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Jahani-Sherafat S, Azimirad M, Raeisi H, Azizmohammad Looha M, Tavakkoli S, Ahmadi Amoli H, Moghim S, Rostami-Nejad M, Yadegar A, Zali MR. Alterations in the gut microbiota and their metabolites in human intestinal epithelial cells of patients with colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:265. [PMID: 38302841 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota has become one of the main risk factors for the formation and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC intensification may be due to the microbial pathogens' colonization and their released metabolites. Here, we analyzed Bacteroidetes and Clostridia bacteria in CRC patients and studied bacterial metabolome in cancerous tissues compared to their adjacent normal tissues. METHODS AND RESULTS The population of selected bacteria in biopsy specimens of 30 patients with CRC was studied by RT-qPCR. The mutagenicity and cytotoxicity effects of microbiota metabolites were evaluated by Ames test and MTT Assay, respectively. Moreover, gene expression in carcinogenic pathways was studied by RT-qPCR, and genes with different expressions in tumor and non-tumor tissues were diagnosed. Based on microbiota analysis, the relative abundance of Clostridia and C. difficile was significantly higher in CRC tissue, whereas C. perfringens showed higher relative abundance in normal tissue. AIMES test confirmed the proliferation and mutagenicity effects of the bacterial metabolites in CRC patients. Significant upregulation of C-Myc, GRB2, IL-8, EGFR, PI3K, and AKT and downregulation of ATM were observed in CRC samples compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS The influence of bacterial metabolites on inflammation and altered expression of genes in the cell signaling pathways was observed. The findings confirm the role gut microbiota composition and bacterial metabolites as key players in CRC onset and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Jahani-Sherafat
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Arabi Ave., Yemen St, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimirad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Arabi Ave., Yemen St, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Raeisi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Arabi Ave., Yemen St, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Tavakkoli
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sharareh Moghim
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Arabi Ave., Yemen St, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Valciukiene J, Strupas K, Poskus T. Tissue vs. Fecal-Derived Bacterial Dysbiosis in Precancerous Colorectal Lesions: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1602. [PMID: 36900392 PMCID: PMC10000868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in gut microbiota play a pivotal role in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. However, there is still a notable lack of the correct implementation of tissue and fecal sampling in the setting of human gut microbiota examination. This study aimed to review the literature and to consolidate the current evidence on the use of mucosa and a stool-based matrix investigating human gut microbiota changes in precancerous colorectal lesions. A systematic review of papers from 2012 until November 2022 published on the PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted. The majority of the included studies have significantly associated gut microbial dysbiosis with premalignant polyps in the colorectum. Although methodological differences hampered the precise fecal and tissue-derived dysbiosis comparison, the analysis revealed several common characteristics in stool-based and fecal-derived gut microbiota structures in patients with colorectal polyps: simple or advanced adenomas, serrated lesions, and carcinomas in situ. The mucosal samples considered were more relevant for the evaluation of microbiota's pathophysiological involvement in CR carcinogenesis, while non-invasive stool sampling could be beneficial for early CRC detection strategies in the future. Further studies are required to identify and validate mucosa-associated and luminal colorectal microbial patterns and their role in CRC carcinogenesis, as well as in the clinical setting of human microbiota studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurate Valciukiene
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephro-Urology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Sun J, Tang Q, Yu S, Xie M, Zheng W, Chen G, Yin Y, Huang X, Wo K, Lei H, Zhang J, Wan Q, Chen L. F. nucleatum facilitates oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via GLUT1-driven lactate production. EBioMedicine 2023; 88:104444. [PMID: 36709580 PMCID: PMC9900488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-resident microbiota has been documented for various cancer types. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is also enriched with microbiota, while the significance of microbiota in shaping the OSCC microenvironment remains elusive. METHODS We used bioinformatics and clinical sample analysis to explore relationship between F. nucleatum and OSCC progression. Xenograft tumor model, metabolic screening and RNA sequencing were performed to elucidate mechanisms of pro-tumor role of F. nucleatum. FINDINGS We show that a major protumorigenic bacterium, F. nucleatum, accumulates in invasive margins of OSCC tissues and drives tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) formation. The mechanistic dissection shows that OSCC-resident F. nucleatum triggers the GalNAc-Autophagy-TBC1D5 signaling, leading to GLUT1 aggregation in the plasma membrane and the deposition of extracellular lactate. Simultaneous functional inhibition of GalNAc and GLUT1 efficiently reduces TAMs formation and restrains OSCC progression. INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that tumor-resident microbiota affects the immunomodulatory and protumorigenic microenvironment via modulating glycolysis and extracellular lactate deposition. The targeted intervention of this process could provide a distinct clinical strategy for patients with advanced OSCC. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Key Program Projects (82030070, to LC) and Distinguished Young Scholars (31725011, to LC), as well as Innovation Team Project of Hubei Province (2020CFA014, to LC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Keqi Wo
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Haoqi Lei
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Junyuan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China,Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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4
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Amini M, Rezasoltani S, Pourhoseingholi MA, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Zali MR. Evaluating the predictive performance of gut microbiota for the early-stage colorectal cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:514. [PMID: 36510191 PMCID: PMC9743636 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been regarded as one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies among the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally. Diagnosis of CRC at the early-stages of tumour might improve the survival rate of patients. The current study sought to determine the performance of fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) for timely predicting CRC. METHODS Through a case-control study, the fecal sample information of 83 individuals (38 females, 45 males) referring to a hospital in Tehran, Iran was used. All patients underwent a complete colonoscopy, regarded as a gold standard test. Bacterial species including S. bovis and F. nucleatum were measured by absolute quantitative real-time PCR. The Bayesian univariate and bivariate latent class models (LCMs) were applied to estimate the ability of the candidate bacterial markers in order to early detection of patients with CRC. RESULTS Bayesian univariate LCMs demonstrated that the sensitivities of S. bovis and F. nucleatum were estimated to be 86% [95% credible interval (CrI) 0.82-0.91] and 82% (95% CrI 0.75-0.88); while specificities were 84% (95% CrI 0.78-0.89) and 80% (95% CrI 0.73-0.87), respectively. Moreover, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were 0.88 (95% CrI 0.83-0.94) and 0.80 (95% CrI 0.73-0.85) respectively for S. bovis and F. nucleatum. Based on the Bayesian bivariate LCMs, the sensitivities of S. bovis and F. nucleatum were calculated as 93% (95% CrI 0.84-0.98) and 90% (95% CrI 0.85-0.97), the specificities were 88% (95% CrI 0.78-0.93) and 87% (95% CrI 0.79-0.94); and the AUCs were 0.91 (95% CrI 0.83-0.99) and 0.88(95% CrI 0.81-0.96), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data has identified that according to the Bayesian bivariate LCM, S. bovis and F. nucleatum had a more significant predictive accuracy compared with the univariate model. In summary, these intestinal bacteria have been highlighted as novel tools for early-stage CRC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Amini
- grid.411600.2Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sama Rezasoltani
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi
- grid.411600.2Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- grid.411600.2Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- grid.411600.2Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Pal S, Saini AK, Kaushal A, Gupta S, Gaur NA, Chhillar AK, Sharma AK, Gupta VK, Saini RV. The Colloquy between Microbiota and the Immune System in Colon Cancer: Repercussions on the Cancer Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3478-3485. [PMID: 36415093 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221122115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and has engrossed researchers' attention toward its detection and prevention at early stages. Primarily associated with genetic and environmental risk factors, the disease has also shown its emergence due to dysbiosis in microbiota. The microbiota not only plays a role in modulating the metabolisms of metastatic tissue but also has a keen role in cancer therapy. The immune cells are responsible for secreting various chemokines and cytokines, and activating pattern recognition receptors by different microbes can lead to the trail by which these cells regulate cancer. Furthermore, mixed immune reactions involving NK cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and lymphocytes have shown their connection with the microbial counterpart of the disease. The microbes like Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Enterococcus faecalis and their metabolites have engendered inflammatory reactions in the tumor microenvironment. Hence the interplay between immune cells and various microbes is utilized to study the changing metastasis stage. Targeting either immune cells or microbiota could not serve as a key to tackling this deadly disorder. However, harnessing their complementation towards the disease can be a powerful weapon for developing therapy and diagnostic/prognostic markers. In this review, we have discussed various immune reactions and microbiome interplay in CRC, intending to evaluate the effectiveness of chemotherapy and immunotherapy and their parallel relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Pal
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India.,Central Research Cell, MMIMSR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Ankur Kaushal
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Shagun Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Naseem A Gaur
- Department of Yeast Biofuel, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Anil K Chhillar
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak, India
| | - Anil K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Reena V Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India.,Central Research Cell, MMIMSR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
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6
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Relationship between mucosa-associated gut microbiota and human diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1225-1236. [PMID: 36214382 PMCID: PMC9704521 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a critical role in maintaining gut homeostasis. In the colon, the inner mucus layer ensures commensal microbes are kept at a safe distance from the epithelium while mucin glycans in the outer mucus layer provide microbes with nutrients and binding sites. Microbes residing in the mucus form part of the so-called 'mucosa-associated microbiota' (MAM), a microbial community which, due to its close proximity to the epithelium, has a profound impact on immune and metabolic health by directly impacting gut barrier function and the immune system. Alterations in GI microbial communities have been linked to human diseases. Although most of this knowledge is based on analysis of the faecal microbiota, a growing number of studies show that the MAM signature differs from faecal or luminal microbiota and has the potential to be used to distinguish between diseased and healthy status in well-studied conditions such as IBD, IBS and CRC. However, our knowledge about spatial microbial alterations in pathogenesis remains severely hampered by issues surrounding access to microbial communities in the human gut. In this review, we provide state-of-the-art information on how to access MAM in humans, the composition of MAM, and how changes in MAM relate to changes in human health and disease. A better understanding of interactions occurring at the mucosal surface is essential to advance our understanding of diseases affecting the GI tract and beyond.
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Sattar RSA, Verma R, Nimisha, Kumar A, Dar GM, Apurva, Sharma AK, Kumari I, Ahmad E, Ali A, Mahajan B, Saluja SS. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer and the potential role of exosomes in drug delivery. Cell Signal 2022; 99:110413. [PMID: 35907519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is third most common cancer with second most common cause of death worldwide. One fourth to one fifth of the CRC cases are detected at advance stage. Early detection of colorectal cancer might help in decreasing mortality and morbidity worldwide. CRC being a heterogeneous disease, new non-invasive approaches are needed to complement and improve the screening and management of CRC. Reliable and early detectable biomarkers would improve diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic responses, and will enable the prediction of drug response and recurrence risk. Over the past decades molecular research has demonstrated the potentials of CTCs, ctDNAs, circulating mRNA, ncRNAs, and exosomes as tumor biomarkers. Non-invasive screening approaches using fecal samples for identification of altered gut microbes in CRC is also gaining attention. Exosomes can be potential candidates that can be employed in the drug delivery system. Further, the integration of in vitro, in vivo and in silico models that involve CRC biomarkers will help to understand the interactions occurring at the cellular level. This review summarizes recent update on CRC biomarkers and their application along with the nanoparticles followed by the application of organoid culture in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Real Sumayya Abdul Sattar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Verma
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Nimisha
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Ghulam Mehdi Dar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Apurva
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Sharma
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Indu Kumari
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Ejaj Ahmad
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Mahajan
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of GI Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India.
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Nikolic A, Krivokapic Z. Nucleic acid-based markers of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Surg Oncol 2022; 41:101743. [PMID: 35358913 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2022.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The progress that has been made in the treatment of rectal cancer has mostly resulted from multimodality strategy approach that combines surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), surgery remains the primary treatment, while neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is used to downsize or downstage the tumor before surgical resection. Highly variable response to nCRT observed in LARC patients raises the need for biomarkers to enable prediction and evaluation of treatment response in a more efficient and timely manner than currently available tools. The search for predictive biomarkers continues beyond blood proteins, which have failed in subsequent validation studies. This review presents nucleic acids-based markers and their predictive potential in LARC patients. Most of the candidate biomarkers come from relatively small single-institution studies. The only candidate biomarker that emerged as relevant in more than a single study was elevated levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum nucleic acids in tumor tissue. Considering that this marker is easily accessible through non-invasive analysis of faecal samples, its predictive potential is worth further validation. The other candidate nucleic acid-based biomarkers require more consistent studies on larger cohorts before they can be considered for use in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nikolic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Zoran Krivokapic
- Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
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RIG-I Promotes Cell Viability, Colony Formation, and Glucose Metabolism and Inhibits Cell Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer by NF- κB Signaling Pathway. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1247007. [PMID: 35242239 PMCID: PMC8888050 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1247007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) has crucial effects on various cancers, while RIG-I's detailed roles and mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) are uncovered. Methods qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of RIG-I in CRC, adjacent nontumor specimens, and five cell lines. CCK-8, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays were conducted to study CRC cell viabilities. Extracellular acidification rates, lactate analysis, and ATP analysis were conducted to study the cell viabilities and glucose metabolism of CRC cells. Western blot is used to determine the proteins of NF-κBp65 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Results This study revealed the upregulation of RIG-I in CRC tissues and cells and that high RIG-I expression was correlated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. In addition, silencing RIG-I inhibited cell viability as well as colony formation and promoted cell apoptosis in CRC cells, while RIG-I knockdown suppressed transplanted tumor growth and facilitated apoptosis in nude mice. Moreover, silencing RIG-I inhibited glucose metabolism by decreasing extracellular acidification rate, lactate production, adenosine triphosphate, and content of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and pyruvate kinase isoform. 2.2-Deoxy-d-glucose, a glycolysis inhibitor, reduced the growth of CRC cells and promoted apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, RIG-I knockdown decreased NF-κB nuclear translocation. Besides, inhibiting NF-κB effectively eliminated RIG-I overexpression roles in cell viability and glucose metabolism in CRC cells. Conclusion In summary, this study revealed that RIG-I mediated CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and glucose metabolism at least partly by NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Datorre JG, de Carvalho AC, dos Reis MB, dos Reis M, Matsushita M, Santos F, Guimarães DP, Reis RM. Accuracy and Clinical Relevance of Intra-Tumoral Fusobacterium nucleatum Detection in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Tissue by Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) in Colorectal Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:114. [PMID: 35054281 PMCID: PMC8775036 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to identify and quantify low-abundance targets is a significant advantage for accurately detecting potentially oncogenic bacteria. Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis and is becoming an important prognostic biomarker. We evaluated the detection accuracy and clinical relevance of Fn DNA by ddPCR in a molecularly characterized, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) CRC cohort previously analyzed by qPCR for Fn levels. Following a ddPCR assay optimization and an analytical evaluation, Fn DNA were measured in 139 CRC FFPE cases. The measures of accuracy for Fn status compared to the prior results generated by qPCR and the association with clinicopathological and molecular patients' features were also evaluated. The ddPCR-based Fn assay was sensitive and specific to positive controls. Fn DNA were detected in 20.1% of cases and further classified as Fn-high and Fn-low/negative, according to the median amount of Fn DNA that were detected in all cases and associated with the patient's worst prognosis. There was a low agreement between the Fn status determined by ddPCR and qPCR (Cohen's Kappa = 0.210). Our findings show that ddPCR can detect and quantify Fn in FFPE tumor tissues and highlights its clinical relevance in Fn detection in a routine CRC setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Guilherme Datorre
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784400, Brazil; (J.G.D.); (A.C.d.C.); (M.B.d.R.); (D.P.G.)
| | - Ana Carolina de Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784400, Brazil; (J.G.D.); (A.C.d.C.); (M.B.d.R.); (D.P.G.)
| | - Mariana Bisarro dos Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784400, Brazil; (J.G.D.); (A.C.d.C.); (M.B.d.R.); (D.P.G.)
| | - Monise dos Reis
- Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784400, Brazil; (M.d.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcus Matsushita
- Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784400, Brazil; (M.d.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Florinda Santos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784400, Brazil;
| | - Denise Peixoto Guimarães
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784400, Brazil; (J.G.D.); (A.C.d.C.); (M.B.d.R.); (D.P.G.)
- Department of Prevention, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784400, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784400, Brazil; (J.G.D.); (A.C.d.C.); (M.B.d.R.); (D.P.G.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4704553 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4704553 Braga, Portugal
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11
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Ferrara F, Zoupanou S, Primiceri E, Ali Z, Chiriacò MS. Beyond liquid biopsy: Toward non-invasive assays for distanced cancer diagnostics in pandemics. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 196:113698. [PMID: 34688113 PMCID: PMC8527216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy technologies have seen a significant improvement in the last decade, offering the possibility of reliable analysis and diagnosis from several biological fluids. The use of these technologies can overcome the limits of standard clinical methods, related to invasiveness and poor patient compliance. Along with this there are now mature examples of lab-on-chips (LOC) which are available and could be an emerging and breakthrough technology for the present and near-future clinical demands that provide sample treatment, reagent addition and analysis in a sample-in/answer-out approach. The possibility of combining non-invasive liquid biopsy and LOC technologies could greatly assist in the current need for minimizing exposure and transmission risks. The recent and ongoing pandemic outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, indeed, has heavily influenced all aspects of life worldwide. Ordinary tasks have been forced to switch from “in presence” to “distanced”, limiting the possibilities for a large number of activities in all fields of life outside of the home. Unfortunately, one of the settings in which physical distancing has assumed noteworthy consequences is the screening, diagnosis and follow-up of diseases. In this review, we analyse biological fluids that are easily collected without the intervention of specialized personnel and the possibility that they may be used -or not-for innovative diagnostic assays. We consider their advantages and limitations, mainly due to stability and storage and their integration into Point-of-Care diagnostics, demonstrating that technologies in some cases are mature enough to meet current clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferrara
- STMicroelectronics s.r.l., via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Sofia Zoupanou
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; University of Salento, Dept. of Mathematics & Physics E. de Giorgi, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Primiceri
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Zulfiqur Ali
- University of Teesside, School of Health & Life Sciences, Healthcare Innovation Centre, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, Tees Valley, England, UK
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12
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Guo T, Liu D, Peng S, Wang M, Li Y. A Positive Feedback Loop of lncRNA MIR31HG-miR-361-3p -YY1 Accelerates Colorectal Cancer Progression Through Modulating Proliferation, Angiogenesis, and Glycolysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684984. [PMID: 34485123 PMCID: PMC8416113 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor with high metastatic and recurrent rates. This study probes the effect and mechanism of long non-coding RNA MIR31HG on the progression of CRC cells. Materials and Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression of MIR31HG and miR-361-3p in CRC tissues and normal tissues. Gain- or loss-of-function assays were conducted to examine the roles of MIR31HG, miR-361-3p and YY1 transcription factor (YY1) in the CRC progression. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and colony formation experiment were conducted to test CRC cell proliferation. CRC cell invasion was determined by Transwell assay. The glucose detection kit and lactic acid detection kit were utilized to monitor the levels of glucose and lactate in CRC cells. The glycolysis level in CRC cells was examined by the glycolytic stress experiment. Western blot was performed to compare the expression of glycolysis-related proteins (PKM2, GLUT1 and HK2) and angiogenesis-related proteins (including VEGFA, ANGPT1, HIF1A and TIMP1) in HUVECs. The binding relationships between MIR31HG and miR-361-3p, miR-361-3p and YY1 were evaluated by the dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Results MIR31HG was up-regulated in CRC tissues and was associated with poorer prognosis of CRC patients. The in-vitro and in-vivo experiments confirmed that overexpressing MIR31HG heightened the proliferation, growth, invasion, glycolysis and lung metastasis of CRC cells as well as the angiogenesis of HUVECs. In addition, MIR3HG overexpression promoted YY1 mRNA and protein level, and forced overexpression of YY1 enhanced MIR31HG level. Overexpressing YY1 reversed the tumor-suppressive effect mediated by MIR31HG knockdown. miR-361-3p, which was inhibited by MIR31HG overexpression, repressed the malignant behaviors of CRC cells. miR-361-3p-mediated anti-tumor effects were mostly reversed by upregulating MIR31HG. Further mechanism studies illustrated that miR-361-3p targeted and negatively regulated the expression of YY1. Conclusion This study reveals that MIR31HG functions as an oncogenic gene in CRC via forming a positive feedback loop of MIR31HG-miR-361-3p-YY1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Defeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shihao Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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