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Saidani B, Saadi A, Bedoui MA, Zaghbib S, Chakroun M, Slama RB. Leiomyosarcoma of the bladder: A review and a report of four further cases. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 110:108735. [PMID: 37657389 PMCID: PMC10509912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Our study aims to expose the experience of our department in dealing with bladder leiomyosarcomas and illustrate the management tools of this rare pathology. CASE PRESENTATION We present a retrospective study of 4 cases of bladder leiomyosarcoma, gathered in the Department of Urology during the period of 1996-2022. All our patients were exclusively male and aged between 35 and 73 years. No history of pelvic irradiation nor chemotherapy was found in our patients. Three patients had high-grade leiomyosarcoma and pT2 stage whereas only one had a low-grade tumour. Three patients underwent radical treatment by cystoprostatectomy with extensive bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection and one patient was treated by endoscopic re-resection and endoscopic monitoring. We noticed 2 lymph nodes and liver metastasis recurrences in 2 patients treated by radical surgery while 2 patients didn't present recurrences at two years of follow-up. CLINICAL DISCUSSION To date, there is no clear and precise therapeutic approach for the treatment of bladder leiomyosarcoma. Little is known about the long term survival associated with these tumours. All studies agree that the prognosis for bladder leiomyosarcoma is poor, if not diagnosed early, especially those presenting with an undifferentiated tumour grade, distant metastatis and treated without surgical therapy. CONCLUSION Bladder leiomyosarcoma is a rare and highly aggressive tumour. The anatomopathological examination provides diagnosis and prognosis assessment. Radical surgery remains the most suitable therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilel Saidani
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Saadi
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Bedoui
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Selim Zaghbib
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marouene Chakroun
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ben Slama
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Bettoli P, Liu Z, Jara N, Bakal F, Wong W, Terlizzi M, Sargos P, Zilli T, Thariat J, Sole S, Ploussard G, Goyal S, Chung P, Berlin A, Sole C. Primary Bladder Sarcoma: A multi-institutional experience from the Rare Cancer Network. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2023; 95:11533. [PMID: 37491942 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2023.11533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OR OBJECTIVE Primary sarcoma of the urinary bladder (SUB) is a rare but aggressive form of bladder cancer (BCa). Available evidence on SUB is limited to case reports and small series. The aim of the present multi-institutional study was to assess the clinical features, treatments, and outcomes of patients with SUB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a standardized database, 7 institutions retrospectively collected the demographics, risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment modalities and follow-up data on patients with SUB between January 1994 and September 2021. The main inclusion criteria included BCa with soft tissue tumor histology and sarcomatoid differentiation. RESULTS Fifty-three patients (38 men and 15 women) were identified. Median follow-up was 18 months (range 1-263 months). Median age at presentation was 69 years (range 16-89 years). Twenty-six percent of patients had a prior history of pelvic radiotherapy (RT), and 37% were previous smokers. The main presenting symptoms at diagnosis were hematuria (52%), pelvic pain (27%), and both hematuria and pelvic pain (10%). American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8 th edition stage II, III and IV at diagnosis were 21%, 63% and 16%, respectively. Treatment modalities included surgery alone (45%), surgery plus neo- or adjuvant-chemotherapy (17%), surgery plus neo- or adjuvant-RT (11%), RT with concurrent chemotherapy (4%), neo-adjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery plus adjuvant RT (2%) and palliative treatment (21%). Rates of local and distant recurrences were 49% and 37%, respectively. Five-year overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) were 66.5% and 37.6%, respectively. No statistically significant differences in PFS between the treatment modalities were observed. CONCLUSIONS Primary SUB is a heterogeneous disease group, commonly presenting at advanced stages and exhibiting aggressive disease evolution. In contrast to urothelial carcinoma, the primary pattern of recurrence of SUB is local, suggesting the need for multimodal approaches. Continuous international collaborative efforts seem warranted to provide guidance on how to best tailor treatments based on SUB-specific indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Bettoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago.
| | - ZhihuiAmy Liu
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
| | - Natalia Jara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Instituto de Radiomedicina, Santiago.
| | - Federico Bakal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago.
| | - William Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix.
| | - Mario Terlizzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute Bergonie, Bordeaux.
| | - Paul Sargos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute Bergonie, Bordeaux.
| | - Thomas Zilli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva.
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Centre Francoise Baclese, Caen.
| | - Sebastian Sole
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Instituto de Radiomedicina, Santiago; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago.
| | | | - Sharad Goyal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington DC.
| | - Peter Chung
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
| | - Alejandro Berlin
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
| | - Claudio Sole
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Instituto de Radiomedicina, Santiago; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago.
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Boutaggount F, Maskrout M, Mokfi R, Rais G. Synchronous primary tumors of the bladder: Successfully managed case. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:3982-3986. [PMID: 36032212 PMCID: PMC9411178 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of 2 primary bladder tumors of different histogenesis is very rare. Synchronous leiomyosarcoma LMS of the bladder and urothelial carcinoma are even rarer. We report here the case of a 48-year-old patient who presented with hematuria and symptoms of bladder irritation. Cystoscopy showed a superficial bladder tumor which occupies the entire bladder lumen. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) was performed and revealed a noninvasive low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma pTa with nonvisualized muscularis. A second TURBT could not remove any muscle. The decision for a radical cystectomy was performed with Bricker derivation and pelvic lymph node dissection to control bleeding. The final pathology demonstrated concurrent urothelial carcinoma and leiomyosarcoma LMS. In this report, we presented a unique case of urinary bladder leiomyosarcoma with noninvasive urothelial carcinoma. The rarity of this association and its clinical similarity to other common tumors, including infiltrative urothelial tumors, leading to misdiagnosis, are also described.
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Hart AA, Schlaepfer CH, Dhungana N, Milhem MM, Packiam VT. Surgical management for giant bladder leiomyosarcoma. Urol Case Rep 2022; 42:101995. [PMID: 35059300 PMCID: PMC8760472 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2022.101995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While urothelial carcinoma is the most common histologic type of bladder cancer in the United States, leiomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive variant. The rarity of bladder leiomyosarcoma results in uncertainty regarding the optimal treatment pathway. We report on a patient with a giant non-metastatic bladder leiomyosarcoma effectively managed with primary surgical intervention without chemoradiation.
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Vias P, Goyal S, Periasamy K, Madan R, Devana SK, Bal A, Kundu R. Leiomyosarcoma of urinary bladder with unusual recurrence in intestinal mucosa and peritoneum: a case report. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:38. [PMID: 34897558 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leiomyosarcomas of urinary bladder constitute rare malignant sarcomas with very few cases reported in literature. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we present a case of bladder leiomyosarcoma in a well-preserved female. She failed to respond to standard chemotherapy and had a rapidly downhill course with unusual metastases in anastomotic site and peritoneum soon after surgery. Despite multimodality management including resection of primary and metastatic site, systemic therapy and pelvic radiotherapy, our patient had dismal prognosis with an overall survival of 1.7 years. CONCLUSION Leiomyosarcomas of bladder are aggressive tumors and have a very poor prognosis; thus, future research should focus on optimizing more effective treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorva Vias
- Department of Radiotherapy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Shikha Goyal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Kannan Periasamy
- Department of Radiotherapy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Renu Madan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Devana
- Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Amanjit Bal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Reetu Kundu
- Department of Cytology and Gynaecological Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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Li S, Liu X, Chen X. Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for predicting overall survival in patients with primary bladder sarcoma: a SEER-based retrospective study. BMC Urol 2021; 21:162. [PMID: 34823525 PMCID: PMC8614032 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary bladder sarcoma (PBS) is a rare malignant tumor of the bladder with a poor prognosis, and its disease course is inadequately understood. Therefore, our study aimed to establish a prognostic model to determine individualized prognosis of patients with PBS. Patients and Methods Data of 866 patients with PBS, registered from 1973 to 2015, were extracted from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end result (SEER) database. The patients included were randomly split into a training (n = 608) and a validation set (n = 258). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to identify the important independent prognostic factors. A nomogram was then established to predict overall survival (OS). Using calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic curves, concordance index (C-index), decision curve analysis (DCA), net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), the performance of the nomogram was internally validated. We compared the nomogram with the TNM staging system. The application of the risk stratification system was tested using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Results Age at diagnosis, T-stage, N-stage, M-stage, and tumor size were identified as independent predictors of OS. C-index of the training cohort were 0.675, 0.670, 0.671 for 1-, 3- and 5-year OS, respectively. And that in the validation cohort were 0.701, 0.684, 0.679, respectively. Calibration curves also showed great prediction accuracy. In comparison with TNM staging system, improved net benefits in DCA, evaluated NRI and IDI were obtained. The risk stratification system can significantly distinguish the patients with different survival risk. Conclusion A prognostic nomogram was developed and validated in the present study to predict the prognosis of the PBS patients. It may assist clinicians in evaluating the risk factors of patients and formulating an optimal individualized treatment strategy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12894-021-00929-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Coiner BL, Cates J, Kamanda S, Giannico GA, Gordetsky JB. Leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder: A SEER database study and comparison to leiomyosarcomas of the uterus and extremities/trunk. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 53:151743. [PMID: 33964611 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
No well-established staging system exists for bladder leiomyosarcoma (LMS), and the current staging system does not include tumor size, a thoroughly validated prognostic parameter for sarcomas. Uterine and extremity/trunk LMS are more common than those in the bladder and have well-established staging systems incorporating tumor size. We aim to improve the understanding of LMS of the urinary bladder by assessing cancer-specific survival (CSS) and comparing LMS at this unusual anatomic site to those arising at other sites using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The SEER database (1973-2013) was queried for bladder, uterus, and trunk/extremity LMS. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to identify predictors of CSS for each anatomic location and used to compare outcomes at different sites. We identified 165 bladder, 4987 uterus, and 2536 extremity/trunk LMS cases. Five-year CSS was 52% for uterus, 73% for bladder, and 82% for extremity/trunk LMS. For LMS at all sites, uterine location (HR = 2.14, P < 0.001) and increasing tumor size (HR = 1.05, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of worse CSS on multivariate analysis. For bladder LMS, increasing tumor size (HR = 1.18, P = 0.003) was an independent prognostic factor and the conventional staging cut-off threshold of 5 cm for sarcomas outside the head/neck showed statistical significance in stratifying patient risk of cancer-related death. Bladder LMS appears to have clinical behavior intermediate between those of the extremities/trunk and uterus. We suggest that the conventional sarcoma staging protocols based on tumor size be applied to LMS of the urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin Cates
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sonia Kamanda
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Giovanna A Giannico
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer B Gordetsky
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Surgical Management of Large Liver Metastases from Urinary Bladder Leiomyosarcoma. ARS MEDICA TOMITANA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/arsm-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor developed from the smooth muscle. It can arise in different sites especiallyin gastrointestinal tract (stomach, small bowel and colon), genitourinary tract (uterus, bladder and kidney) and the retroperitoneum (inferior vena cava) (1,2). It’s localization in the bladder is rare, representing 0.5% of all urinary bladder malignancies. There are over 210 cases reported in literature(3).Ten to 30% of the patients willpossibly develop metastases and the most common sites are lungs, liver and bone(4,5). There is no concensus on a standard treatment due to its very low incidence.
We report here a rare case of a surgical management of large liver metastases from urinary bladder leiomyosarcoma.
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Ohan H, Minassian G, Minassian H, Farooq T, Zdilla MJ. Retinoblastoma in Infancy with Subsequent Bladder Leiomyosarcoma in Adulthood: Genomic Considerations. Urology 2020; 140:38-40. [PMID: 32197986 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary retinoblastoma is attributed to germline mutation in an RB1 tumor suppressor gene followed by somatic mutation in the other allele. This report details a case of leiomyosarcoma of the bladder in a 24-year-old man with a history of retinoblastoma treated by enucleation and radiotherapy in infancy. Leiomyosarcoma is the most common secondary soft tissue malignancy in retinoblastoma survivors; however, leiomyosarcoma of the bladder in retinoblastoma survivors is very rare. Survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma should be monitored closely for secondary malignancies, and there should be an increased suspicion of malignancy. Furthermore, tumors can occur outside the field of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hovsep Ohan
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine (PALM), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV
| | | | - Haig Minassian
- Department of Pathology, Bayshore Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Holmdel, NJ
| | - Taliya Farooq
- Department of Pathology, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health Center, Neptune, NJ; Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Matthew J Zdilla
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine (PALM), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV; Department of Biological Sciences, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV; Department of Graduate Health Sciences, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV.
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