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Öz-Arslan D, Yavuz M, Kan B. Exploring orphan GPCRs in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1394516. [PMID: 38895631 PMCID: PMC11183337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1394516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders represent a significant and growing health burden worldwide. Unfortunately, limited therapeutic options are currently available despite ongoing efforts. Over the past decades, research efforts have increasingly focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these devastating conditions. Orphan receptors, a class of receptors with no known endogenous ligands, emerge as promising druggable targets for diverse diseases. This review aims to direct attention to a subgroup of orphan GPCRs, in particular class A orphans that have roles in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Multiple sclerosis. We highlight the diverse roles orphan receptors play in regulating critical cellular processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal survival and neuro-inflammation. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting orphan receptors for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, emphasizing recent advances in drug discovery and preclinical studies. Finally, we outline future directions and challenges in orphan receptor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Öz-Arslan
- Department of Biophysics, Acibadem MAA University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Neurosciences, Acibadem MAA University, Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Melis Yavuz
- Department of Neurosciences, Acibadem MAA University, Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Pharmacology, Acibadem MAA University, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Beki Kan
- Department of Biophysics, Acibadem MAA University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Neurosciences, Acibadem MAA University, Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye
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Akimov MG, Gretskaya NM, Gorbacheva EI, Khadour N, Chernavskaya VS, Sherstyanykh GD, Kovaleko TF, Fomina-Ageeva EV, Bezuglov VV. The Interaction of the Endocannabinoid Anandamide and Paracannabinoid Lysophosphatidylinositol during Cell Death Induction in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2271. [PMID: 38396948 PMCID: PMC10888638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) and paracannabinoid lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) play a significant role in cancer cell proliferation regulation. While anandamide inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells, LPI is known as a cancer stimulant. Despite the known endocannabinoid receptor crosstalk and simultaneous presence in the cancer microenvironment of both molecules, their combined activity has never been studied. We evaluated the effect of LPI on the AEA activity in six human breast cancer cell lines of different carcinogenicity (MCF-10A, MCF-7, BT-474, BT-20, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231) using resazurin and LDH tests after a 72 h incubation. AEA exerted both anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity with EC50 in the range from 31 to 80 µM. LPI did not significantly affect the cell viability. Depending on the cell line, the response to the LPI-AEA combination varied from a decrease in AEA cytotoxicity to an increase in it. Based on the inhibitor analysis of the endocannabinoid receptor panel, we showed that for the former effect, an active GPR18 receptor was required and for the latter, an active CB2 receptor. The data obtained for the first time are important for the understanding the manner by which endocannabinoid receptor ligands acting simultaneously can modulate cancer growth at different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail G. Akimov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.M.G.); (E.I.G.); (N.K.); (V.S.C.); (G.D.S.); (T.F.K.); (E.V.F.-A.); (V.V.B.)
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Wang T, Xia K, Qiu T, Han S, Chen Z, Ma X, Zhang L, Zou J, Zhang Y, Yu B, Kong C, Guo J, Liu Y, Zhou J, Zheng S. A comprehensive survival and prognosis analysis of GPR55 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8930-8947. [PMID: 37688769 PMCID: PMC10522392 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common subtype, accounting for about 90% of all primary liver cancers. The liver is rich in a large number of immune cells, thus forming a special immune microenvironment, which plays a key role in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nowadays, tumor immunotherapy has become one of the most promising cancer treatment methods. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with VEGF inhibitors are listed as first-line treatment options for advanced HCC. Therefore, the search for a potential biomarker to predict the response to immunotherapy in HCC patients is urgently needed. The G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), a lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) receptor, has recently emerged as a potential new target for anti-tumor therapy. Previous studies have found that GPR55 is highly expressed in breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer and cholangiocarcinoma, and is involved in tumor proliferation and migration. However, the role and mechanism of GPR55 in HCC has not been elucidated. Therefore, this article discusses the clinical significance of GPR55 in HCC and its correlation with the immune response of HCC patients, so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Xia
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shangting Han
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongbao Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Ma
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jilin Zou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yalong Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenyang Kong
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Guo
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangqiao Zhou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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Akimov MG, Gamisonia AM, Dudina PV, Gretskaya NM, Gaydaryova AA, Kuznetsov AS, Zinchenko GN, Bezuglov VV. GPR55 Receptor Activation by the N-Acyl Dopamine Family Lipids Induces Apoptosis in Cancer Cells via the Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) Over-Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E622. [PMID: 33435517 PMCID: PMC7826688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR55 is a GPCR of the non-CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptor family, which is activated by lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) and stimulates the proliferation of cancer cells. Anandamide, a bioactive lipid endocannabinoid, acts as a biased agonist of GPR55 and induces cancer cell death, but is unstable and psychoactive. We hypothesized that other endocannabinoids and structurally similar compounds, which are more hydrolytically stable, could also induce cancer cell death via GPR55 activation. We chemically synthesized and tested a set of fatty acid amides and esters for cell death induction via GPR55 activation. The most active compounds appeared to be N-acyl dopamines, especially N-docosahexaenoyl dopamine (DHA-DA). Using a panel of cancer cell lines and a set of receptor and intracellular signal transduction machinery inhibitors together with cell viability, Ca2+, NO, ROS (reactive oxygen species) and gene expression measurement, we showed for the first time that for these compounds, the mechanism of cell death induction differed from that published for anandamide and included neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) overstimulation with concomitant oxidative stress induction. The combination of DHA-DA with LPI, which normally stimulates cancer proliferation and is increased in cancer setting, had an increased cytotoxicity for the cancer cells indicating a therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail G. Akimov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.M.G.); (P.V.D.); (N.M.G.); (A.A.G.); (A.S.K.); (G.N.Z.); (V.V.B.)
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