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Jackson A, Pathak R, deSouza NM, Liu Y, Jacobs BKM, Litiere S, Urbanowicz-Nijaki M, Julie C, Chiti A, Theysohn J, Ayuso JR, Stroobants S, Waterton JC. MRI Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) as a Biomarker of Tumour Response: Imaging-Pathology Correlation in Patients with Hepatic Metastases from Colorectal Cancer (EORTC 1423). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3580. [PMID: 37509240 PMCID: PMC10377224 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumour apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a putative pharmacodynamic/response biomarker but the relationship between drug-induced effects on the ADC and on the underlying pathology has not been adequately defined. Hypothesis: Changes in ADC during early chemotherapy reflect underlying histological markers of tumour response as measured by tumour regression grade (TRG). Methods: Twenty-six patients were enrolled in the study. Baseline, 14 days, and pre-surgery MRI were performed per study protocol. Surgical resection was performed in 23 of the enrolled patients; imaging-pathological correlation was obtained from 39 lesions from 21 patients. Results: There was no evidence of correlation between TRG and ADC changes at day 14 (study primary endpoint), and no significant correlation with other ADC metrics. In scans acquired one week prior to surgery, there was no significant correlation between ADC metrics and percentage of viable tumour, percentage necrosis, percentage fibrosis, or Ki67 index. Conclusions: Our hypothesis was not supported by the data. The lack of meaningful correlation between change in ADC and TRG is a robust finding which is not explained by variability or small sample size. Change in ADC is not a proxy for TRG in metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Jackson
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Ryan Pathak
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Nandita M deSouza
- CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Yan Liu
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart K M Jacobs
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saskia Litiere
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Catherine Julie
- EA 4340 BECCOH, UVSQ, Universite Paris-Saclay, 92104 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Department of Pathology, APHP-Hopital Ambroise Pare, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Arturo Chiti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Theysohn
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Juan R Ayuso
- Radiology Department-CDI, Hospital Clinic Universitari de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging and Radiology, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - John C Waterton
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
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Liu X, Wang R, Zhu Z, Wang K, Gao Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Wang X. Automatic segmentation of hepatic metastases on DWI images based on a deep learning method: assessment of tumor treatment response according to the RECIST 1.1 criteria. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1285. [PMID: 36476181 PMCID: PMC9730687 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of treated tumors according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria is an important but time-consuming task in medical imaging. Deep learning methods are expected to automate the evaluation process and improve the efficiency of imaging interpretation. OBJECTIVE To develop an automated algorithm for segmentation of liver metastases based on a deep learning method and assess its efficacy for treatment response assessment according to the RECIST 1.1 criteria. METHODS One hundred and sixteen treated patients with clinically confirmed liver metastases were enrolled. All patients had baseline and post-treatment MR images. They were divided into an initial (n = 86) and validation cohort (n = 30) according to the examined time. The metastatic foci on DWI images were annotated by two researchers in consensus. Then the treatment responses were assessed by the two researchers according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. A 3D U-Net algorithm was trained for automated liver metastases segmentation using the initial cohort. Based on the segmentation of liver metastases, the treatment response was assessed automatically with a rule-based program according to the RECIST 1.1 criteria. The segmentation performance was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), volumetric similarity (VS), and Hausdorff distance (HD). The area under the curve (AUC) and Kappa statistics were used to assess the accuracy and consistency of the treatment response assessment by the deep learning model and compared with two radiologists [attending radiologist (R1) and fellow radiologist (R2)] in the validation cohort. RESULTS In the validation cohort, the mean DSC, VS, and HD were 0.85 ± 0.08, 0.89 ± 0.09, and 25.53 ± 12.11 mm for the liver metastases segmentation. The accuracies of R1, R2 and automated segmentation-based assessment were 0.77, 0.65, and 0.74, respectively, and the AUC values were 0.81, 0.73, and 0.83, respectively. The consistency of treatment response assessment based on automated segmentation and manual annotation was moderate [K value: 0.60 (0.34-0.84)]. CONCLUSION The deep learning-based liver metastases segmentation was capable of evaluating treatment response according to RECIST 1.1 criteria, with comparable results to the junior radiologist and superior to that of the fellow radiologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zemin Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, 412000, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jialun Li
- Beijing Smart Tree Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhang
- Beijing Smart Tree Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- Beijing Smart Tree Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Wu X, Jiang Z, Zheng J, Jiao Z, Liu T, Dou W, Shi H. Intravoxel incoherent motion to assess brain microstructure and perfusion in patients with end-stage renal disease. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:930-940. [PMID: 35817591 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging in evaluating the brain microstructure and perfusion changes in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. METHODS The routine head MRI sequences and IVIM were performed on 40 ESRD patients and 30 healthy subjects. The IVIM was executed with 10 b-values varying from 0 to 1000 seconds/mm2 . All subjects were evaluated on neuropsychological test. Laboratory tests were conducted for ESRD patients. RESULTS Compared with the control group, increased slow apparent diffusion coefficient values (ADCslow ) were found in the left frontal lobe, hippocampus, bilateral temporal lobe, and the right occipital lobe (p < .05), and increased fast ADC values (ADCfast ) were found in all regions of interest (all p < .001) in ESRD patients. In ESRD patients, ADCfast in right frontal lobe (p = .041) and insular lobe (p = .045) was negatively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (MoCA), and ADCfast in the right parietal lobe (p = .009) and hippocampus (p = .041) had positive correlation with hemoglobin levels. Using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, ADCfast in the right frontal lobe, insular lobe, hippocampus, and parietal lobe separately showed fair to good efficacy in differentiating ESRD patients from healthy subjects, with the area under the ROC ranging from .853 to .903. CONCLUSIONS The microstructure and perfusion of the brain were impaired in ESRD patients. ADCfast of the right frontal lobe, insular lobe, hippocampus, and parietal lobe could be effective biomarker for evaluating cognitive impairment in ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Wu
- Graduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zijian Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Graduate College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuqing Jiao
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Tongqiang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Dou
- Department of MR Research, GE Healthcare China, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Simchick G, Geng R, Zhang Y, Hernando D. b value and first-order motion moment optimized data acquisition for repeatable quantitative intravoxel incoherent motion DWI. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:2724-2740. [PMID: 35092092 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To design a b value and first-order motion moment (M1 ) optimized data acquisition for repeatable intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) quantification in the liver. METHODS Cramer-Rao lower bound optimization was performed to determine optimal monopolar and optimal 2D samplings of the b-M1 space based on noise performance. Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate the bias and variability in estimates obtained using the proposed optimal samplings and conventional monopolar sampling. Diffusion MRI of the liver was performed in 10 volunteers using 3 IVIM acquisitions: conventional monopolar, optimized monopolar, and b-M1 -optimized gradient waveforms (designed based on the optimal 2D sampling). IVIM parameter maps of diffusion coefficient, perfusion fraction, and blood velocity SD were obtained using nonlinear least squares fitting. Noise performance (SDs), stability (outlier percentage), and test-retest or scan-rescan repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficients) were evaluated and compared across acquisitions. RESULTS Cramer-Rao lower bound and Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated improved noise performance of the optimal 2D sampling in comparison to monopolar samplings. Evaluating the designed b-M1 -optimized waveforms in healthy volunteers, significant decreases (p < 0.05) in the SDs and outlier percentages were observed for measurements of diffusion coefficient, perfusion fraction, and blood velocity SD in comparison to measurements obtained using monopolar samplings. Good-to-excellent repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.77) was observed for all 3 parameters in both the right and left liver lobes using the b-M1 -optimized waveforms. CONCLUSIONS 2D b-M1 -optimized data acquisition enables repeatable IVIM quantification with improved noise performance. 2D acquisitions may advance the establishment of IVIM quantitative biomarkers for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Simchick
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ruiqi Geng
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Wan Q, Bao Y, Xia X, Liu J, Wang P, Peng Y, Xie X, He J, Li X. Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Predicting and Monitoring the Response of Anti-Angiogenic Treatment in the Orthotopic Nude Mouse Model of Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:1202-1210. [PMID: 34570394 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment efficacy of angiogenesis inhibitor could be underestimated at an early stage based on tumor volume changes. Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) can quantitatively assess tumors at the cellular level, but it is unclear whether it can provide useful information for assessing treatment response of anti-angiogenic treatment for lung adenocarcinoma. PURPOSE To determine the use of IVIM-DWI for non-invasive monitoring of the early response to anti-angiogenic treatment in the orthotopic transplantation of lung adenocarcinoma model. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Thirty-seven nude mice were randomized into two groups: treatment group (received bevacizumab + cisplatin, N = 20) and control group (received saline, N = 17). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Single-shot turbo spin-echo (TSE) IVIM-DWI, TSE T2-weighted imaging at 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT Tumor volume, IVIM parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], diffusivity [D], perfusion fraction [f], and pseudo-diffusion coefficient [D*]) were measured before and 2 hours, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after treatment. Regions of interest were manually drawn along the inner edge of the tumor by two radiologists with 5 and 10-year experience in magnetic resonance imaging. Pathological examinations (hematoxylin and eosin stain, cluster of differentiation 34) were performed. STATISTICAL TESTS Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, repeated-measure two-way analysis of variance test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The tumor volume of the two groups was significantly different only on day 14 (control group vs. treatment group, 43.15 ± 18.28 mm3 vs. 28.41 ± 1.71 mm3 ). ADC2h , ADC10d , D2h , D7d , D10d , and D14d were significantly higher, while f10d and f14d were significantly lower in the treatment group compared to those of the control group. Both the △ADC2h (r = -0.631) and △D2h (r = -0.700) showed moderate correlations with the relative tumor volume on day 14. DATA CONCLUSION IVIM has the potential to predict and monitor the early response to anti-angiogenic treatment, earlier than size changes, for lung adenocarcinoma. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Bao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Xia
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieqiong Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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