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Hummel T, Power Guerra N, Gunder N, Hähner A, Menzel S. Olfactory Function and Olfactory Disorders. Laryngorhinootologie 2023; 102:S67-S92. [PMID: 37130532 PMCID: PMC10184680 DOI: 10.1055/a-1957-3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The sense of smell is important. This became especially clear to patients with infection-related olfactory loss during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We react, for example, to the body odors of other humans. The sense of smell warns us of danger, and it allows us to perceive flavors when eating and drinking. In essence, this means quality of life. Therefore, anosmia must be taken seriously. Although olfactory receptor neurons are characterized by regenerative capacity, anosmia is relatively common with about 5 % of anosmic people in the general population. Olfactory disorders are classified according to their causes (e. g., infections of the upper respiratory tract, traumatic brain injury, chronic rhinosinusitis, age) with the resulting different therapeutic options and prognoses. Thorough history taking is therefore important. A wide variety of tools are available for diagnosis, ranging from short screening tests and detailed multidimensional test procedures to electrophysiological and imaging methods. Thus, quantitative olfactory disorders are easily assessable and traceable. For qualitative olfactory disorders such as parosmia, however, no objectifying diagnostic procedures are currently available. Therapeutic options for olfactory disorders are limited. Nevertheless, there are effective options consisting of olfactory training as well as various additive drug therapies. The consultation and the competent discussion with the patients are of major importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hummel
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum Riechen und Schmecken, HNO Klinik, TU Dresden
| | - N Power Guerra
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institut für Experimentelle Chirurgie, Medizinische Universität Rostock, Rostock
| | - N Gunder
- Universitäts-HNO Klinik Dresden, Dresden
| | - A Hähner
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum Riechen und Schmecken, HNO Klinik, TU Dresden
| | - S Menzel
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum Riechen und Schmecken, HNO Klinik, TU Dresden
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Mohamad SA, Sayed SM, Sadek AA, Badawi AM. Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Insulin Fast Dissolving Films versus Control Group for Anosmic Patients for Improving Their Health and Social Qualities of Life. OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CLINICAL TRIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.2147/oajct.s389489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Kamrava SK, Tavakol Z, Talebi A, Farhadi M, Jalessi M, Hosseini SF, Amini E, Chen B, Hummel T, Alizadeh R. A study of depression, partnership and sexual satisfaction in patients with post-traumatic olfactory disorders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20218. [PMID: 34642400 PMCID: PMC8511173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction (PTOD) is associated with a significant decrease in quality of life. The present study aimed to explore whether PTOD is associated with depression and changes in sexuality. There were two groups in this case-control study. The patient group consisted of patients with PTOD (n = 55), and the control group comprised healthy individuals without the olfactory disorder (n = 115). Olfactory function, depression, partnership, and sexual satisfaction were assessed using the Iranian version of the Sniffin' Sticks test (Ir-SST), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Enrich Couple Scale (ECS) and Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSSW). The BDI scores were higher in the patient group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The SSSW score was lower in the patient group than in controls (p < 0.01), although the ECS score was not significantly different between patients and controls. Also, there was no significant difference in the severity of trauma between marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. However, the analysis showed a statistically significant difference in depression scores in connection with the head trauma severity. In the PTOD group, depression was increased and sexual satisfaction declined. Understanding the association of olfactory dysfunction with depression and sexuality allows patients and doctors to deal with less notable consequences of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Tavakol
- Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery School, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Atefeh Talebi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalessi
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fahimeh Hosseini
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Amini
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ben Chen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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