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Werneburg GT, Hsieh MH. Clinical Microbiome Testing for Urology. Urol Clin North Am 2024; 51:493-504. [PMID: 39349017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
The urine culture is imperfect, and a series of alternative approaches are in development to assist in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urinary tract infection (UTI). Culture-independent approaches typically do not distinguish between viable and nonviable bacteria, and are generally not included in current clinical guidance. Next-generation sequencing may play an important future role in precise targeting of antibiotic treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria prior to endourologic surgery or in pregnancy. Future studies are needed to determine whether microbiota modulation could prevent UTI. Possible modulation mechanisms may include fecal microbiota transplant, application of topical vaginal estrogen or probiotics, and bacteriophage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn T Werneburg
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michael H Hsieh
- Division of Urology, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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2
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Wu B, Quan C, He Y, Matsika J, Huang J, Liu B, Chen J. Targeting gut and intratumoral microbiota: a novel strategy to improve therapy resistance in cancer with a focus on urologic tumors. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024; 24:747-759. [PMID: 38910461 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2371543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growing attention has been drawn to urologic tumors due to their rising incidence and suboptimal clinical treatment outcomes. Cancer therapy resistance poses a significant challenge in clinical oncology, limiting the efficacy of conventional treatments and contributing to disease progression. Recent research has unveiled a complex interplay between the host microbiota and cancer cells, highlighting the role of the microbiota in modulating therapeutic responses. AREAS COVERED We used the PubMed and Web of Science search engines to identify key publications in the fields of tumor progression and urologic tumor treatment, specifically focusing on the role of the microbiota. In this review, we summarize the current literature on how microbiota influence the tumor microenvironment and anti-tumor immunity, as well as their impact on treatments for urinary system malignancies, highlighting promising future applications. EXPERT OPINION We explore how the composition and function of the gut microbiota influence the tumor microenvironment and immune response, ultimately impacting treatment outcomes. Additionally, we discuss emerging strategies targeting the microbiota to enhance therapeutic efficacy and overcome resistance. The application of antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and oncolytic bacteria has improved tumor treatment outcomes, which provides a novel insight into developing therapeutic strategies for urologic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingquan Wu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Quan
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunbo He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juliet Matsika
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinliang Huang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bolong Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Kovaleva O, Podlesnaya P, Gratchev A. Resident Microbiome of Kidney Tumors. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1393664. [PMID: 38835643 PMCID: PMC11148557 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1393664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging research has uncovered the significance of microbiota in carcinogenesis, with specific bacterial infectious agents linked to around 15% of malignant tumors. This review is focused on the resident kidney microbiome, its composition, and alterations in various diseases. Recent studies have shown that bacteria can infiltrate the kidney, with differences between normal and tumor tissue. These studies have identified distinctive microorganisms unique to both conditions, hinting at their potential clinical relevance. Research into the kidney microbiome diversity reveals differences in tumor tissue, with specific taxa associated with different histological types. Notably, the alpha diversity indices suggest variations in bacterial content between tumor and normal tissue, offering insights into potential diagnostic and prognostic use of these markers. Better studied is the impact of the gut microbiome on therapy efficacy in malignant kidney tumors. Antibiotics, which can alter the gut microbiome, have been linked to survival outcomes in patients receiving targeted therapy and immunotherapy. The findings suggest that the uncontrolled use of antibiotics may not only contribute to bacterial resistance but also disrupt the normal microbiome, potentially influencing the development of oncological diseases. In-depth investigation into the resident kidney microbiome is essential for addressing fundamental and practical aspects of kidney tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kovaleva
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Podlesnaya
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei Gratchev
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
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Wu K, Li Y, Ma K, Zhao W, Yao Z, Zheng Z, Sun F, Mu X, Liu Z, Zheng J. The microbiota and renal cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:397-413. [PMID: 37878209 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 2% of cancer diagnoses and deaths worldwide. Recent studies emphasized the critical involvement of microbial populations in RCC from oncogenesis, tumor growth, and response to anticancer therapy. Microorganisms have been shown to be involved in various renal physiological and pathological processes by influencing the immune system function, metabolism of the host and pharmaceutical reactions. These findings have extended our understanding and provided more possibilities for the diagnostic or therapeutic development of microbiota, which could function as screening, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers, or be manipulated to prevent RCC progression, boost anticancer drug efficacy and lessen the side effects of therapy. This review aims to present an overview of the roles of microbiota in RCC, including pertinent mechanisms in microbiota-related carcinogenesis, the potential use of the microbiota as RCC biomarkers, and the possibility of modifying the microbiota for RCC prevention or treatment. According to these scientific findings, the clinical translation of microbiota is expected to improve the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaorong Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangli Ma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixian Yao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Mu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Ankudavicius V, Nikitina D, Lukosevicius R, Tilinde D, Salteniene V, Poskiene L, Miliauskas S, Skieceviciene J, Zemaitis M, Kupcinskas J. Detailed Characterization of the Lung-Gut Microbiome Axis Reveals the Link between PD-L1 and the Microbiome in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2323. [PMID: 38396998 PMCID: PMC10889071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies have started a new era of respiratory tract research in recent years. Alterations in the respiratory microbiome between healthy and malignant conditions have been revealed. However, the composition of the microbiome varies among studies, even in similar medical conditions. Also, there is a lack of complete knowledge about lung-gut microbiome interactions in lung cancer patients. The aim of this study was to explore the lung-gut axis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and the associations between lung-gut axis microbiota and clinical parameters (CRP, NLR, LPS, CD8, and PD-L1). Lung tissue and fecal samples were used for bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing. The results revealed, for the first time, that the bacterial richness in lung tumor tissue gradually decreased with an increase in the level of PD-L1 expression (p < 0.05). An analysis of β-diversity indicated a significant positive correlation between the genera Romboutsia and Alistipes in both the lung tumor biopsies and stool samples from NSCLC patients (p < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that NSCLC patients with higher bacterial richness in their stool samples had prolonged overall survival (HR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.025-4.17, p = 0.0426).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Ankudavicius
- Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Darja Nikitina
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Lukosevicius
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Deimante Tilinde
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Violeta Salteniene
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Poskiene
- Department of Pathology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Skaidrius Miliauskas
- Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Zemaitis
- Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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6
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Porto JG, Arbelaez MCS, Pena B, Khandekar A, Malpani A, Nahar B, Punnen S, Ritch CR, Gonzalgo ML, Parekh DJ, Marcovich R, Shah HN. The Influence of the Microbiome on Urological Malignancies: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4984. [PMID: 37894351 PMCID: PMC10605095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome, once considered peripheral, is emerging as a relevant player in the intricate web of factors contributing to cancer development and progression. These often overlooked microorganisms, in the context of urological malignancies, have been investigated primarily focusing on the gut microbiome, while exploration of urogenital microorganisms remains limited. Considering this, our systematic review delves into the complex role of these understudied actors in various neoplastic conditions, including prostate, bladder, kidney, penile, and testicular cancers. Our analysis found a total of 37 studies (prostate cancer 12, bladder cancer 20, kidney cancer 4, penile/testicular cancer 1), revealing distinct associations specific to each condition and hinting at potential therapeutic avenues and future biomarker discoveries. It becomes evident that further research is imperative to unravel the complexities of this domain and provide a more comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao G. Porto
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Brandon Pena
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Archan Khandekar
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ankur Malpani
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bruno Nahar
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sanoj Punnen
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Chad R. Ritch
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mark L. Gonzalgo
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Dipen J. Parekh
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Robert Marcovich
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Hemendra N. Shah
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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7
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Uemura T, Kawashima A, Jingushi K, Motooka D, Saito T, Nesrine S, Oka T, Okuda Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamichi G, Tomiyama E, Ishizuya Y, Yamamoto Y, Kato T, Hatano K, Tsujikawa K, Wada H, Nonomura N. Bacteria-derived DNA in serum extracellular vesicles are biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19800. [PMID: 37810127 PMCID: PMC10559165 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to determine the clinical importance of circulating bacterial DNA in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We performed 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis of serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) from 88 patients with RCC and 10 healthy donors and identified three abundant bacterial DNA: Bacteroidia, TM7-1, and Sphingomonadales. Combining characteristic bacterial DNA information (three bacteria-derived DNA), a BTS index was created to diagnose patients with RCC. The BTS index showed high sensitivity not only in the discovery cohort, but also in the validation cohort, suggesting that it was useful as a screening test. Furthermore, in nivolumab treatment of RCC, patients with higher levels of Bacteroidia DNA in serum EVs had significantly poorer progression-free and overall survival than did those with lower levels. This study showed that circulating Bacteria-derived DNA could be used as a biomarker for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Uemura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsunari Kawashima
- Department of Urology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Jingushi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sassi Nesrine
- Department of Urology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiki Oka
- Department of Urology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yohei Okuda
- Department of Urology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akinaru Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gaku Yamamichi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eisuke Tomiyama
- Department of Urology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu Ishizuya
- Department of Urology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taigo Kato
- Department of Urology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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8
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Yang JW, Wan S, Li KP, Chen SY, Yang L. Gut and urinary microbiota: the causes and potential treatment measures of renal cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188520. [PMID: 37441065 PMCID: PMC10333567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and treatment of various cancers. Recent research on the urinary microbiota challenges the long-standing belief that urine is sterile, as urinary microbiota has been implicated in the development of bladder and prostate cancers, similar to the role of gut microbiota in cancer development. Although the precise involvement of microbiota in the proliferation and differentiation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear, dysbiosis is considered one possible mechanism by which microbiota may contribute to RCC development and treatment. This review summarizes potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota may contribute to the development of RCC, and provides evidence for the involvement of urinary microbiota in RCC. We also explore the role of gut microbiota in RCC treatment and propose that the composition of gut microbiota could serve as a predictive marker for the potential efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in RCC patients. Additionally, evidence suggests that modulating the abundance and distribution of microbiota can enhance the therapeutic effects of drugs, suggesting that microbiota may serve as a promising adjuvant therapy for RCC. Overall, we believe that further investigation into the gut and urinary microbiome of RCC patients could yield valuable insights and strategies for the prevention and personalized treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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9
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Liang Y, Li Q, Liu Y, Guo Y, Li Q. Awareness of intratumoral bacteria and their potential application in cancer treatment. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:57. [PMID: 37148441 PMCID: PMC10164222 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hitherto, the recognition of the microbiota role in tumorigenesis and clinical studies mostly focused on the intestinal flora. In contrast to the gut microbiome, microorganisms resident in tumor tissue are in close contact with cancer cells and therefore have the potential to have similar or even different functional patterns to the gut flora. Some investigations have shown intratumoral bacteria, which might come from commensal microbiota in mucosal areas including the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity, or from nearby normal tissues. The existence, origin, and interactions of intratumoral bacteria with the tumor microenvironment all contribute to intratumoral microorganism heterogeneity. Intratumoral bacteria have a significant role in tumor formation. They can contribute to cancer at the genetic level by secreting poisons that directly damage DNA and also intimately related to immune system response at the systemic level. Intratumoral bacteria have an impact on chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer. Importantly, various properties of bacteria such as targeting and ease of modification make them powerful candidates for precision therapy, and combining microbial therapies with other therapies is expected to improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment. In this review, we mainly described the heterogeneity and potential sources of intratumoral bacteria, overviewed the important mechanisms by which they were involved in tumor progression, and summarized their potential value in oncology therapy. At last, we highlight the problems of research in this field, and look forward to a new wave of studies using the various applications of intratumoral microorganisms in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Qiyan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| | - Qingjiao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
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10
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Piao XM, Byun YJ, Zheng CM, Song SJ, Kang HW, Kim WT, Yun SJ. A New Treatment Landscape for RCC: Association of the Human Microbiome with Improved Outcomes in RCC. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030935. [PMID: 36765892 PMCID: PMC9913391 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes play different roles in metabolism, local or systemic inflammation, and immunity, and the human microbiome in tumor microenvironment (TME) is important for modulating the response to immunotherapy in cancer patients. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an immunogenic tumor, and immunotherapy is the backbone of its treatment. Correlations between the microbiome and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors have been reported. This review summarizes the recent therapeutic strategies for RCC and the effects of TME on the systemic therapy of RCC. The current understanding and advances in microbiome research and the relationship between the microbiome and the response to immunotherapy for RCC are also discussed. Improving our understanding of the role of the microbiome in RCC treatment will facilitate the development of microbiome targeting therapies to modify the tumor microbiome and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Mei Piao
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Byun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuang-Ming Zheng
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jin Song
- Department of Emergency, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Kang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-269-6142
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11
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de Cock M, Fonville M, de Vries A, Bossers A, van den Bogert B, Hakze-van der Honing R, Koets A, Sprong H, van der Poel W, Maas M. Screen the unforeseen: Microbiome-profiling for detection of zoonotic pathogens in wild rats. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3881-3895. [PMID: 36404584 PMCID: PMC10099244 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wild rats can host various zoonotic pathogens. Detection of these pathogens is commonly performed using molecular techniques targeting one or a few specific pathogens. However, this specific way of surveillance could lead to (emerging) zoonotic pathogens staying unnoticed. This problem may be overcome by using broader microbiome-profiling techniques, which enable broad screening of a sample's bacterial or viral composition. In this study, we investigated if 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing would be a suitable tool for the detection of zoonotic bacteria in wild rats. Moreover, we used virome-enriched (VirCapSeq) sequencing to detect zoonotic viruses. DNA from kidney samples of 147 wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) and 42 black rats (Rattus rattus) was used for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region. Blocking primers were developed to reduce the amplification of rat host DNA. The kidney bacterial composition was studied using alpha- and beta-diversity metrics and statistically assessed using PERMANOVA and SIMPER analyses. From the sequencing data, 14 potentially zoonotic bacterial genera were identified from which the presence of zoonotic Leptospira spp. and Bartonella tribocorum was confirmed by (q)PCR or Sanger sequencing. In addition, more than 65% of all samples were dominated (>50% reads) by one of three bacterial taxa: Streptococcus (n = 59), Mycoplasma (n = 39) and Leptospira (n = 25). These taxa also showed the highest contribution to the observed differences in beta diversity. VirCapSeq sequencing in rat liver samples detected the potentially zoonotic rat hepatitis E virus in three rats. Although 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was limited in its capacity for species level identifications and can be more difficult to interpret due to the influence of contaminating sequences in these low microbial biomass samples, we believe it has potential to be a suitable pre-screening method in the future to get a better overview of potentially zoonotic bacteria that are circulating in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke de Cock
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Manoj Fonville
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ankje de Vries
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Bossers
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ad Koets
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van der Poel
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Maas
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Sen T, Thummer RP. The Impact of Human Microbiotas in Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932228. [PMID: 35874759 PMCID: PMC9300833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota heavily influences most vital aspects of human physiology including organ transplantation outcomes and transplant rejection risk. A variety of organ transplantation scenarios such as lung and heart transplantation as well as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is heavily influenced by the human microbiotas. The human microbiota refers to a rich, diverse, and complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, archaea, helminths, protozoans, parasites, and viruses. Research accumulating over the past decade has established the existence of complex cross-species, cross-kingdom interactions between the residents of the various human microbiotas and the human body. Since the gut microbiota is the densest, most popular, and most studied human microbiota, the impact of other human microbiotas such as the oral, lung, urinary, and genital microbiotas is often overshadowed. However, these microbiotas also provide critical and unique insights pertaining to transplantation success, rejection risk, and overall host health, across multiple different transplantation scenarios. Organ transplantation as well as the pre-, peri-, and post-transplant pharmacological regimens patients undergo is known to adversely impact the microbiotas, thereby increasing the risk of adverse patient outcomes. Over the past decade, holistic approaches to post-transplant patient care such as the administration of clinical and dietary interventions aiming at restoring deranged microbiota community structures have been gaining momentum. Examples of these include prebiotic and probiotic administration, fecal microbial transplantation, and bacteriophage-mediated multidrug-resistant bacterial decolonization. This review will discuss these perspectives and explore the role of different human microbiotas in the context of various transplantation scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajkumar P. Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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13
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Kovaleva OV, Podlesnaya P, Sorokin M, Mochalnikova V, Kataev V, Khlopko YA, Plotnikov AO, Stilidi IS, Kushlinskii NE, Gratchev A. Macrophage Phenotype in Combination with Tumor Microbiome Composition Predicts RCC Patients’ Survival: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071516. [PMID: 35884821 PMCID: PMC9312790 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of new prognostic markers of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an urgent problem in oncourology. To investigate the potential prognostic significance of tumor microbiome and stromal inflammatory markers, we studied a cohort of 66 patients with RCC (23 clear cell RCC, 19 papillary RCC and 24 chromophobe RCC). The microbiome was analyzed in tumor and normal tissue by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Characterization of the tumor stroma was performed using immunohistochemistry. A significant difference in alpha diversity was demonstrated between normal kidney tissue and all types of RCC. Further, we demonstrated that the bacterial burden was higher in adjacent normal tissue than in a tumor. For the first time, we demonstrated a significant correlation between bacterial burden and the content of PU.1+ macrophages and CD66b+ neutrophils in kidney tumors. Tumors with high content of PU.1+ cells and CD66b+ cells in the stroma were characterized by a lower bacterial burden. In the tumors with high bacterial burden, the number of PU.1+ cells and CD66b+ was associated with a poor prognosis. The identified associations indicate the great prognostic potential of a combined tumor microbiome and stromal cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Kovaleva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (P.P.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (I.S.S.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Polina Podlesnaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (P.P.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (I.S.S.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Maxim Sorokin
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (P.P.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (I.S.S.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Valeria Mochalnikova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (P.P.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (I.S.S.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Vladimir Kataev
- Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia; (V.K.); (Y.A.K.); (A.O.P.)
| | - Yuriy A. Khlopko
- Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia; (V.K.); (Y.A.K.); (A.O.P.)
| | - Andrey O. Plotnikov
- Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia; (V.K.); (Y.A.K.); (A.O.P.)
| | - Ivan S. Stilidi
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (P.P.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (I.S.S.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Nikolay E. Kushlinskii
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (P.P.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (I.S.S.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Alexei Gratchev
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (P.P.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (I.S.S.); (N.E.K.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +7-906-736-1869
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14
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Dey P, Ray Chaudhuri S. Cancer-Associated Microbiota: From Mechanisms of Disease Causation to Microbiota-Centric Anti-Cancer Approaches. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:757. [PMID: 35625485 PMCID: PMC9138768 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the only well-established bacterial cause of cancer. However, due to the integral role of tissue-resident commensals in maintaining tissue-specific immunometabolic homeostasis, accumulated evidence suggests that an imbalance of tissue-resident microbiota that are otherwise considered as commensals, can also promote various types of cancers. Therefore, the present review discusses compelling evidence linking tissue-resident microbiota (especially gut bacteria) with cancer initiation and progression. Experimental evidence supporting the cancer-causing role of gut commensal through the modulation of host-specific processes (e.g., bile acid metabolism, hormonal effects) or by direct DNA damage and toxicity has been discussed. The opportunistic role of commensal through pathoadaptive mutation and overcoming colonization resistance is discussed, and how chronic inflammation triggered by microbiota could be an intermediate in cancer-causing infections has been discussed. Finally, we discuss microbiota-centric strategies, including fecal microbiota transplantation, proven to be beneficial in preventing and treating cancers. Collectively, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of tissue-resident microbiota, their cancer-promoting potentials, and how beneficial bacteria can be used against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Saumya Ray Chaudhuri
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India;
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15
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Kato I, Zhang J, Sun J. Bacterial-Viral Interactions in Human Orodigestive and Female Genital Tract Cancers: A Summary of Epidemiologic and Laboratory Evidence. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:425. [PMID: 35053587 PMCID: PMC8773491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, have been linked to pathogenesis of human cancers, whereas viruses and bacteria account for more than 99% of infection associated cancers. The human microbiome consists of not only bacteria, but also viruses and fungi. The microbiome co-residing in specific anatomic niches may modulate oncologic potentials of infectious agents in carcinogenesis. In this review, we focused on interactions between viruses and bacteria for cancers arising from the orodigestive tract and the female genital tract. We examined the interactions of these two different biological entities in the context of human carcinogenesis in the following three fashions: (1) direct interactions, (2) indirect interactions, and (3) no interaction between the two groups, but both acting on the same host carcinogenic pathways, yielding synergistic or additive effects in human cancers, e.g., head and neck cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and cervical cancer. We discuss the progress in the current literature and summarize the mechanisms of host-viral-bacterial interactions in various human cancers. Our goal was to evaluate existing evidence and identify gaps in the knowledge for future directions in infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- UIC Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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16
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Uncovering the role of urinary microbiota in urological tumors: a systematic review of literature. World J Urol 2022; 40:951-964. [PMID: 34997296 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Urinary microbiota has been found to play a key role in numerous urological diseases. The aim of this systematic review is to depict the role of urinary microbiota in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of urological tumors, including bladder cancer (BCa), prostate cancer (PCa) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS A systematic PubMed and Scopus search was undergone from inception through June 2021 for studies investigating urinary microbiota alterations in urological tumors. Study selection followed the PRISMA statement. Phylum, family, genus and species of each bacterium in cancer patients and controls were recorded. RESULTS Twenty-one studies with 1194 patients (748 cancer patients and 446 controls) were included in our final analysis. Certain bacterial phylum, family, genus, and species were more predominant in each of BCa, PCa and RCC patients compared to controls. Abundance and specificity of urinary microbiota were prognosticators for: (1) recurrence, distinguishing recurrent from non-recurrent BCa, (2) disease stage, distinguishing non-muscle invasive from muscle invasive BCa, and (3) disease grade, distinguishing high- vs. low-grade PCa and BCa. Dietary, environmental and geographic patterns influenced urinary microbiota. Urinary microbiota of benign prostatic hyperplasia was different from PCa. CONCLUSION Urological cancer patients have an altered urinary microbiota compared to controls. This may predict recurrence, disease stage and disease grade of these tumors. Further prospective studies are needed to depict a potential influence on therapeutic outcomes.
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17
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Shoemaker R, Kim J. Urobiome: An outlook on the metagenome of urological diseases. Investig Clin Urol 2021; 62:611-622. [PMID: 34729961 PMCID: PMC8566783 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The urinary tract likely plays a role in the development of various urinary diseases due to the recently recognized notion that urine is not sterile. In this mini review, we summarize the current literature regarding the urinary microbiome and mycobiome and its relationship to various urinary diseases. It has been recently discovered that the healthy urinary tract contains a host of microorganisms, creating a urinary microbiome. The relative abundance and type of bacteria varies, but generally, deviations in the standard microbiome are observed in individuals with urologic diseases, such as bladder cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, urgency urinary incontinence, overactive bladder syndrome, interstitial cystitis, bladder pain syndrome, and urinary tract infections. However, whether this change is causative, or correlative has yet to be determined. In summary, the urinary tract hosts a complex microbiome. Changes in this microbiome may be indicative of urologic diseases and can be tracked to predict, prevent, and treat them in individuals. However, current analytical and sampling collection methods may present limitations to the development in the understanding of the urinary microbiome and its relationship with various urinary diseases. Further research on the differences between healthy and diseased microbiomes, the long-term effects of antibiotic treatments on the urobiome, and the effect of the urinary mycobiome on general health will be important in developing a comprehensive understanding of the urinary microbiome and its relationship to the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Shoemaker
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
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18
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Atzler M, Westhofen T, Tamalunas A, Schott M, Keller P, Ebner B, Stief C, Magistro G. [The role of the microbiome in urological diseases]. Aktuelle Urol 2021; 52:338-344. [PMID: 34102684 DOI: 10.1055/a-1478-2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of modern molecular technologies in the last decade has given us new insights into the complex interactions of the human microbiome in health and in the pathogenesis of diseases. Among other things, the sterility concept of the urinary tract has been discarded and the goal is now to identify the different microbial signatures associated with various diseases. Dysbalances of the microbiome are increasingly suspected of causing negative effects on various malignant and benign diseases. Recently, such associations have also been shown for prostate carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and urinary bladder carcinoma. This may lead to the discovery of new potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and as a therapeutic target of the diseases mentioned. For the diagnosis of some benign diseases such as interstitial cystitis, urge incontinence and chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome, microbial involvement was previously considered an exclusion criterion. However, current studies show that the individual patient's microbiome can have an influence on the development and severity of the respective disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Atzler
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Campus Großhadern, München, Deutschland
| | - Thilo Westhofen
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Campus Großhadern, München, Deutschland
| | - Alexander Tamalunas
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Campus Großhadern, München, Deutschland
| | - Melanie Schott
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Campus Großhadern, München, Deutschland
| | - Patrick Keller
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Campus Großhadern, München, Deutschland
| | - Benedikt Ebner
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Campus Großhadern, München, Deutschland
| | - Christian Stief
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Campus Großhadern, München, Deutschland
| | - Giuseppe Magistro
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Campus Großhadern, München, Deutschland
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19
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Li YL, Tan ZJ. Discussion on the theory of treating diarrhea from five viscera in Huangdi Neijing based on intestinal microecology. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:615-620. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i11.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is a common digestive tract disease that seriously affects the quality of life of patients. With the development of microecology, the relationship between diarrhea and intestinal microecological disorder has been widely recognized. The elaboration of diarrhea in Huangdi Neijing involves etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and treatment, and especially, it pioneered the theory of treating diarrhea from five viscera. Intestinal flora is a "forgotten organ", and dysbacteriosis is an important mechanism of diarrhea. The theory of treating diarrhea from five viscera in Huangdi Neijing embodies the whole concept of TCM theory, which is highly consistent with the connotation of intestinal microecological imbalance. tThis paper systematically collected the literature on intestinal flora related to the five viscera in recent five years. The general introduction of diarrhea treatment from Huangdi Neijing and the microecological mechanism of treating diarrhea from spleen, kidney, liver, heart, and lung were analyzed and expounded. We conclude that the dynamic balance of intestinal flora is the main characteristic of the coordination of functions of the five viscera, and the dysfunction of the five viscera can lead to the disorder of intestinal flora. The research results of intestinal flora will become a key scientific fulcrum to explore the connotation of the theory of treating diarrhea from five viscera in Huangdi Neijing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhou-Jin Tan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
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20
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Abstract
With the advent of novel high throughput-sequencing technologies we gained greater insights into the complex and diverse interactions of the microbiome for health and disease in the human body. The concept of urinary sterility has long been dismissed and now we strive for deciphering various microbial signatures associated with a disease. A dysbalance of the microbiome appears to have a substantial impact on the pathogenesis of both malignant and benign conditions. Novel preventive and therapeutic approaches and biomarker systems have been proposed for prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma and bladder cancer based on microbiome analyses. The exclusion of a microbial origin was always part of the diagnosis of benign disorders such as interstitial cystitis, urinary urge incontinence or chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Now we are certain that an imbalanced microbial profile plays an essential role for the pathogenesis and disease management of these challenging conditions.
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21
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Raj D, Tomar B, Lahiri A, Mulay SR. The gut-liver-kidney axis: Novel regulator of fatty liver associated chronic kidney disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 152:104617. [PMID: 31881272 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased interest in understanding the liver-kidney axis in health and disease during the last decade unveiled multiple recent evidence that suggested a strong association of fatty liver diseases with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Low-grade systemic inflammation is thought to be the major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of CKD associated with fatty liver. However, other contributing factors largely remained unclear, for example, gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity. Homeostasis of the gut microbiome is very crucial for the health of an individual. Imbalance in the gut microbiota leads to various diseases like fatty liver disease and CKD. On the contrary, disease conditions can also distinctly change gut microbiota. In this review, we propose the pathogenic role of the gut-liver-kidney axis in the development and progression of CKD associated with chronic fatty liver diseases, either non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in experimental models and humans. Further, we discuss the therapeutic potential and highlight the future research directions for therapeutic targeting of the gut-liver-kidney axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desh Raj
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Bhawna Tomar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Amit Lahiri
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India.
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