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dos Santos AG, Souza JFDSE, Soares SC, Nakayama CM, Feldberg E. Chromosomal characterization of three species of Serrasalmini (Serrasalmidae: Characiformes). Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20230088. [PMID: 37992304 PMCID: PMC10664975 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The tribe Serrasalmini is a diverse group with paraphyletic genera and taxonomic uncertainties. Several studies have been carried out in this group of fish in order to understand this problem, including the cytogenetic approach. In this study, three species of a clade of Serrasalmini were characterized cytogenetically - Pristobrycon striolatus, Catoprion absconditus and Pygopristis denticulatus. The three species presented diploid number (2n) equal to 62 chromosomes, of one and two arms, with karyotypic formulas and species-specific fundamental numbers. Heterochromatin is centromeric and terminal (bi-telomeric) in most chromosomes, with a conspicuous interstitial block at pair 1 (m) in all three species. The nucleolar organizer regions were multiple and C-band positive, and their location was confirmed via 18S ribosomal DNA mapping; however, with additional sites. The 5S rDNA was located in interstitial region of long arm of pair 1 (m), in the three species (homeologous). Moreover, we observed synteny between 18S and 5S in the species C. absconditus and P. denticulatus, which, according to fiber-FISH, are interspersed. Thus, the maintenance of 2n (62) evidences the diversification of chromosomal formulas within the clade by non-Robertsonian rearrangements and reflects the paraphyly of the related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Gomes dos Santos
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Programa de
Pós-graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Laboratório de Genética
Animal, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - José Francisco de Sousa e Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Programa de
Pós-graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Laboratório de Genética
Animal, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Simone Cardoso Soares
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Programa de
Pós-graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Laboratório de Genética
Animal, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Celeste Mutuko Nakayama
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Coordenação de
Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Genética Animal, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Programa de
Pós-graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Laboratório de Genética
Animal, Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Coordenação de
Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Genética Animal, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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A supernumerary "B-sex" chromosome drives male sex determination in the Pachón cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4800-4809.e9. [PMID: 34496222 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sex chromosomes are generally derived from a pair of classical type-A chromosomes, and relatively few alternative models have been proposed up to now.1,2 B chromosomes (Bs) are supernumerary and dispensable chromosomes with non-Mendelian inheritance found in many plant and animal species3,4 that have often been considered as selfish genetic elements that behave as genome parasites.5,6 The observation that in some species Bs can be either restricted or predominant in one sex7-14 raised the interesting hypothesis that Bs could play a role in sex determination.15 The characterization of putative B master sex-determining (MSD) genes, however, has not yet been provided to support this hypothesis. Here, in Astyanax mexicanus cavefish originating from Pachón cave, we show that Bs are strongly male predominant. Based on a high-quality genome assembly of a B-carrying male, we characterized the Pachón cavefish B sequence and found that it contains two duplicated loci of the putative MSD gene growth differentiation factor 6b (gdf6b). Supporting its role as an MSD gene, we found that the Pachón cavefish gdf6b gene is expressed specifically in differentiating male gonads, and that its knockout induces male-to-female sex reversal in B-carrying males. This demonstrates that gdf6b is necessary for triggering male sex determination in Pachón cavefish. Altogether these results bring multiple and independent lines of evidence supporting the conclusion that the Pachón cavefish B is a "B-sex" chromosome that contains duplicated copies of the gdf6b gene, which can promote male sex determination in this species.
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Favarato RM, Ribeiro LB, Campos A, Porto JIR, Nakayama CM, Ota RP, Feldberg E. Comparative cytogenetics of Serrasalmidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): The relationship between chromosomal evolution and molecular phylogenies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258003. [PMID: 34618832 PMCID: PMC8496811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serrasalmidae has high morphological and chromosomal diversity. Based on molecular hypotheses, the family is currently divided into two subfamilies, Colossomatinae and Serrasalminae, with Serrasalminae composed of two tribes: Myleini (comprising most of pacus species) and Serrasalmini (represented by Metynnis, Catoprion, and remaining piranha’s genera). This study aimed to analyze species of the tribes Myleini (Myloplus asterias, M. lobatus, M. rubripinnis, M. schomburgki, and Tometes camunani) and Serrasalmini (Metynnis cuiaba, M. hypsauchen, and M. longipinnis) using classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques in order to understand the chromosomal evolution of the family. The four species of the genus Myloplus and T. camunani presented 2n = 58 chromosomes, while the species of Metynnis presented 2n = 62 chromosomes. The distribution of heterochromatin occurred predominantly in pericentromeric regions in all species. Tometes camunani and Myloplus spp. presented only one site with 5S rDNA. Multiple markers of 18S rDNA were observed in T. camunani, M. asterias, M. lobatus, M. rubripinnis, and M. schomburgkii. For Metynnis, however, synteny of the 18S and 5S rDNA was observed in the three species, in addition to an additional 5S marker in M. longipinnis. These data, when superimposed on the phylogeny of the family, suggest a tendency to increase the diploid chromosome number from 54 to 62 chromosomes, which occurred in a nonlinear manner and is the result of several chromosomal rearrangements. In addition, the different karyotype formulas and locations of ribosomal sequences can be used as cytotaxonomic markers and assist in the identification of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Marin Favarato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Petrópolis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Leila Braga Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Avenida Capitão Ene Garcêz, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil
| | - Alber Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Petrópolis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jorge Ivan Rebelo Porto
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Petrópolis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Celeste Mutuko Nakayama
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Petrópolis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Priscila Ota
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Petrópolis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Petrópolis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Felicetti D, Haerter CAG, Baumgärtner L, Paiz LM, Takagui FH, Margarido VP, Blanco DR, Feldberg E, da Silva M, Lui RL. A New Variant B Chromosome in Auchenipteridae: The Role of (GATA)n and (TTAGGG)n Sequences in Understanding the Evolution of Supernumeraries in Trachelyopterus. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:70-81. [PMID: 33601372 DOI: 10.1159/000513107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic and molecular cytogenetic techniques were carried out in 3 Neotropical region populations of catfishes, two of Trachelyopterus galeatus (one from the marshlands of Paraguay River basin and another from Lago Catalão, Amazon River basin) and one of Trachelyopterus porosus, a sympatric population to T. galeatus from the Amazon River basin. This study aimed to describe and understand the structure and evolution of Trachelyopterus B chromosomes, mainly through physical mapping of repetitive elements. A diploid number of 58 chromosomes was found for all individuals, as well as the presence of B chromosomes. For T. porosus this is the first report of a supernumerary. The sympatric species of T. galeatus and T. porosus from Amazon River had 1-3 B chromosomes and T. galeatus from Paraguay River had 1-2 B chromosomes, all of them showed intra- and interindividual numerical variation. Two females of T. porosus exhibited a new variant B chromosome (B2), previously not seen in Auchenipteridae, which might have originated from B1 chromosomes. All B chromosomes were entirely heterochromatic. In contrast to all complement A and B2 chromosomes, in which the telomeric sequences were found in the telomeric regions, B1 chromosomes of all populations were totally marked by (TTAGGG)n probes. (GATA)n sequence sites were found through all complement A chromosomes, but B1 and B2 chromosomes exhibited only a clustered block in one of the chromosome arms. The most frequent B chromosomes (B1) in all populations/species, including those previously studied in Auchenipteridae catfishes, share the following characteristics: totally heterochromatic, small, metacentric, with accumulation of repetitive (TTAGGG)n sequences, and a low number of (GATA)n copies, which might suggest a common ancient origin in Trachelyopterus species/populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Felicetti
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Chrystian A G Haerter
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Lucas Baumgärtner
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Paiz
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Fábio H Takagui
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Vladimir P Margarido
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Blanco
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Santa Helena, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maelin da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Roberto L Lui
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil,
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Pinheiro Figliuolo VS, Goll L, Ferreira Viana P, Feldberg E, Gross MC. First Record on Sex Chromosomes in a Species of the Family Cynodontidae: Cynodon gibbus (Agassiz, 1829). Cytogenet Genome Res 2020; 160:29-37. [PMID: 32092757 DOI: 10.1159/000505889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The fish family Cynodontidae belongs to the superfamily Curimatoidea, together with the Hemiodontidae, Serrasalmidae, Parodontidae, Prochilodontidae, Chilodontidae, Curimatidae, and Anostomidae. The majority of the species of this superfamily that have been analyzed to date have a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 54. Differentiated sex chromosomes (with female heterogamety) have been observed only in the Prochilodontidae, Parodontidae, and Anostomidae. The present study provides the first description of differentiated sex chromosomes in the cynodontid species Cynodon gibbus, which has a ZZ/ZW system, and shows that repetitive DNA has played a fundamental role in the differentiation of these sex chromosomes.
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