneity by gel filtration chromatography resulting in an overall yield of 35 mg/L culture. Our nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) measurements reveal AF1q interacts with TCF7, specifically with TCF7's high-mobility group (HMG) domain (residues 154-237), which is, to our knowledge, the first biophysical characterization of the AF1q and TCF7 interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazimuddin Khan
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jino Park
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - William L Dean
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Robert D Gray
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - William Tse
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Donghan Lee
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - T Michael Sabo
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu T, Chen XM, Sun JY, Jiang XS, Wu Y, Yang S, Huang HZ, Ruan XZ, Du XG. Palmitic Acid-Induced Podocyte Apoptosis via the Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Mitochondrial Pathway. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:206-219. [PMID: 29490300 DOI: 10.1159/000487673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often accompanied by hyperlipidemia, which accelerates progression of the disease. Podocyte injury can lead to dysfunction of the glomerular filtration barrier, which is associated with proteinuria, a risk marker for the progression of CKD. Our previous studies demonstrated that palmitic acid (PA) can induce podocyte apoptosis; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the specific molecular mechanisms of PA-induced apoptosis in cultured podocytes. METHODS We cultured mouse podocytes and treated them with PA. Then, cell viability was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 colorimetric assay, lipid uptake was assessed by Oil Red O staining and boron-dipyrromethene staining, apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry, mitochondrial injury was assessed by JC-1 staining and transmission electron microscopy, and mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy using the MitoSOX Red reagent. The effects of PA on the mitochondria-mediated caspase activation pathway were investigated by examining the expression of caspase-8, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bax, Bid, cytochrome c, and Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) using western blotting. The translocation of Bax and cytochrome c were detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS PA treatment significantly increased lipid accumulation and induced podocyte apoptosis. We investigated whether the two primary apoptosis signaling pathways (death receptor-mediated pathway and mitochondria-mediated pathway) were involved in the execution of PA-induced podocyte apoptosis, and found that the levels of FADD, caspase-8, and Bid did not significantly change during this process. Meanwhile, PA treatment induced an increase in Bax protein expression and a decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression, with Bax translocation to the mitochondria. Furthermore, PA treatment induced mitochondrial impairment, and triggered the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to cytosol, with a concomitant dose-dependent increase in the levels of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and PARP. Meanwhile, PA treatment increased mitochondrial production of ROS, and the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoTEMPO significantly ameliorated PA-induced podocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that PA induced caspase-dependent podocyte apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, and mitochondrial ROS production participated in this process, thus potentially contributing to podocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-Ye Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu-Shun Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Zhe Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong-Zhong Ruan
- Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Disease, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|