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Abbott CJ, Baglin EK, Kolic M, McGuinness MB, Titchener SA, Young KA, Yeoh J, Luu CD, Ayton LN, Petoe MA, Allen PJ. Interobserver Agreement of Electrode to Retina Distance Measurements in a Second-Generation (44-Channel) Suprachoroidal Retinal Prosthesis. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:4. [PMID: 36066322 PMCID: PMC9463715 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.9.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The electrode to retina (ER) distance is an important contributory factor to the safety and efficacy of a suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis. Measuring ER distance may be performed by different observers during multisite studies. The aim of this study was to assess the interobserver agreement in measuring ER distance. Methods Three independent, trained observers measured ER distance from the center of each suprachoroidal electrode to the inner retinal pigment epithelium in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) B-scans. A total of 121 ER distance measurements from 77 B-scans collected over 5 months from one subject implanted with a second-generation 44-channel suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis (NCT03406416) were made by each observer. Results ER distance ranged from 208 to 509 µm. Pearson's correlation coefficient (ρ) showed agreement of 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98–0.99) in measuring ER for each pairwise comparison. The mean difference in ER distance between observers ranged from 2.4 to 6.4 µm with pairwise limits of agreement (95% CI) of ±20 µm (5.5% of mean). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed agreement of 0.98 (95% CI = 0.97–0.99) between observers. Conclusions There is high agreement in measuring ER distances for suprachoroidal retinal prostheses using our systematic approach between multiple, trained observers, supporting the use of a single observer for each image. Translational Relevance High interobserver agreement outcomes indicate that multiple, trained observers can be used to take ER measurements across different images in suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis studies. This improves multisite study efficiency and gives confidence in interpreting results relating to the safety and efficacy of suprachoroidal retinal prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Abbott
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth K Baglin
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Kolic
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Myra B McGuinness
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel A Titchener
- Bionics Institute of Australia, Victoria, Australia.,Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kiera A Young
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Yeoh
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chi D Luu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren N Ayton
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew A Petoe
- Bionics Institute of Australia, Victoria, Australia.,Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope J Allen
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wang J, Zhao R, Li P, Fang Z, Li Q, Han Y, Zhou R, Zhang Y. Clinical Progress and Optimization of Information Processing in Artificial Visual Prostheses. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6544. [PMID: 36081002 PMCID: PMC9460383 DOI: 10.3390/s22176544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Visual prostheses, used to assist in restoring functional vision to the visually impaired, convert captured external images into corresponding electrical stimulation patterns that are stimulated by implanted microelectrodes to induce phosphenes and eventually visual perception. Detecting and providing useful visual information to the prosthesis wearer under limited artificial vision has been an important concern in the field of visual prosthesis. Along with the development of prosthetic device design and stimulus encoding methods, researchers have explored the possibility of the application of computer vision by simulating visual perception under prosthetic vision. Effective image processing in computer vision is performed to optimize artificial visual information and improve the ability to restore various important visual functions in implant recipients, allowing them to better achieve their daily demands. This paper first reviews the recent clinical implantation of different types of visual prostheses, summarizes the artificial visual perception of implant recipients, and especially focuses on its irregularities, such as dropout and distorted phosphenes. Then, the important aspects of computer vision in the optimization of visual information processing are reviewed, and the possibilities and shortcomings of these solutions are discussed. Ultimately, the development direction and emphasis issues for improving the performance of visual prosthesis devices are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Information, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Rongfeng Zhao
- School of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Peitong Li
- School of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- School of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yanling Han
- School of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ruyan Zhou
- School of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Cha S, Ahn J, Jeong Y, Lee YH, Kim HK, Lee D, Yoo Y, Goo YS. Stage-Dependent Changes of Visual Function and Electrical Response of the Retina in the rd10 Mouse Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:926096. [PMID: 35936494 PMCID: PMC9345760 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.926096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the critical prerequisites for the successful development of retinal prostheses is understanding the physiological features of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the different stages of retinal degeneration (RD). This study used our custom-made rd10 mice, C57BL/6-Pde6bem1(R560C)Dkl/Korl mutated on the Pde6b gene in C57BL/6J mouse with the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing method. We selected the postnatal day (P) 45, P70, P140, and P238 as representative ages for RD stages. The optomotor response measured the visual acuity across degeneration stages. At P45, the rd10 mice exhibited lower visual acuity than wild-type (WT) mice. At P140 and older, no optomotor response was observed. We classified RGC responses to the flashed light into ON, OFF, and ON/OFF RGCs via in vitro multichannel recording. With degeneration, the number of RGCs responding to the light stimulation decreased in all three types of RGCs. The OFF response disappeared faster than the ON response with older postnatal ages. We elicited RGC spikes with electrical stimulation and analyzed the network-mediated RGC response in the rd10 mice. Across all postnatal ages, the spikes of rd10 RGCs were less elicited by pulse amplitude modulation than in WT RGCs. The ratio of RGCs showing multiple peaks of spike burst increased in older ages. The electrically evoked RGC spikes by the pulse amplitude modulation differ across postnatal ages. Therefore, degeneration stage-dependent stimulation strategies should be considered for developing retinal prosthesis and successful vision restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkwang Cha
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jungryul Ahn
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yurim Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yong Hee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyong Kyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Daekee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yongseok Yoo
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yongseok Yoo,
| | - Yong Sook Goo
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
- Yong Sook Goo,
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Karapanos L, Abbott CJ, Ayton LN, Kolic M, McGuinness MB, Baglin EK, Titchener SA, Kvansakul J, Johnson D, Kentler WG, Barnes N, Nayagam DAX, Allen PJ, Petoe MA. Functional Vision in the Real-World Environment With a Second-Generation (44-Channel) Suprachoroidal Retinal Prosthesis. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:7. [PMID: 34383875 PMCID: PMC8362639 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.10.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In a clinical trial (NCT03406416) of a second-generation (44-channel) suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis implanted in subjects with late-stage retinitis pigmentosa (RP), we assessed performance in real-world functional visual tasks and emotional well-being. Methods The Functional Low-Vision Observer Rated Assessment (FLORA) and Impact of Vision Impairment-Very Low Vision (IVI-VLV) instruments were administered to four subjects before implantation and after device fitting. The FLORA contains 13 self-reported and 35 observer-reported items ranked for ease of conducting task (impossible-easy, central tendency given as mode). The IVI-VLV instrument quantified the impact of low vision on daily activities and emotional well-being. Results Three subjects completed the FLORA for two years after device fitting; the fourth subject ceased participation in the FLORA after fitting for reasons unrelated to the device. For all subjects at each post-fitting visit, the mode ease of task with device ON was better or equal to device OFF. Ease of task improved over the first six months with device ON, then remained stable. Subjects reported improvements in mobility, functional vision, and quality of life with device ON. The IVI-VLV suggested self-assessed vision-related quality of life was not impacted by device implantation or usage. Conclusions Subjects demonstrated sustained improved ease of task scores with device ON compared to OFF, indicating the device has a positive impact in the real-world setting. Translational Relevance Our suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis shows potential utility in everyday life, by enabling an increased environmental awareness and improving access to sensory information for people with end-stage RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Karapanos
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carla J. Abbott
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren N. Ayton
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Kolic
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Myra B. McGuinness
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth K. Baglin
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel A. Titchener
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Kvansakul
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dean Johnson
- Specialised Orientation and Mobility, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William G. Kentler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nick Barnes
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David A. X. Nayagam
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Penelope J. Allen
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Petoe
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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