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Gurala D, Al Moussawi H, Philipose J, Abergel JR. Acute Liver Failure in a COVID-19 Patient Without any Preexisting Liver Disease. Cureus 2020; 12:e10045. [PMID: 32983735 PMCID: PMC7515790 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, an outbreak of novel coronavirus started in Wuhan, China, which gradually spread to the entire world. The World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, officially announced the name for the disease as coronavirus disease 2019, abbreviated as COVID-19. It is caused by severe respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The WHO declared SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes fever as well as respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. Gastrointestinal/hepatic sequelae such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and elevated liver enzymes have been reported as well. Studies and data so far on coronavirus infections from China, Singapore, and other countries showed that liver enzymes elevation could be seen in 20-50% of cases. More severe disease can correlate with the worsening of liver enzymes. However, acute liver failure in patients with COVID-19 has not been described. Herein we report a case of acute liver failure in an elderly patient with COVID-19 infection who did not have a history of preexisting liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhineshreddy Gurala
- Internal Medicine, Northwell Health-Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, USA
| | - Hassan Al Moussawi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health-Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, USA
| | - Jobin Philipose
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health-Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Abergel
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health-Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, USA
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Horton WJ, Jensen M, Sebastian A, Praul CA, Albert I, Bartell PA. Transcriptome Analyses of Heart and Liver Reveal Novel Pathways for Regulating Songbird Migration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6058. [PMID: 30988315 PMCID: PMC6465361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many birds undertake long biannual voyages during the night. During these times of the year birds drastically reduce their amount of sleep, yet curiously perform as well on tests of physical and cognitive performance than during non-migrating times of the year. This inherent physiological protection disappears when birds are forced to stay awake at other times of the year; thus these protective changes are only associated with the nocturnal migratory state. The goal of the current study was to identify the physiological mechanisms that confer protection against the consequences of sleep loss while simultaneously allowing for the increased physical performance required for migration. We performed RNA-seq analyses of heart and liver collected from birds at different times of day under different migratory states and analyzed these data using differential expression, pathway analysis and WGCNA. We identified changes in gene expression networks implicating multiple systems and pathways. These pathways regulate many aspects of metabolism, immune function, wound repair, and protection of multiple organ systems. Consequently, the circannual program controlling the appearance of the migratory phenotype involves the complex regulation of diverse gene networks associated with the physical demands of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Horton
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Matthew Jensen
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Craig A Praul
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Istvan Albert
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Paul A Bartell
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Center for Brain, Behavior & Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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