Multimodal Imaging in Fibrinous Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Compared with Exudative Maculopathy

Case series bacillary layer detachment associated with acute central serous chorioretinopathy in patients with COVID-19

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Bacillary layer detachment (BALAD) may be associated with the systemic inflammatory reaction related to COVID-19 disease, and steroid use.

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The causality spectrum of BALAD and vision losses can be followed by acute central serous chorioretinopathy presentation.

Applications of Multimodal Imaging in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Evaluation

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a macular disease characterized by serous retinal detachment commonly involving the macular region. CSCR has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Although a significant proportion of CSCR cases are self-limiting, patients can suffer from persistent or recurrent disease, sometimes complicated with choroidal neovascularization, resulting in permanent visual loss. Multimodal imaging, including fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, fundus autofluorescence, and optical coherence tomography, has advanced the diagnosis and classification of CSCR cases. Evolution of new imaging techniques including optical coherence tomography angiography, wide-field imaging, and en face reconstruction imaging has also contributed to better understandings of the pathophysiology of CSCR. This review article summarizes the features of multimodal imaging for CSCR and discusses the application of such features in evaluating the disease.