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Wang Y, Wang L, Wei Y, Wei C, Yang H, Chen Q, Zhang R, Shen H. Advances in the molecular regulation mechanism of tumor dormancy and its therapeutic strategy. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:184. [PMID: 38795254 PMCID: PMC11127899 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor dormancy is a stage in the growth and development of malignant cells and is one of the biological characteristics of malignant cells. Complex transitions involving dormant tumor cells between quiescent and proliferative states pose challenges for tumor eradication. This paper explores the biological features and molecular mechanisms of tumor dormancy and highlights emerging therapies. The strategies discussed promise innovative clinical potential against malignant tumors. Understanding the mechanisms of dormancy can help provide valuable insights into the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors to advance the fight against this world problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaojun Wei
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Wei
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiurui Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Han Shen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Yao GL, Tao YJ, Fan YG. Cutaneous metastasis from gastric cancer: Manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024; 50:107939. [PMID: 38219697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cutaneous metastasis from gastric cancer is very rare. The understanding of this disease is incomplete. This situation delays its diagnosis and treatment, followed by poor prognosis. Here, we first report a study based on a network to improve the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cutaneous metastasis from gastric cancer. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed was performed. All studies on cutaneous metastasis from gastric cancer were collected. The publication date was limited from 2000 to the present, and the language was limited to English. SPSS 26.0 was employed for statistical analysis. RESULTS Seventy-two patients were included. The average patient age was 60.0 ± 16.0 years. In total, 72.2 % of the patients were male. The most common manifestation was nodular skin lesions (45.8 %). The metastases generally presented as multiple lesions (61.1 %). The most common metastasis location was the thoracoabdominal wall (56.9 %). 64.7 % of the patients simultaneously had extracutaneous metastases. Most of the tumors were poorly differentiated carcinomas (87.5 %), and 66.1 % had signet ring cells. 40.8 % of the cutaneous metastases presented as primary manifestations. Only 9.6 % had their diagnosis as soon as the cutaneous metastasis emerged. Systemic chemotherapy (65.6 %) was the most common treatment strategy, followed by radical surgery (12.5 %). The median overall survival was only 6 months. The median overall survival of 5 patients with resected tumors was 48 months. CONCLUSION Cutaneous metastasis from gastric cancer usually manifests as an emerged nodule or erysipelas-like skin lesion. Resection of the cutaneous lesion could be helpful for patients with local metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, 24 Jinghua Road, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Y J Tao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, 24 Jinghua Road, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Y G Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, 24 Jinghua Road, Luoyang, 471000, China.
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3
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Tian L, Ye ZB, Du YL, Li QF, He LY, Zhang HZ. Inflammatory cutaneous metastases originating from gastric cancer: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:8411-8415. [PMID: 38130616 PMCID: PMC10731189 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i35.8411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous metastasis with gastric cancer (GC) origin is extremely rare and associated with poor prognosis. Nodular type is the most common type, while other forms are extremely rare. CASE SUMMARY This study describes severe skin redness, swelling, pain, and fever in a 65-year-old man diagnosed with GC, whose left chest wall, left upper limb, and left back were mainly affected. Firstly, the patient was diagnosed with "lymphangitis" and treated to promote lymphatic return. However, the symptoms were constantly deteriorating, and skin thickening and scattered small nodules gradually appeared. Finally, the skin biopsy confirmed cutaneous metastases, and the patient died 7 d later. CONCLUSION Our case highlights that cutaneous metastasis should be considered when skin lesions appear in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yun-Lei Du
- Department of Emergency, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qiao-Fang Li
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li-Ya He
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
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Pliakou E, Lampropoulou D, Nasi D, Aravantinos G. Skin metastases from gastric cancer, a rare entity masquerading as erysipelas: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:110. [DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Pliakou
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia ‘Agioi Anargiroi’, Athens 14564, Greece
| | - Dimitra Lampropoulou
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia ‘Agioi Anargiroi’, Athens 14564, Greece
| | - Despoina Nasi
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia ‘Agioi Anargiroi’, Athens 14564, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Aravantinos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia ‘Agioi Anargiroi’, Athens 14564, Greece
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Jenvrin A, Lepine C, Bozec PYL, Taieb J, Gallois C. Atypical cutaneous metastases of poorly cohesive carcinoma of the stomach: Letter to the editor. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101795. [PMID: 34481093 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anais Jenvrin
- Paris University; Siric CARPEM, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Charles Lepine
- Paris University; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Pathology Department, Hôpital Européen GeorgesPompidou, Paris, France
| | - Patrick-Yann Le Bozec
- Paris University; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Dermatology Department, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Julien Taieb
- Paris University; Siric CARPEM, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Claire Gallois
- Paris University; Siric CARPEM, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
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Chen JW, Zheng LZ, Xu DH, Lin W. Extensive cutaneous metastasis of recurrent gastric cancer: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6575-6581. [PMID: 34435028 PMCID: PMC8362582 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i22.6575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous metastasis is a rare event associated with poor prognosis for gastric cancer and has been rarely reported in the literature.
CASE SUMMARY A 69-year-old male patient who had undergone salvage gastrectomy and a few courses of adjuvant chemotherapy 3 mo earlier for recurrent gastric cancer developed widespread cutaneous metastases. Due to the patient’s intolerance to further adjuvant chemotherapy, he was placed in hospice care and expired 1 mo later. In the literature, gastric cancers are rarely reported as the primary malignancies for cutaneous metastasis. We, thus, provide an update on a case review published in 2014 by reviewing 10 more case reports dated from 2014 to 2020. The average age for the new group of patients was 59.4 ± 18.88-years-old. Thirty percent of the patients presented with cutaneous lesions and advanced gastric cancer synchronously while 70% developed cutaneous metastases 1.3 years to 14 years after the initial treatment for primary gastric cancer. Eighty percent of the patients received either local excision or chemo ± radiation therapy to treat their cutaneous metastases.
CONCLUSION This report highlights cutaneous metastasis as a late and untreatable metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Long-Zhi Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - De-He Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
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Fukui Y, Kubo N, Sakurai K, Tamamori Y, Maeda K, Ohira M. Metachronous port site, muscular and subcutaneous metastases from a gastric adenocarcinoma: a case report and review of articles. Surg Case Rep 2021; 7:124. [PMID: 34013476 PMCID: PMC8134604 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-021-01202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Port site metastasis (PSM) after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer and muscular metastasis from gastric cancer are rare manifestations. Similarly, subcutaneous metastasis from gastric cancer is rare, and muscular and subcutaneous metastases are associated with poor prognosis. We report a case of long-term survival in a patient who underwent curative resection of gastric cancer and repeated recurrence of port site, muscular and subcutaneous metastases from gastric cancer, treated by resection. Case presentation A 75-year-old man was diagnosed with gastric cancer and referred to our department. Upper endoscopy demonstrated a 5-cm circumferential ulcerated lesion at the cardia. Biopsy findings showed a poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. He underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy with lymph node dissection, and pathologic examination revealed a moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma stage T4aN1M0 and IIIA according to the UICC (Union for International Cancer Control) classification. He refused adjuvant chemotherapy and was only carefully observed. Twenty-three months after the primary gastrectomy, computed tomography (CT) revealed an irregular mass near the port site wounds. Then the patient underwent mass resection, and the pathological diagnosis was consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma, located in the subcutaneous tissue at the port site wounds. Thirteen months after the second surgery, CT revealed an enhanced mass in the abdominal wall. Positron emission tomography (PET) CT showed an elevated uptake in the rectus abdominis muscle and a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 3.1. The patient underwent another mass resection, and the pathological diagnosis was consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma in the rectus abdominis muscle. Thirty-five months after the third surgery, CT revealed a mass in the left gluteal subcutaneous region. Furthermore, PET-CT revealed a 35-mm mass with an elevated SUV of 9.6. Another mass resection procedure was performed, and the pathological diagnosis was consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma in the subcutaneous tissue. Since tumor cells were present at the resection margin, additional radiation therapy was performed. The patient has survived 78 months after primary gastrectomy. Conclusion The prognosis of muscular and subcutaneous metastases from gastric cancer is poor. However, if the metastatic tumor is solitary, surgical excision could be a feasible treatment option and might prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Fukui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-hondori Miyakojima-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 534-0021, Japan.
| | - Naoshi Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-hondori Miyakojima-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 534-0021, Japan
| | - Katsunobu Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-hondori Miyakojima-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 534-0021, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamamori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-hondori Miyakojima-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 534-0021, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-hondori Miyakojima-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 534-0021, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-City, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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Wu X, Li S, An S. Effects of Gentiopicroside on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Cells. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) cells were sorted into six groups: NC, different concentrations of gentiopi-croside, pcDNA-NC, pcDNA-Nrf2, pcDNA-NC + gentiopicroside, and pcDNA-Nrf2 + gentiopicroside. The detection and comparison of cell survival and apoptosis showed that the activity of GC cells
decreased and the apoptosis rate increased after gentiopicroside treatment. Western blot detection was performed to determine the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2, Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated
protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and antioxidant response element (ARE). Kits were used to determine the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. The MDA
content, NADPH oxidase activity, and Keap1 and Bax expression levels increased, and the SOD activity and Bcl-2, PCNA, Nrf2, and ARE expression levels decreased. Nrf2 overexpression increased the cell activity, SOD activity, and Nrf2, ARE, PCNA, and Bcl-2 expression levels and reduced the apoptosis
rate, MDA content, NADPH oxidase activity, and Bax and Keap1 expression levels. At the same time, Nrf2 overexpression reversed the effects of gentiopicroside on oxidative stress and apoptosis of GC cells. These results suggest that gentiopicroside probably promotes oxidative stress and apoptosis
of GC cells by inhibiting the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Medical College, Xinzheng 451191, Henan, PR China
| | - Suying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Medical College, Xinzheng 451191, Henan, PR China
| | - Shuo An
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Medical College, Xinzheng 451191, Henan, PR China
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Şahin M, Ekinci F, Çelik C, Temiz P, Erdoğan AP, Göksel G. A Rare Case Report of Skin Metastasis in Gastric Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:1156-1158. [PMID: 33635503 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Şahin
- Internal Medicine Department, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Ferhat Ekinci
- Medical Oncology Department, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Cumali Çelik
- Medical Oncology Department, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Peyker Temiz
- Medical Pathology Department, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | | | - Gamze Göksel
- Medical Oncology Department, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Demircioğlu D, Öztürk Durmaz E, Demirkesen C, Şahin S. Livedoid cutaneous metastasis of signet-ring cell gastric carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:785-788. [PMID: 33476049 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous metastasis of gastric cancer is extremely rare. Nodular forms are more common and inflammatory forms are exceptionally encountered. Herein, we report a case of inflammatory cutaneous metastasis of signet-ring cell gastric cancer (poorly cohesive gastric carcinoma with signet-ring cell component) masquerading as livedo reticularis. To our knowledge, such a clinical presentation of cutaneous metastasis has not been reported for gastric cancer. It is imperative to preserve a high index of clinical suspicion for diagnosing cutaneous metastases. Our case highlights the importance of obtaining a skin biopsy in patients with a known history of internal malignancy. Bizarre, newly erupting, evolving, persistent, or treatment-refractory dermatologic lesions (such as nodules, ulcers, erythematous, reticular, or livedoid patches) might be clues for an underlying internal malignancy and require prompt histopathological sampling. Personal medical history, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical profiling are equally important in distinguishing primary cutaneous carcinomas from secondary metastatic deposits. Early recognition of a cutaneous metastasis might enable appropriate staging and timely intervention, thereby prolonging survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Demircioğlu
- Department of Dermatology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Öztürk Durmaz
- Department of Dermatology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cüyan Demirkesen
- Department of Pathology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sedef Şahin
- Department of Dermatology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Souza BDS, Bonamigo RR, Viapiana GL, Cartell A. Signet ring cells in carcinomatous lymphangitis due to gastric adenocarcinoma. An Bras Dermatol 2020; 95:490-492. [PMID: 32487420 PMCID: PMC7335879 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous metastases are rare. They usually present as nodules or tumors. Diagnosis is based on histopathological examination and prognosis is unfavorable. This report describes the case of a female patient, 72 years old, with surgically treated gastric antrum adenocarcinoma. Pathology showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells. It evolved with bone involvement, lymph node enlargement in the inguinal region, and skin infiltration in the lower limbs, abdomen, and root of the upper limbs. Skin biopsy demonstrated signet ring carcinoma embolizing the dermal and hypodermic vessels and invasion of adipose tissue, confirming carcinomatous lymphangitis. Carcinomatous lymphangitis is the cutaneous and subcutaneous lymphatic invasion by tumor cells. Cutaneous metastasis is relatively uncommon and presents mainly as cutaneous or subcutaneous nodules, and more rarely as inflammatory lesions. The present case reports carcinomatous lymphangitis associated with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - André Cartell
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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