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Xu Q, Yu Z, Mei Q, Shi K, Shen J, Gao G, Liu S, Li M. Keratin 6A (KRT6A) promotes radioresistance, invasion, and metastasis in lung cancer via p53 signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7060-7072. [PMID: 38656878 PMCID: PMC11087103 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is reported that the incidence rate and mortality of lung cancer are very high. Therefore, early diagnosis and identification of specific biomarkers are crucial for the clinical treatment of lung cancer. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the prognostic significance of KRT6A in human lung cancer. METHODS The GEO2R online tool was utilized to analyze the differential expression of mRNA between lung carcinoma tissues and radioresistant tissues in the GSE73095 and GSE197236 datasets. DAVID database was used to perform GO and KEGG enrichment analyses on target genes. The Kaplan-Meier plotter tool was used to analyze the impact of key messenger ribonucleic acid on the survival status of lung cancer. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to investigate the impact of key genes on the phenotype of lung cancer cells. After the knockout, we conducted cell migration and CCK-8 experiments to detect their effects on cell proliferation and invasion. RESULTS 40 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were chosen from GSE73095 and 118 DEGs were chosen from GSE197236. Kaplan-Meier map analysis showed that the overall cancer survival rate of the high-expression KRT6A group was higher than that of the low-expression group (P < 0.05). Besides, cell experiments have shown that when the KRT6A gene is downregulated, the proliferation and invasion ability of lung cancer cells is weakened. CONCLUSIONS Our research concluded that KRT6A may take part in the radioresistance and progression of lung cancer and can be a potential biomarker for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Xiangcheng People’s Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Ziyang Yu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Qiteng Mei
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Kejun Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Jiaofeng Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Guangyu Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Songtao Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, People’s Republic of China
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Mashukov A, Shapochka D, Seleznov O, Kobyliak N, Falalyeyeva T, Kirkilevsky S, Yarema R, Sulaieva O. Histological differentiation impacts the tumor immune microenvironment in gastric carcinoma: Relation to the immune cycle. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:5259-5271. [PMID: 34497449 PMCID: PMC8384749 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i31.5259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various histological types of gastric carcinomas (GCs) differ in terms of their pathogenesis and their preexisting background, both of which could impact the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). However, the current understanding of the immune contexture of GC is far from complete. AIM To clarify the tumor-host immune interplay through histopathological features and the tumor immune cycle concept. METHODS In total, 50 GC cases were examined (15 cases of diffuse GC, 31 patients with intestinal-type GC and 4 cases of mucinous GC). The immunophenotype of GC was assessed and classified as immune desert (ID), immune excluded (IE) or inflamed (Inf) according to CD8+ cell count and spatial pattern. In addition, CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression were estimated. RESULTS We found that GCs with different histological differentiation demonstrated distinct immune contexture. Most intestinal-type GCs had inflamed TIMEs rich in both CD8+ cells and macrophages. In contrast, more aggressive diffuse-type GC more often possessed ID characteristics with few CD8+ lymphocytes but abundant CD68+ macrophages, while mucinous GC had an IE-TIME with a prevalence of CD68+ macrophages and CD8+ lymphocytes in the peritumor stroma. PD-L1 expression prevailed mostly in intestinal-type Inf-GC, with numerous CD163+ cells observed. Therefore, GCs of different histological patterns have specific mechanisms of immune escape. While intestinal-type GC was more often related to PD-L1 expression, diffuse and mucinous GCs possessing more aggressive behavior demonstrated low immunogenicity and a lack of tumor antigen recognition or immune cell recruitment into the tumor clusters. CONCLUSION These data help to clarify the links between tumor histogenesis and immunogenicity for a better understanding of GC biology and more tailored patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Mashukov
- Department of Oncology, Odessa National Medical University, Odessa 65082, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Shapochka
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Genetics, Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii Seleznov
- Department of Pathology, Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Department of Pathology, Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
- Department of Endocrinology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Falalyeyeva
- Biomedicine, Educational-Scientific Center, "Institute of Biology and Medicine" Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Roman Yarema
- Department of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Sulaieva
- Department of Pathology, Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
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Rihawi K, Ricci AD, Rizzo A, Brocchi S, Marasco G, Pastore LV, Llimpe FLR, Golfieri R, Renzulli M. Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Inflammatory Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer: Novel Translational Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083805. [PMID: 33916915 PMCID: PMC8067563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) represents the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, with a poor prognosis in patients with advanced disease despite many improvements in systemic treatments in the last decade. In fact, GC has shown resistance to several treatment options, and thus, notable efforts have been focused on the research and identification of novel therapeutic targets in this setting. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in several malignancies including GC, due to its pivotal role in cancer progression and drug resistance. Therefore, several agents and therapeutic strategies targeting the TME are currently under assessment in both preclinical and clinical studies. The present study provides an overview of available evidence of the inflammatory TME in GC, highlighting different types of tumor-associated cells and implications for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Rihawi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (K.R.); (A.D.R.); (A.R.); (F.L.R.L.)
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (K.R.); (A.D.R.); (A.R.); (F.L.R.L.)
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (K.R.); (A.D.R.); (A.R.); (F.L.R.L.)
| | - Stefano Brocchi
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (L.V.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Giovanni Marasco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luigi Vincenzo Pastore
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (L.V.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Fabiola Lorena Rojas Llimpe
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (K.R.); (A.D.R.); (A.R.); (F.L.R.L.)
| | - Rita Golfieri
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (L.V.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Matteo Renzulli
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.B.); (L.V.P.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0512142958; Fax: +39-0512142805
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Sadowska A, Zapora E, Sawicka D, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Surażyński A, Sułkowska-Ziaja K, Kała K, Stocki M, Wołkowycki M, Bakier S, Pawlik A, Jaszek M, Muszyńska B, Car H. Heterobasidion annosum Induces Apoptosis in DLD-1 Cells and Decreases Colon Cancer Growth in In Vivo Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103447. [PMID: 32414138 PMCID: PMC7279362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of substances from medicinal mushrooms is one of the interesting approaches to improve cancer therapy. In this study, we commenced a new attempt in the field of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. sensu lato to further extend our knowledge on this basidiomycete fungus. For this purpose, analysis of the active substances of Heterobasidion annosum methanolic extract and also its influence on colorectal cancer in terms of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. In vivo studies on mice were conducted to verify its acute toxicity and to further affirm its anticancer potential. Results indicated that all the most common substances of best known medicinal mushrooms that are also responsible for their biological activity are present in tested extracts. In vitro tests showed a high hemocompatibility and a significant decrease in viability and proliferation of DLD-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner of Heterobasidion annosum extract. The studies performed on xenograft model of mice showed lower tendency of tumor growth in the group of mice receiving Heterobasidion annosum extract as well as mild or moderate toxicity. Obtained results suggest beneficial potential of Heterobasidion annosum against colon cancer as cytotoxic agent or as adjuvant anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (D.S.); (K.N.-L.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-5554
| | - Ewa Zapora
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (E.Z.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Diana Sawicka
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (D.S.); (K.N.-L.); (H.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (D.S.); (K.N.-L.); (H.C.)
| | - Arkadiusz Surażyński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.-Z.); (K.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Kała
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.-Z.); (K.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Marcin Stocki
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (E.Z.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Marek Wołkowycki
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (E.Z.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Sławomir Bakier
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (E.Z.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Anna Pawlik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Magdalena Jaszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.-Z.); (K.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (D.S.); (K.N.-L.); (H.C.)
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Changes in the frequency of myeloid-derived suppressor cells after transarterial chemoembolization with gelatin sponge microparticles for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Interv Med 2019; 2:21-26. [PMID: 34805865 PMCID: PMC8562264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jimed.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A series of clinical studies have established the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with gelatin sponge microparticles (GSMs) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC can lead to obvious necrosis inside tumors, especially larger ones, although it is unclear whether such necrotic tumor tissue can induce favorable immune reactions against the tumor. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have immunosuppressive functions and are currently considered a very important cell type affecting tumor immunity. This study observed changes in MDSC frequency in peripheral blood before and after GSM–TACE to evaluate the effect on the immune function of HCC patients. Methods Eight patients diagnosed with HCC underwent GSM–TACE treatment in the Hepatobiliary Interventional Department of Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, Beijing, China; we followed up with the patients over a period of 30 days post-surgery. We used flow cytometry (FCM) to quantify the frequency of MDSCs in peripheral blood before TACE, 10 days after surgery and 30 days after surgery. Results MDSC frequency after GSM–TACE had a significant downward trend. Pre-TACE, it was 30.73% ± 11.93%, decreasing to 18.60% ± 11.37% at 10 days after operation. This decrease was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). MDSC frequency was even lower 30 days after TACE (7.63% ± 7.32%) than at 10 days after TACE (P < 0.05), and there was a significant difference compared with pre-TACE (P < 0.001). We evaluated tumor response at 30 days after GSM–TACE according to the Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST), and all eight patients showed partial response (PR). Conclusion Our results confirmed that GSM–TACE was beneficial for improving anti-tumor immunity in the treatment of HCC.
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Resolution of Gastric Cancer-Promoting Inflammation: A Novel Strategy for Anti-cancer Therapy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:319-359. [PMID: 31123895 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The connection between inflammation and cancer was initially recognized by Rudolf Virchow in the nineteenth century. During the last decades, a large body of evidence has provided support to his hypothesis, and now inflammation is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer, both in etiopathogenesis and ongoing tumor growth. Infection with the pathogen Helicobacter pylori is the primary causal factor in 90% of gastric cancer (GC) cases. As we increase our understanding of how chronic inflammation develops in the stomach and contributes to carcinogenesis, there is increasing interest in targeting cancer-promoting inflammation as a strategy to treat GC. Moreover, once cancer develops and anti-cancer immune responses are suppressed, there is evidence of a substantial shift in the microenvironment and new targets for immune therapy emerge. In this chapter, we provide insight into inflammation-related factors, including T lymphocytes, macrophages, pro-inflammatory chemokines, and cytokines, which promote H. pylori-associated GC initiation and growth. While intervening with chronic inflammation is not a new practice in rheumatology or gastroenterology, this approach has not been fully explored for its potential to prevent carcinogenesis or to contribute to the treatment of GC. This review highlights current and possible strategies for therapeutic intervention including (i) targeting pro-inflammatory mediators, (ii) targeting growth factors and pathways involved in angiogenesis in the gastric tumor microenvironment, and (iii) enhancing anti-tumor immunity. In addition, we highlight a significant number of clinical trials and discuss the importance of individual tumor characterization toward offering personalized immune-related therapy.
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