Unusual Presentation of Mammary Calciphylaxis in a Patient on Long-Standing Renal Dialysis

Calciphylaxis and Kidney Disease: A Review

Calciphylaxis is a life-threatening complication most often associated with chronic kidney disease that occurs as a result of the deposition of calcium in dermal and adipose microvasculature. However, this condition may also be seen in patients with acute kidney injury. The high morbidity and mortality rates associated with calciphylaxis highlight the importance to correctly diagnose and treat this condition. However, calciphylaxis remains a diagnosis that may be clinically challenging to make. Here, we review the literature on uremic calciphylaxis with a focus on its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, advances in diagnostic tools, and treatment strategies. We also discuss the unique histopathological features of calciphylaxis and contrast it with those of other forms of general vessel calcification. This review emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary collaboration including nephrology, dermatology, and palliative care to ultimately provide the best possible care to patients with calciphylaxis.

Calciphylaxis of the breast, mimicking advanced breast cancer with skin involvement

Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is a condition most commonly seen in patients with End-stage Renal Disease. The pathophysiology of the condition is related to an elevated calcium-phosphate product. It associated with extensive calcification, especially of the media of arterioles. It most commonly presents with skin manifestations, especially in the abdomen. However, when it occurs in the breast, it can mimic an advanced breast malignancy. We report a case of a 34-year-old female who presented with an extensive lesion to the breast, initially thought to be a long-neglected breast carcinoma. However, it was ultimately diagnosed as calciphylaxis of the breast, and radiologic imaging (particularly ultrasound and mammography) were crucial in making the diagnosis. We make the case of the importance of radiologic imaging in diagnosing this condition.