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López-Arvizu A, Rocha-Mendoza D, Farrés A, Ponce-Alquicira E, García-Cano I. Improved antimicrobial spectrum of the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase from Latilactobacillus sakei upon LysM domain deletion. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:196. [PMID: 34654973 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase in Latilactobacillus sakei isolated from a fermented meat product was cloned in two forms: its complete sequence (AmiC) and a truncated sequence without one of its anchoring LysM domains (AmiLysM4). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of LysM domain deletion on antibacterial activity as well the biochemical characterization of each recombinant protein. AmiC and AmiLysM4 were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. Using a zymography method, two bands with lytic activity were observed, which were confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis, with molecular masses of 71 kDa (AmiC) and 66 kDa (AmiLysM4). The recombinant proteins were active against Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus strains. The inhibitory spectrum of AmiLysM4 was broader than AmiC as it showed inhibition of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Weissella viridescens, both microorganisms associated with food decomposition. Optimal temperature and pH values were determined for both proteins using L-alanine-p-nitroanilide hydrochloride as a substrate for N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity. Both proteins showed similar maximum activity values for pH (8) and temperature (50 °C). Furthermore, structural predictions did not show differences for the catalytic region, but differences were found for the region called 2dom-AmiLysM4, which includes 4 of the 5 LysM domains. Therefore, modification of the LysM domain offers new tools for the development of novel food biopreservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana López-Arvizu
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico, México
| | - Diana Rocha-Mendoza
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amelia Farrés
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química UNAM, Mexico, México
| | - Edith Ponce-Alquicira
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico, México.
| | - Israel García-Cano
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico, México. .,Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Characterization of antibacterial activity of a N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase produced by Latilactobacillus sakei isolated from salami. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:65. [PMID: 33740141 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are the predominant group within meat products, whose metabolites such as bacteriocins and peptidoglycan hydrolases inhibit pathogenic or spoilage bacteria. Fermented meat products, as a salami, is a good source to analyze the viable microbiota, due to these products present a low risk to consumer health. The aim of this work was to identify the lactic acid bacteria with broad antibacterial activity present in salami, purify the protein responsible for this activity, achieve antagonistic spectrum and perform the biochemical characterization. Five strains from salami were selected, isolated and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by antagonism assay and zymography, using spoilage microorganisms commonly found in meat products. The strain that showed a broad antibacterial activity was Latilactobacillus sakei and the antibacterial activity was given by a protein with 75-kDa of molecular mass, identified by LC/MALDI-TOF/TOF. The sequence analysis showed 67% of identity with a N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase protein with five non-identical LysM domains. The purified protein showed an optimal pH of 8.0 and heat resistance at 80 °C for 10 min. L. sakei strain displayed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive spoilage microorganisms. The results of this study provide the information to use Latilactobacillus sakei as a starter culture which will provide the necessary metabolites to combat undesirable microorganisms. Additionally, the conditions and properties for the best application and use of the antibacterial protein produced by this strain. This protein may have a potential use in the food industry as a new antibacterial agent.
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Oh HK, Hwang YJ, Hong HW, Myung H. Comparison of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm Removal Efficiency among Bacteriophage PBEF129, Its Endolysin, and Cefotaxime. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030426. [PMID: 33800040 PMCID: PMC7999683 DOI: 10.3390/v13030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive pathogen which colonizes human intestinal surfaces, forming biofilms, and demonstrates a high resistance to many antibiotics. Especially, antibiotics are less effective for eradicating biofilms and better alternatives are needed. In this study, we have isolated and characterized a bacteriophage, PBEF129, infecting E. faecalis. PBEF129 infected a variety of strains of E. faecalis, including those exhibiting antibiotic resistance. Its genome is a linear double-stranded DNA, 144,230 base pairs in length. Its GC content is 35.9%. The closest genomic DNA sequence was found in Enterococcus phage vB_EfaM_Ef2.3, with a sequence identity of 99.06% over 95% query coverage. Furthermore, 75 open reading frames (ORFs) were functionally annotated and five tRNA-encoding genes were found. ORF 6 was annotated as a phage endolysin having an L-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase activity. We purified the enzyme as a recombinant protein and confirmed its enzymatic activity. The endolysin’s host range was observed to be wider than its parent phage PBEF129. When applied to bacterial biofilm on the surface of in vitro cultured human intestinal cells, it demonstrated a removal efficacy of the same degree as cefotaxime, but much lower than its parent bacteriophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Keun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Gyung-Gi Do 17035, Korea; (H.K.O.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Yoon Jung Hwang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Gyung-Gi Do 17035, Korea; (H.K.O.); (Y.J.H.)
| | | | - Heejoon Myung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Gyung-Gi Do 17035, Korea; (H.K.O.); (Y.J.H.)
- LyseNTech Co. Ltd., Gyung-Gi Do 17035, Korea;
- Bacteriophage Bank of Korea, Yong-In, Mo-Hyun, Gyung-Gi Do 17035, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Xie M, Li Y, Xu L, Zhang S, Ye H, Sun F, Mei R, Su X. Optimization of bacterial cytokine protein production by response surface methodology for environmental bioremediation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36105-36115. [PMID: 35492803 PMCID: PMC9043431 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03565g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural and engineered systems, most microorganisms would enter a state of dormancy termed as “viable but non-culturable” (VBNC) state when they are exposed to unpredictable environmental stress. One of the major advances in resuscitating from such a state is the discovery of a kind of bacterial cytokine protein called resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf), which is secreted from Micrococcus luteus. In this study, the optimization of Rpf production was investigated by the response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that an empirical quadratic model well predicted the Rpf yield, and the highest Rpf protein yield could be obtained at the optimal conditions of 59.56 mg L−1 IPTG, cell density 0.69, induction temperature 20.82 °C and culture time 7.72 h. Importantly, Phyre2 web portal characterized the structure of the Rpf domain to have a shared homology with lysozymes, and the highest lysozyme activity was at pH 5 and 50 °C. This study broadens the knowledge of Rpf production and provided potential strategies to apply Rpf as a bioactivator for environmental bioremediation. A group of secreted proteins from M. luteus, recognized as resuscitation promoting factors (Rpf) can resuscitate the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state bacteria which have the potential function of environmental bioremediation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Xie
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688#, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yilin Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688#, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Luning Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688#, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- The Management Center of Wuyanling National Natural Reserve in Zhejiang, Wenzhou 325500, China
| | - Hongyu Ye
- Eco-Environmental Science Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Faqian Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688#, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Rongwu Mei
- Eco-Environmental Science Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Xiaomei Su
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688#, Jinhua 321004, China
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Ruiz-May E, Altúzar-Molina A, Elizalde-Contreras JM, Arellano-de los Santos J, Monribot-Villanueva J, Guillén L, Vázquez-Rosas-Landa M, Ibarra-Laclette E, Ramírez-Vázquez M, Ortega R, Aluja M. A First Glimpse of the Mexican Fruit Fly Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Antenna Morphology and Proteome in Response to a Proteinaceous Attractant. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218086. [PMID: 33138264 PMCID: PMC7663321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastrepha ludens is a key pest of mangoes and citrus from Texas to Costa Rica but the mechanisms of odorant perception in this species are poorly understood. Detection of volatiles in insects occurs mainly in the antenna, where molecules penetrate sensillum pores and link to soluble proteins in the hemolymph until reaching specific odor receptors that trigger signal transduction and lead to behavioral responses. Scrutinizing the molecular foundation of odorant perception in A. ludens is necessary to improve biorational management strategies against this pest. After exposing adults of three maturity stages to a proteinaceous attractant, we studied antennal morphology and comparative proteomic profiles using nano-LC-MS/MS with tandem mass tags combined with synchronous precursor selection (SPS)-MS3. Antennas from newly emerged flies exhibited dense agglomerations of olfactory sensory neurons. We discovered 4618 unique proteins in the antennas of A. ludens and identified some associated with odor signaling, including odorant-binding and calcium signaling related proteins, the odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco), and putative odorant-degrading enzymes. Antennas of sexually immature flies exhibited the most upregulation of odor perception proteins compared to mature flies exposed to the attractant. This is the first report where critical molecular players are linked to the odor perception mechanism of A. ludens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliel Ruiz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (J.M.E.-C.); (J.A.-d.l.S.); (J.M.-V.); (E.I.-L.); (M.R.-V.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.-M.); (M.A.)
| | - Alma Altúzar-Molina
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (A.A.-M.); (L.G.); (M.V.-R.-L.); (R.O.)
| | - José M. Elizalde-Contreras
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (J.M.E.-C.); (J.A.-d.l.S.); (J.M.-V.); (E.I.-L.); (M.R.-V.)
| | - Jiovanny Arellano-de los Santos
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (J.M.E.-C.); (J.A.-d.l.S.); (J.M.-V.); (E.I.-L.); (M.R.-V.)
| | - Juan Monribot-Villanueva
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (J.M.E.-C.); (J.A.-d.l.S.); (J.M.-V.); (E.I.-L.); (M.R.-V.)
| | - Larissa Guillén
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (A.A.-M.); (L.G.); (M.V.-R.-L.); (R.O.)
| | - Mirna Vázquez-Rosas-Landa
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (A.A.-M.); (L.G.); (M.V.-R.-L.); (R.O.)
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (J.M.E.-C.); (J.A.-d.l.S.); (J.M.-V.); (E.I.-L.); (M.R.-V.)
| | - Mónica Ramírez-Vázquez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (J.M.E.-C.); (J.A.-d.l.S.); (J.M.-V.); (E.I.-L.); (M.R.-V.)
| | - Rafael Ortega
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (A.A.-M.); (L.G.); (M.V.-R.-L.); (R.O.)
| | - Martín Aluja
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (A.A.-M.); (L.G.); (M.V.-R.-L.); (R.O.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.-M.); (M.A.)
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