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Melwani-Sadhwani R, Alonso-Agustín ER, Sagols-Ruiz A, Contreras-Madrid AI. Analysis of Oral Health among ADHD-Affected and Non-ADHD Children in Gran Canaria. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:779. [PMID: 38610200 PMCID: PMC11011864 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A study in Gran Canaria assessed the oral health of 53 children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 106 without ADHD, aged 6 to 16 years. Clinical data on dental caries, conservative treatments, and periodontal health were recorded. The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries in children with ADHD and how their habits and behaviors contribute to their oral health status. The results showed that children with ADHD had a significant increase in dental caries, conservative treatments, and gingival bleeding. A connection with diet was found, though it did not have a negative impact. No increase in periodontal index was observed, and no significant relationship with diet, family factors, or breastfeeding was found. The evidence suggests that children with ADHD should undergo frequent dental check-ups to monitor oral health and receive education on the importance of the quality and frequency of tooth brushing. These findings highlight the need to address oral health in children with ADHD and the necessity for adequate dental care in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Melwani-Sadhwani
- Department of Dental Sciences/Faculty of Dentistry, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, 35450 Santa María de Guía, Spain;
| | | | - Audrey Sagols-Ruiz
- Primary Care Management of the Area of Gran Canaria, 35006 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Ana Isabel Contreras-Madrid
- Department of Dental Sciences/Faculty of Dentistry, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, 35450 Santa María de Guía, Spain;
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Drumond VZ, Souza GLN, Pereira MJDC, Mesquita RA, Amin M, Abreu LG. Dental caries in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. Caries Res 2021; 56:3-14. [PMID: 34929707 DOI: 10.1159/000521142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more affected by dental caries than children without ADHD by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis. DESIGN Electronic searches was performed in four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) in July 2021. Grey literature search in OpenGrey, a search in Google Scholar, and searches in the reference list of included articles were also conducted. The eligibility criteria were observational studies in which children with ADHD were compared with children without ADHD with respect to the dental caries. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, applying the Joanna Briggs tool were performed by two reviewers independently. Meta-analysis and assessment of heterogeneity among studies were conducted with the meta-package of RStudio using the R programming language (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria). Results of meta-analysis were provided in mean difference (MD), odds ratio (OR), and confidence intervals (CI). For assessment of heterogeneity, Baujat plot and influence analysis plot were obtained. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included and 10 were incorporated into meta-analyses. The meta-analysis showed that children with ADHD had a higher decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index than their peers without ADHD (I²=42%; MD=0.75 [0.38-1.13]). For decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS) (I²=0; MD=0.39 [-0.02-0.80]) and decayed surfaces (DS/ds) (I²=0%; MD=0.35 [-0.63-1.33]), no difference between groups was observed. In addition, children with ADHD had higher odds of having dental caries than their healthy peers (OR = 3.31 [1.25, 8.73]; I² = 0%). After assessment of heterogeneity among studies, sensitivity analysis was conducted for DMFT. One study was removed and the significant difference between groups remained. Children with ADHD had a significantly higher DMFT index than their peers without ADHD (MD = 0.98 [CI = 0.75, 1.20]; I² = 0%) Risk of bias ranged from low to high. CONCLUSION The main shortcoming of the included studies is the high risk of bias regarding the strategies to deal with confounding factors. Within its limitations, this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that children with ADHD were more likely to develop dental caries than their healthy counterparts. FUNDING No funding Registration: CRD42021238923.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Luíza Nunes Souza
- Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maryam Amin
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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de Moura MDFL, Neves ÉTB, Firmino RT, Costa EMMDB, Ferreira FM, Granville-Garcia AF. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oral health literacy exert an influence on the occurrence of dental caries in early adolescence. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:691-698. [PMID: 33220138 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known regarding the influence of psychosocial factors on dental caries at early adolescence. The study aimed to investigate associations between family environment, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oral health literacy (OHL) with dental caries experience in early adolescence. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 448 12-year-old adolescents at public and private schools in North-eastern Brazil. Parents/guardians and teachers answered the Brazilian version of the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscales (SNAP- IV) for the evaluation of ADHD and a sociodemographic questionnaire. An OHL instrument (BREALD-30) and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales (FACES III) were administered to the adolescents. Caries experience (DMFT) was the dependent variable. Data analysis involved Poisson regression with robust variance (α = 5%). Adolescents with more symptoms of ADHD (teachers' reports) (RR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.31-2.28), those with lower OHL (RR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.01-2.51), those with a lower family income (RR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.03-1.83), and those from families with a greater number of residents in the home (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06-1.31) had greater caries experience. Family adaptability and cohesion were not associated with caries experience. Dental caries experience in early adolescence was influenced by symptoms of ADHD, OHL, and sociodemographic factors.
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Moura MDFLD, Firmino RT, Neves ÉTB, Paiva SM, Ferreira FM, Granville-Garcia AF. Family cohesion and attention deficit exert an influence on visits to the dentist in early adolescence. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2021; 50:164-170. [PMID: 33855742 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether family environment, signs of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oral health literacy (OHL) are associated with visits to the dentist in adolescents. METHODS A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 448 12-year-old adolescents enrolled at schools in the city of Cajazeiras, Brazil. The adolescents answered a validated questionnaire addressing family cohesion and adaptability (FACES III), an OHL measure (Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry [BREALD-30]) and a questionnaire addressing the history of visits to the dentist and previous toothache experience. The parents answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics. Parents and teachers answered the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscales of the Swanson, Nolan & Pelham (SNAP-IV) questionnaire for the detection of signs of ADHD. Multiple Poisson regression with robust variance was used for data analysis (α = 5%). RESULTS The prevalence of having visited a dentist some time in life was higher among adolescents with enmeshed (PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.15) and connected (PR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.13) families and those with attention deficit according to parents' reports (PR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04-1.14). A family income higher than the Brazilian minimum wage (PR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.12) and toothache in the previous six months (PR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11) were also associated with the outcome. CONCLUSION Family cohesion and attention deficit according to parental reports influenced visits to the dentist among adolescents. In contrast, OHL was not associated with the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramon Targino Firmino
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraiba (UEPB), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.,Faculty of Medical Sciences of Campina Grande, UNIFACISA University Center (UNIFACISA), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.,Post-Graduate program in Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érick Tássio Barbosa Neves
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraiba (UEPB), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.,Faculty of Medical Sciences of Campina Grande, UNIFACISA University Center (UNIFACISA), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.,Post-Graduate program in Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Post-Graduate program in Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Morais Ferreira
- Post-Graduate program in Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Ehlers V, Callaway A, Wantzen S, Patyna M, Deschner J, Azrak B. Oral health of children and adolescents with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:258. [PMID: 31766996 PMCID: PMC6878625 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as childhood neurobehavioural disorder. Due to short attention span, oral hygiene and dental treatment of such individuals can be challenging. Aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health of children and adolescents with and without ADHD living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Methods Included in the study were 79 participants (male/female:58/21, age 9–15 years) living in residential care: 34 participants with ADHD and 45 participants without ADHD (control). Oral examination included the following parameters decayed, missing, filled teeth in the primary dentition (dmft), decayed, missing, filled surfaces/teeth in the secondary dentition (DMFS/DMFT), approximal plaque index (API), bruxism and orthodontic treatment. Additionally, oral hygiene, last dental visit and treatment performed, and dietary habits were assessed by questionnaire. Results There were no significant differences in dmft, API, bruxism and oral hygiene habits between groups. However, participants with ADHD tended to have higher DMFS/DMFT values than the control group. Ongoing orthodontic treatment was found more often in the control group. The ADHD group tended to consume acidic/sugary beverages and sweet snacks more often than the controls. Different treatments (control visit/prophylaxis, dental therapy, orthodontic treatment) were performed at the last dental visit in the two groups. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, oral health was similar in children and adolescents with or without ADHD from the same residential care setting. Parents/guardians need instructions for better supervision of oral hygiene and dietary habits to improve the poor oral health of children with or without ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Ehlers
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Angelika Callaway
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sophia Wantzen
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Patyna
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Birgül Azrak
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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