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Kagawa T, Mori E, Yamaoka I. Fluorescence imaging around the abdomen allows evaluation of gastrointestinal retention of various forms of diet in mice. Nutrition 2023; 116:112162. [PMID: 37549635 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to evaluate gastrointestinal (GI) retention of an ingested meal by fluorescence imaging and compare how retention is affected by differences in the physical characteristics of meals. METHODS Mice were given an oral fluorescent indocyanine green (ICG) probe enclosed in a liposome. We evaluated the correlation between abdominal and GI fluorescence signals. ICG was administered to mice treated with atropine, and abdominal fluorescence was observed repeatedly. Mice were continuously given a regular chow or a liquid diet containing a low or high methoxyl (LM or HM)-pectin through a catheter placed in the stomach for 2 d, after which the mice were given ICG. In all studies, the mice's abdominal and GI fluorescence signals were observed with in vivo imaging equipment. RESULTS The fluorescence intensities (FIs) of the abdomen and the excised GI tract correlated strongly. Attenuation of the abdominal FI was delayed in the atropine-treatment group compared with the non-treated group. The attenuation of abdominal FI 8 to 24 h after ICG administration was significantly weakened in the HM group compared with the regular chow and LM groups. CONCLUSIONS Observing FI attenuation around the abdomen allows for the evaluation of GI tract retention of an ingested meal. Compared with a solid meal, a liquid meal stays longer in the digestive tract, whereas a liquid meal in which the viscosity increases in the stomach is retained like a solid meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kagawa
- Medical Foods Research Institute, OS-1 Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Erika Mori
- Medical Foods Research Institute, OS-1 Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ippei Yamaoka
- Medical Foods Research Institute, OS-1 Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Tokushima, Japan.
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Hussain A, Zhang Z, Yu J, Wei R, Arshad H, Lew J, Jagan C, Wang Y, Chen JH, Huizinga JD. Haustral rhythmic motor patterns of the human large bowel revealed by ultrasound. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G295-G305. [PMID: 37461842 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00068.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Effective and widely available strategies are needed to diagnose colonic motility dysfunction. We investigated whether ultrasonography could generate spatiotemporal maps combined with motor pattern frequency analysis, to become a noninvasive method to characterize human colon motor patterns. Abdominal colonic ultrasonography was performed on healthy subjects (N = 7), focusing on the detailed recording of spontaneous haustral activities. We developed image segmentation and frequency analysis software to analyze the motor patterns captured. Ultrasonography recordings of the ascending, transverse, and descending colon identified three distinct rhythmic motor patterns: the 1 cycle/min and the 3 cycles/min cyclic motor pattern were seen throughout the whole colon, whereas the 12 cycles/min cyclic motor pattern was identified in the ascending colon. The rhythmic motor patterns of the human colon that are associated with interstitial cells of Cajal-associated pacemaking activity can be accurately identified and quantified using ultrasound.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ultrasonography in the clinical field is an underutilized tool for assessing colonic motility; however, with the addition of frequency analysis techniques, it provides a method to identify human colonic motor patterns. Here we report on the 1, 3, and 12 cpm rhythmic motor patterns. Ultrasound has the potential to become a bedside assessment for colonic dysmotility and may reveal the health of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) pacemaker activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Hussain
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Yu
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruihan Wei
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hamza Arshad
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jinhwan Lew
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cierra Jagan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yongdong Wang
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ji-Hong Chen
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan D Huizinga
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The gastrocolonic response (GCR), is a physiologic increase in motor activity of the colon, which usually occurs within minutes following meal ingestion. Over the years several triggers that provoke GCR were recognized including gastric dilation, caloric intake, and fat component of the meal. The response is mediated by the vagal nerve and neurohumoral mechanisms, and it can be modified by several pharmacological factors. Assessment of GCR is part of high-resolution colonic manometry studies, performed in patients with suspected colonic dysmotility. This review highlights the physiologic basis of GCR as well as its clinical and diagnostic features and implementation in variable pathological conditions and clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS GCR has a role in patients with constipation, diabetes, dumping syndrome, bowel hyper and hypomotility and irritable bowel syndrome. Novel sensory triggers for GCR were recently recognized. GCR is a physiological response which is evaluated during colonic manometry studies. Abnormal GCR is a marker of an underlying pathology, which can provide a potential target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Dorfman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Khalil El-Chammas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sherief Mansi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ajay Kaul
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Bhave S, Ho WLN, Cheng K, Omer M, Bousquet N, Guyer RA, Hotta R, Goldstein AM. Tamoxifen administration alters gastrointestinal motility in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14357. [PMID: 35279902 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamoxifen is widely used for Cre-estrogen receptor-mediated genomic recombination in transgenic mouse models to mark cells for lineage tracing and to study gene function. However, recent studies have highlighted off-target effects of tamoxifen in various tissues and cell types when used for induction of Cre recombination. Despite the widespread use of these transgenic Cre models to assess gastrointestinal (GI) function, the effect of tamoxifen exposure on GI motility has not been described. METHODS We examined the effects of tamoxifen on GI motility by measuring total GI transit, gastric emptying, small intestinal transit, and colonic contractility in wild-type adult mice. KEY RESULTS We observed a significant delay in total GI transit in tamoxifen-treated mice, with unaltered gastric emptying, accelerated small intestinal transit, and abnormal colonic motility. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of considering GI motility alterations induced by tamoxifen when designing protocols that utilize tamoxifen as a Cre-driver for studying GI function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhada Bhave
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wing Lam N Ho
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katarina Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meredith Omer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole Bousquet
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard A Guyer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryo Hotta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allan M Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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