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Ravina K, Finch IJ, Patel B, Yim B. Y-Stent Technique Using Dual Comaneci Embolization Assist Devices for Coil Embolization of a Ruptured Wide-Necked Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: A Technical Case Report. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2024; 27:365-369. [PMID: 38578712 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000001143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Despite technological advances, ruptured wide-necked aneurysms continue to pose a challenge for endovascular management. Comaneci (Rapid Medical) is a relatively new temporary aneurysm neck bridging device to assist in coiling of wide-necked aneurysms without the need for dual antiplatelet therapy or parent vessel flow interruption. Y configuration is often necessary to prevent coil migration in cases of wide-necked aneurysms. Thus far, there have been no reports of using Comaneci device in Y configuration to aid anterior circulation aneurysm treatment. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 60-year-old man presented with a Hunt-Hess grade 5, modified Fisher grade 4 subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured wide-necked anterior communicating artery aneurysm with a dome-to-neck ratio of 1:2. Two Comaneci devices were used in a Y configuration to prevent coil prolapse into the contralateral A2 branch. After successful coiling of the aneurysm, both Comaneci devices were collapsed and removed without incident; the coil catheter was also removed without incident. Follow-up angiogram demonstrated successful occlusion of the wide-necked anterior communicating artery aneurysm without the use of a permanent stent or balloon assistance. CONCLUSION This case represents a first-time report of successfully using 2 Comaneci devices in a Y configuration for the treatment of a ruptured wide-necked anterior circulation aneurysm. This knowledge can potentially further expand the use of double Comaneci devices in Y configuration for the treatment of both anterior and posterior circulation aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Ravina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carilion Clinic, Virginia Tech School of Medicine, Roanoke , Virginia , USA
| | - Ira J Finch
- Bay Imaging Consultants Medical Group, Walnut Creek , California , USA
| | - Biraj Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carilion Clinic, Virginia Tech School of Medicine, Roanoke , Virginia , USA
| | - Benjamin Yim
- Neurosurgery Division, East Bay Brain and Spine Medical Group, Walnut Creek , California , USA
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Lin LM, Collard de Beaufort J, Wang AS, Campos JK, Zarrin DA, Meyer BM, Colby GP, Coon AL. Augmentation of flow diverter vessel wall apposition using the Comaneci device: case experience from a novel, off-label technique. J Neurointerv Surg 2024; 16:764-769. [PMID: 37586816 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2023-020533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flow diversion (FD) embolization of intracranial cerebral aneurysms is an increasingly common modality where treatment success depends on adequate vessel wall apposition of the device. This study aimed to investigate off-label use of the Comaneci device for augmenting vessel wall apposition in post-deployed flow diversion stents (FDS). METHODS Over a 20- month period, all FD cases for the treatment of internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms were reviewed. Cases in which the Comaneci device was used to augment vessel wall apposition were analyzed. Data including patient demographics, case characteristics, and procedural outcomes were collected and analyzed as counts. RESULTS From a total of 74 ICA FD cases, the Comaneci device was used to improve vessel wall apposition in 22 cases (29.7%) . Of these cases, 91% were female with a mean patient age of 64.9±11.3 years, and an average aneurysm size of 4.5±2.5 mm. Comaneci device deployment and retrieval was successful in all (100%) cases, with an average fluoroscopy time of 27.3±7.8 min, an average contrast usage of 25.8±13.2 mL, and an average radiation exposure of 915.1±320.8 mGy. Only two cases (9%) required subsequent balloon angioplasty after Comaneci deployment to improve vessel wall apposition throughout the FDS. CONCLUSION Our experience with this technique demonstrates the feasibility of using the Comaneci device for augmentation of FDS vessel wall apposition with 100% success in the deployment and retrieval of the Comaneci device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Lin
- Neurosurgery, Carondelet Neurological Institute, Carondelet Health Network, St. Joseph's Hospital, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Alice S Wang
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, California, USA
| | - Jessica K Campos
- Neurosurgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - David A Zarrin
- Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Benjamen M Meyer
- Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Geoffrey P Colby
- Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander L Coon
- Neurosurgery, Carondelet Neurological Institute, Carondelet Health Network, St. Joseph's Hospital, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Sioutas GS, Salem MM, Burkhardt JK, Srinivasan VM, Jankowitz BT. Comaneci-assisted coiling of a right posterior communicating artery aneurysm: an unusual case of coil retention. J Neurointerv Surg 2023; 15:1286. [PMID: 37015782 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2022-020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Although endovascular embolization has become the main treatment option for intracranial aneurysms,1 2 wide-necked intracranial aneurysms remain difficult to coil.3 Both stent- and balloon-assisted coiling are used for wide-necked aneurysms because they provide a scaffold that protects the parent vessel during coiling.4 5 However, stent-assisted coiling requires dual antiplatelet therapy, which increases the risk of bleeding, whereas balloon-assisted coiling temporarily obstructs blood flow.4 6 7 The Comaneci device (Rapid Medical, Yokneam, Israel) has recently received US Food and Drug Administration approval as a 'temporary coil embolization assist device'.5 It temporarily covers the aneurysm neck and allows safe coiling, avoiding the disadvantages mentioned above.6-8 A potential complication of Comaneci-assisted coiling is coil retention when it adheres to the device on recapture; this complication should be promptly recognized and managed.5 9 10 In this video, we present an unusual case of coil retention with the Comaneci device (Video 1). neurintsurg;15/12/1286/V1F1V1Video 1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios S Sioutas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohamed M Salem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jan-Karl Burkhardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Visish M Srinivasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian T Jankowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sun B, Lan S, Sawant H, Li Y, Ling Y, Zhang B, Wu P, Wang C, Shi H, Xu S. A systematic review and meta-analysis of Comaneci/Cascade temporary neck bridging devices for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1276681. [PMID: 37817943 PMCID: PMC10560715 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1276681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The temporary neck bridging devices represented by Comaneci and Cascade are a type of promising endovascular device for the treatment of intracranial bifurcation or wide-necked aneurysms. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the efficacy and safety of Comaneci/Cascade devices for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Methods We performed a systematic literature search on articles in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science that evaluated the efficacy and safety of Comaneci/Cascade devices for endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analytics (PRISMA) guideline. We extracted the characteristics and treatment related information of patients included in the study, recorded the rate of technical success, procedural related complications, and angiographic outcomes. The angiographic outcome was evaluated based on Raymond Roy classification, and adequate occlusion was defined as Raymond Ray I + II. Results Nine studies comprising 253 patients with 255 aneurysms were included. Among them, eight studies were conducted in Europe, one study was conducted in the USA. All these studies were retrospective. 206 aneurysms (80.78%) were ruptured. The vast majority of patients with ruptured aneurysms did not receive antiplatelet therapy. The rate of technical success was 97.1% (95% CI, 94.9 to 99.3%, I2 = 0%). The rate of periprocedural clinical complications was 10.9% (95% CI, 5.4 to 22.1%, I2 = 54%). The rate of complete occlusion (RR1) and adequate occlusion (RR1 + RR2) on immediate angiography after the procedure were 77.7% (95% CI, 72.7 to 83.2%, I2 = 35%) and 98% (95% CI, 95.9 to 100%, I2 = 0%) respectively. The rate of complete occlusion (RR1) and adequate occlusion (RR1 + RR2) on the last follow-up angiography were 81.2% (95% CI, 69.2 to 95.2%, I2 = 81%) and 93.7% (95% CI, 85.6 to 100%, I2 = 69%) respectively, with follow-up range from 3 to 18 months. 22/187 (11.76%) cases of aneurysms progressed during the follow-up period. 39/187 (20.86%) cases of aneurysms received additional treatment during the follow-up period. No fatal complications occurred during the treatment. Conclusion The Comaneci/Cascade device can be used as an auxiliary treatment for intracranial aneurysms, with a good occlusion effect, but the incidence of complications still needs to be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Shuai Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Harshal Sawant
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yeping Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huaizhang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shancai Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Salem MM, Khalife J, Desai S, Sharashidze V, Badger C, Kuhn AL, Monteiro A, Salahuddin H, Siddiqui AH, Singh J, Levy EI, Lang M, Grandhi R, Thomas AJ, Lin LM, Tanweer O, Burkhardt JK, Puri AS, Gross BA, Nossek E, Hassan AE, Shaikh HA, Jankowitz BT. COManeci MechANical Dilation for vasospasm (COMMAND): multicenter experience. J Neurointerv Surg 2023; 15:864-870. [PMID: 36002289 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2022-019272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the largest multicenter experience to date of utilizing the Comaneci device for endovascular treatment of refractory intracranial vasospasm. METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing Comaneci mechanical dilatation for vasospasm were extracted from prospectively maintained registries in 11 North American centers (2020-2022). Intra-arterial vasodilators (IAV) were allowed, with the Comaneci device utilized after absence of vessel dilation post-infusion. Pre- and post-vasospasm treatment scores were recorded for each segment, with primary radiological outcome of score improvement post-treatment. Primary clinical outcome was safety/device-related complications, with secondary endpoints of functional outcomes at last follow-up. RESULTS A total of 129 vessels in 40 patients (median age 52 years; 67.5% females) received mechanical dilation, 109 of which (84.5%) exhibited pre-treatment severe-to-critical vasospasm (ie, score 3/4). Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage was the most common etiology of vasospasm (85%), with 65% of procedures utilizing Comaneci-17 (92.5% of patients received IAV). The most treated segments were anterior cerebral artery (34.9%) and middle cerebral artery (31%). Significant vasospasm drop (pre-treatment score (3-4) to post-treatment (0-2)) was achieved in 89.9% of vessels (96.1% of vessels experienced ≥1-point drop in score post-treatment). There were no major procedural/post-procedural device-related complications. Primary failure (ie, vessel unresponsive) was encountered in one vessel (1 patient) (1/129; 0.8%) while secondary failure (ie, recurrence in previously treated segment requiring retreatment in another procedure) occurred in 16 vessels (7 patients) (16/129; 12.4%), with median time-to-retreatment of 2 days. Favorable clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0-2) was noted in 51.5% of patients (median follow-up 6 months). CONCLUSIONS The Comaneci device provides a complementary strategy for treatment of refractory vasospasm with reasonable efficacy/favorable safety. Future prospective trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Salem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jane Khalife
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sohum Desai
- Department of Neuroscience, Valley Baptist Medical Center, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Harlingen, Texas, USA
| | - Vera Sharashidze
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Clint Badger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anna L Kuhn
- Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andre Monteiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Hisham Salahuddin
- Department of Neurology, Antelope Valley Medical Center, Lancaster, California, USA
| | - Adnan H Siddiqui
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jasmeet Singh
- Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elad I Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michael Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ramesh Grandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ajith J Thomas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Li-Mei Lin
- Carondelet Neurological Institute, Carondelet Health Network, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Omar Tanweer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jan-Karl Burkhardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ajit S Puri
- Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bradley A Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erez Nossek
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ameer E Hassan
- Department of Neuroscience, Valley Baptist Medical Center, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Harlingen, Texas, USA
| | - Hamza A Shaikh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brian T Jankowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Comaneci-Assisted Coiling of Wide-Necked Intracranial Aneurysm: A Single-Center Preliminary Experience. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226650. [PMID: 36431127 PMCID: PMC9696797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wide-necked aneurysms remain challenging for both coiling and microsurgical clipping. They often require additional techniques to prevent coil prolapse into the parent artery, such as balloon- and stent-assisted coiling. Comaneci is an expandable and removable stent that acts as a bridging device and does not interfere with the blood flow of the parent artery. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed our institutional radiological and clinical chart of patients treated for saccular intracranial aneurysm via endovascular Comaneci-assisted coiling. The aim of the study was to report our preliminary experience in Comaneci-assisted coiling of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. RESULTS We included 14 patients in the study. Of these, 11 had a ruptured intracranial aneurysm and were treated with Comaneci-assisted coiling. We registered five minor intraprocedural complications and two intraprocedural failures of the device. At one-year follow-up, a satisfying aneurysm occlusion was observed in 85% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS Though long-term follow-up data and larger case series are needed, this preliminary study showed the feasibility of the Comaneci-assisted coiling method for both ruptured and unruptured wide-neck intracranial aneurysms, with similar occlusion rates as balloon-assisted coiling. However, we registered high incidence of thromboembolic complications; these were probably related to the lack of heparin administration. The main advantageous application of this technique is likely in cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysms, as there is no need for post-procedural antiplatelet therapy.
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Mascitelli JR, Mocco J, Hardigan T, Hendricks BK, Yoon JS, Yaeger KA, Kellner CP, De Leacy RA, Fifi JT, Bederson JB, Albuquerque FC, Ducruet AF, Birnbaum LA, Caron JLR, Rodriguez P, Lawton MT. Endovascular therapy versus microsurgical clipping of unruptured wide-neck aneurysms: a prospective multicenter study with propensity score analysis. J Neurosurg 2022; 137:352-359. [PMID: 34952522 DOI: 10.3171/2021.10.jns211942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous techniques have been developed to treat wide-neck aneurysms (WNAs), each with different safety and efficacy profiles. Few studies have compared endovascular therapy (EVT) with microsurgery (MS). The authors' objective was to perform a prospective multicenter study of a WNA registry using rigorous outcome assessments and to compare EVT and MS using propensity score analysis (PSA). METHODS Unruptured, saccular, not previously treated WNAs were included. WNA was defined as an aneurysm with a neck width ≥ 4 mm or a dome-to-neck ratio (DTNR) < 2. The primary outcome was modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 1 year after treatment (good outcome was defined as mRS score 0-2), as assessed by blinded research nurses and compared with PSA. Angiographic outcome was assessed using the Raymond scale with core laboratory review (adequate occlusion was defined as Raymond scale score 1-2). RESULTS The analysis included 224 unruptured aneurysms in the EVT cohort (n = 140) and MS cohort (n = 84). There were no differences in baseline demographic characteristics, such as proportion of patients with good baseline mRS score (94.3% of the EVT cohort vs 94.0% of the MS cohort, p = 0.941). WNA inclusion criteria were similar between cohorts, with the most common being both neck width ≥ 4 mm and DTNR < 2 (50.7% of the EVT cohort vs 50.0% of the MS cohort, p = 0.228). More paraclinoid (32.1% vs 9.5%) and basilar tip (7.1% vs 3.6%) aneurysms were treated with EVT, whereas more middle cerebral artery (13.6% vs 42.9%) and pericallosal (1.4% vs 4.8%) aneurysms were treated with MS (p < 0.001). EVT aneurysms were slightly larger (p = 0.040), and MS aneurysms had a slightly lower mean DTNR (1.4 for the EVT cohort vs 1.3 for the MS cohort, p = 0.010). Within the EVT cohort, 9.3% of patients underwent stand-alone coiling, 17.1% balloon-assisted coiling, 34.3% stent-assisted coiling, 37.1% flow diversion, and 2.1% PulseRider-assisted coiling. Neurological morbidity secondary to a procedural complication was more common in the MS cohort (10.3% vs 1.4%, p = 0.003). One-year mRS scores were assessed for 218 patients (97.3%), and no significantly increased risk of poor clinical outcome was found for the MS cohort (OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.84-5.60, p = 0.110). In an unadjusted direct comparison, more patients in the EVT cohort achieved a good clinical outcome at 1 year (93.4% vs 84.1%, p = 0.048). Final adequate angiographic outcome was superior in the MS cohort (97.6% of the MS cohort vs 86.5% of the EVT cohort, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Although the treatments for unruptured WNA had similar clinical outcomes according to PSA, there were fewer complications and superior clinical outcome in the EVT cohort and superior angiographic outcomes in the MS cohort according to the unadjusted analysis. These results may be considered when selecting treatment modalities for patients with unruptured WNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Mascitelli
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - J Mocco
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | - Trevor Hardigan
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin K Hendricks
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona; and
| | - James S Yoon
- 4Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kurt A Yaeger
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | - Christopher P Kellner
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | - Reade A De Leacy
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | - Johanna T Fifi
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | - Joshua B Bederson
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | - Felipe C Albuquerque
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona; and
| | - Andrew F Ducruet
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona; and
| | - Lee A Birnbaum
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jean Louis R Caron
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Pavel Rodriguez
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael T Lawton
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona; and
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