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Walker SA, Aguilar Díaz De león JS, Busatto S, Wurtz GA, Zubair AC, Borges CR, Wolfram J. Glycan Node Analysis of Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091946. [PMID: 32842648 PMCID: PMC7563425 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood plasma is a readily accessible source of extracellular vesicles (EVs), i.e., cell-secreted nanosized carriers that contain various biomolecules, including glycans. Previous studies have demonstrated that glycans play a major role in physiological and pathological processes, and certain plasma glycans have been associated with disease conditions. However, glycome studies have been limited by a lack of analytical techniques with the throughput capacity necessary to study hundreds of clinical samples. This study is the first to characterize the EV plasma glycome based on all major glycan classes. The results based on glycan node analysis revealed, as expected, that plasma-derived EVs have distinct glycan features from donor-matched whole plasma. Specifically, glycan nodes corresponding to those observed in chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, type I keratan sulfate, and type II keratan sulfate were enriched on EVs. The identification of specific differences in glycan features in plasma vs. plasma-derived EVs is relevant for understanding the physiological role of EVs and as a reference for future diagnostic studies. Additionally, the results indicate that EV glycan nodes do not substantially differ among a small set of healthy donors. These results lay the framework for the further evaluation of all EV glycan classes as diagnostic markers, therapeutic targets, and biologically active components in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra A. Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.A.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Jesús S. Aguilar Díaz De león
- School of Molecular Sciences and Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Sara Busatto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.A.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Gregory A. Wurtz
- Department of Physics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Abba C. Zubair
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Chad R. Borges
- School of Molecular Sciences and Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.R.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.A.W.); (S.B.)
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (C.R.B.); (J.W.)
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