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Nadgauda KP, Metgud DC, Bellad RM, Sadanandan DM, Bos AF, Georgieff MK. Exploring the association between haematological markers of iron and general movements in 4-month-old infants exposed to anaemia in-utero. Early Hum Dev 2024; 195:106080. [PMID: 39047633 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is a vital micronutrient for brain development, influencing myelination, neurotransmitter balance, and the maturation of specific brain cells. Hence iron insufficiency in the foetal, neonatal and infancy period has the potential to influence the neuromotor development. AIMS We aimed to describe haematological markers of iron at 4 months of age in infants exposed to prenatal anaemia and explore the association with their quality of general movements. STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional study nested within the RAPIDIRON-KIDS trial. SUBJECTS All infants whose mothers were part of RAPIDIRON-KIDS trial, were eligible to participate in this study when the infants were 4 months old. Children suffering from fever or acute illness on the day of assessment, or with a history of either surgery, or admission to hospital in the first month were excluded. OUTCOME MEASURES Haematological markers of iron (Haemoglobin and Ferritin level) and quality of general movements in infants at 4 months of age. RESULTS 120 infants were assessed with mean birth weight of 2685.5 g (±384.5) and median gestational age of 39 weeks [Q1, Q3:38,40]. There was no significant association between haemoglobin or ferritin levels with fidgety movements (p = 0.18 and p = 0.27, respectively). The combined effect of haemoglobin and ferritin estimates also did not show any significant association with the study groups (p = 0.21). CONCLUSION A majority of infants still had low iron indices at 4 months of age and this was not associated with the quality of general movements. A prospective longitudinal study needs to be considered in infants exposed to prenatal anaemia rather than assessing the outcomes at a single time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran P Nadgauda
- KLE Institute of Physiotherapy, KAHER, Belagavi, Karnataka. India
| | - Deepa C Metgud
- KLE Institute of Physiotherapy, KAHER, Belagavi, Karnataka. India.
| | - Roopa M Bellad
- Women's & Children's Health Research Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, Karnataka. India
| | - Deepthy M Sadanandan
- Women's & Children's Health Research Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, Karnataka. India
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Elkhouli M, Raghuram K, Elhanafy T, Asztalos E, Banihani R, Shah PS, Mohamed A. Association of low hemoglobin at birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates ≤28 weeks' gestation: a retrospective cohort study. J Perinatol 2024; 44:880-885. [PMID: 38553601 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-024-01946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18-24 months corrected age (CA) for preterm infants who had hemoglobin levels <120 g/l versus those with hemoglobin level ≥120 g/l at birth. METHODS We included infants of ≤28 weeks gestational age (GA) born between January 2009 and June 2018. The primary outcome was neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18-24 months. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to determine the association. RESULTS Of the 2351 eligible neonates, 351 (14.9%) had hemoglobin levels <120 g/L at birth. Of the 2113 surviving infants, 1534 (72.5%) underwent developmental follow-up at 18-24 months CA. There was no statistically significant difference in ND outcomes between the two groups. The composite outcome of death or NDI was significantly higher in the low hemoglobin group. CONCLUSION In preterm infants ≤28 weeks GA, initial hemoglobin <120 g/L at birth was not associated with neurodevelopmental impairment at 18-24 months CA among survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elkhouli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Scarborough Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kamini Raghuram
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thanna Elhanafy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Asztalos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- DAN Women & Babies Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rudaina Banihani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- DAN Women & Babies Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adel Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Ramamurthy K, Priya PS, Murugan R, Arockiaraj J. Hues of risk: investigating genotoxicity and environmental impacts of azo textile dyes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:33190-33211. [PMID: 38676865 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The textile industry, with its extensive use of dyes and chemicals, stands out as a significant source of water pollution. Exposure to certain textile dyes, such as azo dyes and their breakdown products like aromatic amines, has been associated with health concerns like skin sensitization, allergic reactions, and even cancer in humans. Annually, the worldwide production of synthetic dyes approximates 7 × 107 tons, of which the textile industry accounts for over 10,000 tons. Inefficient dyeing procedures result in the discharge of 15-50% of azo dyes, which do not adequately bind to fibers, into wastewater. This review delves into the genotoxic impact of azo dyes, prevalent in the textile industry, on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Examining different families of textile dye which contain azo group in their structure such as Sudan I and Sudan III Sudan IV, Basic Red 51, Basic Violet 14, Disperse Yellow 7, Congo Red, Acid Red 26, and Acid Blue 113 reveals their carcinogenic potential, which may affect both industrial workers and aquatic life. Genotoxic and carcinogenic characteristics, chromosomal abnormalities, induced physiological and neurobehavioral changes, and disruptions to spermatogenesis are evident, underscoring the harmful effects of these dyes. The review calls for comprehensive investigations into the toxic profile of azo dyes, providing essential insights to safeguard the aquatic ecosystem and human well-being. The importance of effective effluent treatment systems is underscored to mitigate adverse impacts on agricultural lands, water resources, and the environment, particularly in regions heavily reliant on wastewater irrigation for food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Ramamurthy
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Peter Snega Priya
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Einspieler C, Bos AF, Spittle AJ, Bertoncelli N, Burger M, Peyton C, Toldo M, Utsch F, Zhang D, Marschik PB. The General Movement Optimality Score-Revised (GMOS-R) with Socioeconomically Stratified Percentile Ranks. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2260. [PMID: 38673533 PMCID: PMC11050782 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The general movement optimality score (GMOS) quantifies the details of general movements (GMs). We recently conducted psychometric analyses of the GMOS and developed a revised scoresheet. Consequently, the GMOS-Revised (GMOS-R) instrument necessitated validation using new percentile ranks. This study aimed to provide these percentile ranks for the GMOS-R and to investigate whether sex, preterm birth, or the infant's country of birth and residence affected the GMOS-R distribution. Methods: We applied the GMOS-R to an international sample of 1983 infants (32% female, 44% male, and 24% not disclosed), assessed in the extremely and very preterm period (10%), moderate (12%) and late (22%) preterm periods, at term (25%), and post-term age (31%). Data were grouped according to the World Bank's classification into lower- and upper-middle-income countries (LMICs and UMICs; 26%) or high-income countries (HICs; 74%), respectively. Results: We found that sex and preterm or term birth did not affect either GM classification or the GMOS-R, but the country of residence did. A lower median GMOS-R for infants with normal or poor-repertoire GMs from LMICs and UMICs compared with HICs suggests the use of specific percentile ranks for LMICs and UMICs vs. HICs. Conclusion: For clinical and scientific use, we provide a freely available GMOS-R scoring sheet, with percentile ranks reflecting socioeconomic stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Einspieler
- Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience—iDN, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Arend F. Bos
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alicia J. Spittle
- Department of Physiotherapy, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Natascia Bertoncelli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Marlette Burger
- Physiotherapy Division, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Colleen Peyton
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Moreno Toldo
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Kiran Society for Rehabilitation and Education of Children with Disabilities, Varanasi 221011, India;
| | - Fabiana Utsch
- Reabilitação Infantil, Rede SARAH de Hospitais de Reabilitação, Belo Horizonte 30510-000, Brazil;
| | - Dajie Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience—iDN, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter B. Marschik
- Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience—iDN, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Relationship of Early Anemia with Neurodevelopment and Brain Injury in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants-A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224931. [PMID: 36432616 PMCID: PMC9695480 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia is associated with neurodevelopmental delays and brain injury in infants and toddlers, but whether early anemia has a similar effect in neonatal preterm infants is largely unknown. Thus, this study aimed to determine the relationship of early anemia with neurodevelopment and brain injury in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants within the neonatal period. A prospective cohort study including 110 VLBW preterm infants was conducted in Southern China from 2016 to 2018. All participants were followed from birth to 1 month corrected age. Early anemia is defined as hemoglobin of ≤145 g/L within the first week after birth. The non-anemic group (control group, N = 55) was 1:1 matched with the early anemia group (N = 55) according to birth weight and gestational age. Neurodevelopment at 1 month corrected age and brain injury within 1 month corrected age were measured by neonatal behavioral neurological assessments (NBNA) and cranial ultrasound, respectively. Compared to the control group, the early anemia group had a lower score in behavioral ability in the NBNA test [11 (10-12) vs. 10 (9.5-11), p = 0.033]. Early anemia was negatively associated with the NBNA total score (β= -0.680, 95% CI: -1.300, -0.059), especially with the behavioral ability score (β= -0.504, 95% CI: -0.941, -0.067) after adjusting for the confounders. However, no association between early anemia and brain injury was observed. In conclusion, in VLBW preterm infants, early anemia is negatively correlated with neurodevelopment, especially with behavioral ability.
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