Perforating Granuloma Annulare Appearing as a Psoriasiform Lesion

Perforating Gout: Expanding the Differential for Transepidermal Elimination

Perforating dermatoses are dermatologic disorders with transepidermal elimination (TE) of dermal substances. While TE is typically associated with collagen and elastin, it can also occur as a secondary event in other processes, and it is important to keep a broad differential. We present a case of perforating tophaceous gout, which underscores the need for a thoughtful approach to perforating disorders. An updated review of recent literature is also presented.

Granuloma Annulare: An Updated Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Options

Granuloma annulare (GA) is an inflammatory granulomatous skin disease that can be localized (localized GA) or disseminated (generalized GA), with patch, perforating, and subcutaneous subtypes being less common variants of this benign condition. Recently, new research has emerged that further elucidates GA epidemiology and etiopathogenesis; importantly, new therapeutic options for GA have also been described, although there remains a paucity of randomized controlled studies. In this review, we summarize recent updates on GA epidemiology and etiopathogenesis and offer an updated review of the therapeutic options for GA currently reported in the literature. We hope that the current review galvanizes randomized controlled studies that will in turn help lead to the recommendation of evidence-based treatments for GA.

Perforating Granuloma Annulare Mimicking Psoriasis

Perforating granuloma annulare (PGA) is a rare inflammatory condition characterized by transepithelial elimination of necrobiotic collagen with granulomas in the dermis. It commonly presents as umbilicated papules or pustules on the extremities and dorsal hands. The distribution of PGA can be described as generalized or localized, with only 9% of patients presenting with a single lesion. Herein, we report an unusual presentation of PGA as a single localized plaque on the forearm that resembled psoriasis.