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Corsi CAC, Sares CTG, Mestriner F, Michelon-Barbosa J, Dugaich VF, Martins TV, Násare AM, Rosales RRC, Jordani MC, Alves-Filho JC, Dos Reis RB, Ribeiro MS, Becari C. Isolation and primary culture of human abdominal aorta smooth muscle cells from brain-dead donors: an experimental model for vascular diseases. Cell Tissue Bank 2024; 25:187-194. [PMID: 37145371 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-023-10091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary cell cultures are essential tools for elucidating the physiopathological mechanisms of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, a primary culture growth protocol of cardiovascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) obtained from human abdominal aortas was standardized. Ten abdominal aorta samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with brain death who were organ and tissue donors with family consent. After surgical ablation to capture the aorta, the aortic tissue was removed, immersed in a Custodiol® solution, and kept between 2 and 8 °C. In the laboratory, in a sterile environment, the tissue was fragmented and incubated in culture plates containing an enriched culture medium (DMEM/G/10% fetal bovine serum, L-glutamine, antibiotics and antifungals) and kept in an oven at 37 °C and 5% CO2. The aorta was removed after 24 h of incubation, and the culture medium was changed every six days for twenty days. Cell growth was confirmed through morphological analysis using an inverted optical microscope (Nikon®) and immunofluorescence for smooth muscle alpha-actin and nuclei. The development of the VSMCs was observed, and from the twelfth day, differentiation, long cytoplasmic projections, and adjacent cell connections occurred. On the twentieth day, the morphology of the VSMCs was confirmed by actin fiber immunofluorescence, which is a typical characteristic of VSMCs. The standardization allowed VSMC growth and the replicability of the in vitro test, providing a protocol that mimics natural physiological environments for a better understanding of the cardiovascular system. Its use is intended for investigation, tissue bioengineering, and pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alexandre Curylofo Corsi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Division of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Tarcila Gomes Sares
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Division of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Mestriner
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Division of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssyca Michelon-Barbosa
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Division of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Flora Dugaich
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Division of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Timna Varela Martins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Division of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Martins Násare
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Division of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ribeiro Costa Rosales
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Division of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Jordani
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Division of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Alves-Filho
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Division of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Borges Dos Reis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Division of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Serra Ribeiro
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Division of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane Becari
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru - FOB/USP, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Elster C, Ommer-Bläsius M, Lang A, Vajen T, Pfeiler S, Feige M, Yau Pang T, Böttenberg M, Verheyen S, Lê Quý K, Chernigovskaya M, Kelm M, Winkels H, Schmidt SV, Greiff V, Gerdes N. Application and challenges of TCR and BCR sequencing to investigate T- and B-cell clonality in elastase-induced experimental murine abdominal aortic aneurysm. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1221620. [PMID: 38034381 PMCID: PMC10686233 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1221620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease. Although its pathogenesis is still poorly understood, recent evidence suggests that AAA displays autoimmune disease characteristics. Particularly, T cells responding to AAA-related antigens in the aortic wall may contribute to an initial immune response. Single-cell RNA (scRNA) T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing is a powerful tool for investigating clonality. However, difficulties such as limited numbers of isolated cells must be considered during implementation and data analysis, making biological interpretation challenging. Here, we perform a representative single-cell immune repertoire analysis in experimental murine AAA and show a reliable bioinformatic processing pipeline highlighting opportunities and limitations of this approach. Methods We performed scRNA TCR and BCR sequencing of isolated lymphocytes from the infrarenal aorta of male C57BL/6J mice 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after AAA induction via elastase perfusion of the aorta. Sham-operated mice at days 3 and 28 and non-operated mice served as controls. Results Comparison of complementarity-determining region (CDR3) length distribution of 179 B cells and 796 T cells revealed neither differences between AAA and control nor between the disease stages. We found no clonal expansion of B cells in AAA. For T cells, we identified several clones in 11 of 16 AAA samples and one of eight control samples. Immune receptor repertoire comparison indicated that only a few clones were shared between the individual AAA samples. The most frequently used V-genes in the TCR beta chain in AAA were TRBV3, TRBV19, and the splicing variant TRBV12-2 + TRBV13-2. Conclusion We found no clonal expansion of B cells but evidence for clonal expansion of T cells in elastase-induced AAA in mice. Our findings imply that a more precise characterization of TCR and BCR distribution requires a more extensive number of lymphocytes to prevent undersampling and potentially detect rare clones. Thus, further experiments are necessary to confirm our findings. In summary, this paper examines TCR and BCR sequencing results, identifies limitations and pitfalls, and offers guidance for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Elster
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam Ommer-Bläsius
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Lang
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tanja Vajen
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Pfeiler
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Milena Feige
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tin Yau Pang
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biology, Institute for Computer Science, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Böttenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Verheyen
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Khang Lê Quý
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Chernigovskaya
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Winkels
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne V. Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Gong W, Tian Y, Li L. T cells in abdominal aortic aneurysm: immunomodulation and clinical application. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240132. [PMID: 37662948 PMCID: PMC10471798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) dysfunction. The inflammatory cells involved in AAA mainly include immune cells including macrophages, neutrophils, T-lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and endothelial cells. As the blood vessel wall expands, more and more lymphocytes infiltrate into the outer membrane. It was found that more than 50% of lymphocytes in AAA tissues were CD3+ T cells, including CD4+, CD8+T cells, γδ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Due to the important role of T cells in inflammatory response, an increasing number of researchers have paid attention to the role of T cells in AAA and dug into the relevant mechanism. Therefore, this paper focuses on reviewing the immunoregulatory role of T cells in AAA and their role in immunotherapy, seeking potential targets for immunotherapy and putting forward future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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4
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Li T, Wang T, Yan L, Ma C. Identification of potential novel biomarkers for abdominal aortic aneurysm based on comprehensive analysis of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1468. [PMID: 34737808 PMCID: PMC8561771 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disorder and, therefore, investigation into its underlying mechanisms in light of the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) hypothesis has gradually increased. However, there is still lacking systematic analysis on AAA-associated circular RNA (circRNA)-microRNA (miRNA/miR)-messenger RNA (mRNA) interaction networks based on bioinformatics methods. The present study attempted to identify novel molecular biomarkers for AAA by profiling circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks using three public microarray datasets (GSE7084, GSE57691 and GSE144431). A total of 135 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 142 differentially expressed circRNAs were detected using the limma R package with the statistical threshold of P<0.05 and |log2fold change (FC)| >1.5. In addition, 12 circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes were identified to construct upregulated and downregulated ceRNA networks using Cytoscape. Based on molecular complex detection algorithm, (hsa_circ_0057691/0092108/0006845/0082182)- miR-330-5p-calponin 1 (CNN1) and (hsa_circ_0061482/0011450/0008351/0004121)-miR-326-CD8a molecule (CD8A) were recognized as the center axes in ceRNA networks. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR results verified the significant downregulation of CNN1 and upregulation of CD8A in human AAA tissues (P<0.05). In addition, four upregulated circRNA/mRNA axes, and five downregulated circRNA/mRNA axes were revealed to have possible biological functions in the pathogenesis of AAA using the Cytoscape software. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the accuracy of these nine DEGs involved in these axes for AAA diagnosis with area under the curves >0.80. The present study revealed novel circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks associated with AAA, especially for CNN1 and CD8A axes with the potential function of ‘focal adhesion’ and ‘immune response’, respectively. Overall, the present findings may provide evidence to explore the implicated ceRNAs in the molecular mechanisms and as novel biomarkers for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Tianlong Wang
- The First Clinical College of China Medical University, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lirong Yan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Phie J, Thanigaimani S, Golledge J. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Slow Progression of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Mouse Models. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1504-1517. [PMID: 33567871 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.315942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- James Phie
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry (J.P., S.T., J.G.), James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Shivshankar Thanigaimani
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry (J.P., S.T., J.G.), James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry (J.P., S.T., J.G.), James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (J.G.), James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
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6
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Wang R, Song W, Xie C, Zhong W, Xu H, Zhou Q, Deng Y, Hong Y, Li X, Fang M. Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor Protects Tight Junctions of Septic Pulmonary Capillary Endothelial Cells by Regulating the Functions of Macrophages. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1973-1989. [PMID: 34045879 PMCID: PMC8149216 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s303577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study found that urinary trypsin inhibitor (ulinastatin, UTI) protected tight junctions (TJs) of lung endothelia via TNF-α inhibition, thereby alleviating pulmonary capillary permeability in septic rats. As the activated macrophage is the main source of TNF-α in sepsis, we speculate that UTI may exert the above effects by regulating the functions of macrophages. METHODS Bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) were divided into control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), UTI+LPS and UTI groups. TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10, CD86, CD206 and MCP-1 expression were assessed by Western blot. The phagocytosis and migration of BMDM were detected. Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were cultured with the conditioned medium (CM) from each group of BMDM above. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and UTI+CLP groups. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detected zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin-5 expression in PMVECs, as well as TNF-α, TGF-β, iNOS, CD86 and CD206 expression in lungs. Pulmonary capillary permeability was assessed by extravasated Evans blue, lung injury score (LIS), wet-to-dry weight ratio and electron microscope. RESULTS TNF-α and CD86 expression were increased in LPS-treated BMDM, but were reversed by UTI pretreatment. TGF-β, IL-10 and CD206 expression were the opposite. UTI markedly decreased phagocytosis and migration of LPS-treated BMDM. ZO-1, occludin and claudin-5 expression were markedly decreased in PMVECs of the CM-LPS group, but significantly increased in the CM-UTI+LPS group. TNF-α, iNOS and CD86 expression were increased in the lungs of CLP-rats but decreased with UTI pretreatment, while TGF-β and CD206 expression were the opposite. UTI markedly ameliorated the lung EB leakage, improved LIS, reduced the wet-to-dry ratio and revised the damaged TJs of PMVECs in CLP-rats. CONCLUSION UTI effectively inhibits the conversion of M1 macrophage but increases M2, reduces the phagocytosis and migration, which helps to protect endothelia TJs and reduce pulmonary capillary permeability during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Xie
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhong Zhong
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimei Hong
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ming Fang Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8613527774075 Email
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7
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Golledge J, Krishna SM, Wang Y. Mouse models for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:792-810. [PMID: 32914434 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is estimated to cause 200,000 deaths each year. Currently, the only treatment for AAA is surgical repair; however, this is only indicated for large asymptomatic, symptomatic or ruptured aneurysms, is not always durable, and is associated with a risk of serious perioperative complications. As a result, patients with small asymptomatic aneurysms or who are otherwise unfit for surgery are treated conservatively, but up to 70% of small aneurysms continue to grow, increasing the risk of rupture. There is thus an urgent need to develop drug therapies effective at slowing AAA growth. This review describes the commonly used mouse models for AAA. Recent research in these models highlights key roles for pathways involved in inflammation and cell turnover in AAA pathogenesis. There is also evidence for long non-coding RNAs and thrombosis in aneurysm pathology. Further well-designed research in clinically relevant models is expected to be translated into effective AAA drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Smriti Murali Krishna
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yutang Wang
- Discipline of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
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