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Winds K, Aebi M, Plattner B. Problematic Internet Use Among Adolescent Male and Female Psychiatric Inpatients: A Gender Perspective. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:497-509. [PMID: 36070055 PMCID: PMC10891233 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Problematic internet use (PIU) is of treatment interest in adolescent clinical samples. Gender specific differences in terms of personality traits and psychopathological symptoms remain unclear. In an adolescent clinical sample (n = 104; 69 girls) PIU, psychopathology, temperament and character traits as well as emotional and behavioral problems were assessed. 62% of the sample showed subthreshold PIU and 34% full PIU (fPIU). Boys reported more gaming whereas girls social networking. Sex specific analyses revealed gender differences: Girls with fPIU scored significantly higher on internalizing/externalizing problems/behavior, novelty seeking and transcendence, and lower on persistence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness than girls without fPIU. Boys with fPIU scored significantly higher on internalizing problems and self-transcendence and lower on harm avoidance than boys without fPIU. Gender plays an important role in PIU. Gender specific differences in both application use as well as symptomatic, temperament and character traits call for a gender specific approach in prevention and treatment integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelius Winds
- Christian-Doppler-Clinic, University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marcel Aebi
- Department of Justice and Home Affairs, Research & Development, Corrections and Rehabilitation, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Belinda Plattner
- Christian-Doppler-Clinic, University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Winds K, Marka T, Salcher B, Rieser N, Skrivanek C, Hochrainer M, Trost-Schrems J, Rainer LJ, Hitzl W, Augner C, Plattner B. Glow up: does a professional photoshoot intervention affect self-esteem and emotions among adolescent psychiatric patients?-A longitudinal intervention study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1310252. [PMID: 38463433 PMCID: PMC10920346 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1310252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Today, online communication is shaped by a billion-dollar social media (SM) and social networking site (SNS) industry. Visual content consumed by children and adolescents has been shown to influence behavioral patterns, state emotions, and self-esteem (SE). In this study, we introduced a novel intervention creating visual content through a professional photoshoot and investigated its impact on state emotions and SE in child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) patients. Methods Standardized and validated self-rating questionnaires were used to assess SE, state emotions, coping mechanisms, psychopathological symptoms, and internet use behavior at baseline. SE and state emotions were monitored at different time points around a professional photoshoot within 45 CAP patients (30 female patients; mean age, 15.1 years) using a longitudinal design. Results Within-subject repeated-measures ANOVA and bootstrapped paired-sample t-tests showed a significant fluctuation in state emotions and SE throughout the intervention. Spearman correlations and univariate logistic regressions revealed that internalizing symptomatology and maladaptive coping significantly worsened the outcome of the intervention on state emotions and SE in girls. Internet-related variables heightened the positive effect of the intervention in boys and lowered SE in girls during the intervention. Conclusion The photo intervention had various gender-specific effects. Boys did benefit from the intervention in terms of longitudinal outcome on positive state emotions (PE) and SE, even positively influenced by SNS and SM. Thus, it might be concluded that online social comparison was processed more beneficial in boys. In contrast, when working with visual content in girls, psychopathology and coping must be considered. Internet consumption in general, especially SM and SNS, was related to low SE in girls. Nevertheless, when therapeutically accompanied, the "glow up moment" during the shoot (high on PE and SE; low on negative state emotions) could be used as an index moment for therapeutic reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelius Winds
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Marka
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Salcher
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicole Rieser
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christine Skrivanek
- University Clinics for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michelle Hochrainer
- University Clinics for Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Trost-Schrems
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lucas J. Rainer
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- University Clinics for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- University Clinics for Neurology, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Research Office Biostatistics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Augner
- University Clinics for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute for Human Resources Research in Health Care, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Belinda Plattner
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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[Excessive Use Patterns and Internet Use Disorders: Effects on Psychosocial and Cognitive Development in Adolescence]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2022; 71:345-361. [PMID: 35673789 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2022.71.4.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The growing availability of digital technologies has led to increased rates of using them as a part of daily recreational activity among adolescents. Despite their positive effects, there are ongoing debates of potential harm and health-related negative consequences, particularly when internet activities are performed excessively. This contribution provides an overview on negative aspects of digital technologies by presenting a selection of empirical findings. This overview focuses on a selection of recent methodologically sound studies investigating potential negative effects of digital technologies on the development of adolescents. As main constructs, effects on psychosocial and cognitive development and internet use disorders were investigated. Recently published studies point to substantial associations between internet overuse and negative consequences. Habitual, intense use of the internet is related to higher rates of internalizing symptoms, cognitive distortions, and heightened rates of internet use disorders among adolescents. Given these findings it seems recommendable to provide a close parental monitoring of adolescents discovering virtual worlds. By applying clear rules and supporting development of media literacy, functional use habits can be empowered and harmful effects prevented.The new clinical phenomenon of internet use disorder and its high prevalence among adolescents represents a new challenge for treatment services.
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