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Gil-Cosano JJ, Ubago-Guisado E, Migueles JH, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Torres-Lopez LV, Martin-Matillas M, Labayen I, Ortega FB, Gracia-Marco L. A 20-week exercise program improved total body and legs bone mineral density in children with overweight or obesity: The ActiveBrains randomized controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:3-9. [PMID: 37891146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 20-week exercise program on bone mineral parameters in children with overweight or obesity. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. METHODS This study took part from November 21, 2014, to June 30, 2016, in Granada, Spain. A secondary analysis of this parallel-group randomized controlled trial was performed with 77 children with overweight or obesity (9.9 ± 1.2, 65 % boys) who were randomly allocated to exercise or control group. All participants received lifestyle recommendations. The control group continued their usual routines, whereas the exercise group attended a minimum of 3 supervised 90-minute sessions/week of aerobic plus resistance training for 20 weeks. A whole-body scan by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was carried out to obtain body composition at total body less head, arms, lumbar spine, pelvis, and legs. RESULTS Participants in the exercise group acquired significantly higher total body aBMD (mean z-score [95 % confidence intervals, CI], 0.607 [0.522-0.692]) compared with the participants in the control group (mean z-score, 0.472 [0.388-0.556]); difference between groups, 0.135 standard deviations [95 % CI 0.015-0.255], and legs aBMD (mean z-score, 0.629 [0.550-0.708]); control group (mean z-score, 0.518 [0.440-0.596]); difference between groups, 0.111 [0.001-0.222]; all p < 0.05. There were no significant differences between exercise group and control group at the remaining evaluated regions (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A 20-week non-specifically bone-targeted exercise program induced a small, yet significant, improvement on total body and legs aBMD in children with overweight or obesity. Future studies should investigate the interaction of weight status in the bone response to exercise programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Prospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02295072.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J Gil-Cosano
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain.
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jairo H Migueles
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. https://twitter.com/Jairohm8
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. https://twitter.com/CCadenasSanchez
| | - Lucia V Torres-Lopez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. https://twitter.com/luuTL
| | - Miguel Martin-Matillas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain. https://twitter.com/Idoialabgo1
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain. https://twitter.com/graciamarcoluis
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Redinger AL, Allen SMF, Buchanan SR, Black CD, Baker BS. Non-traditional HIIT-style ROTC training elicits positive bone quality and performance adaptations. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1587-1595. [PMID: 38126323 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2283998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel experience elevated bone injury incidence, partly due to arduous and repetitive training. Non-traditional High-Intensity Interval Training-style (HIIT) may benefit pre-enlisted Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadet's musculoskeletal health and performance prior to military service. This study investigated 16 ROTC (n = 12 males; n = 4 females) and 15 physically active sex-, age-, and body mass-matched Controls' musculoskeletal health and performance from November to April. Total body, lumbar spine, and dual- hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and 4%, 38%, 66% tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans, blood draws (serum sclerostin and parathyroid hormone), and maximal muscle strength and aerobic capacity testing were completed. From November to April, ROTC improved bone density (DXA) of the dominant total hip and greater trochanter and non-dominant greater trochanter and 38% and 66% tibial total volumetric and cortical bone density (pQCT) similarly or more than Controls (all p ≤ 0.049). From November to April, ROTC also improved bench and leg press, and peak aerobic capacity (all p ≤ 0.013). From November to January, serum sclerostin increased (p ≤ 0.007) and remained elevated through April, while parathyroid hormone was unchanged. HIIT-style training induced positive musculoskeletal adaptations, suggesting it may be an excellent pre-service training modality for this injury prone group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen L Redinger
- Musculoskeletal Adaptations to Aging and eXercise (MAAX) Lab, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Shawn M F Allen
- Musculoskeletal Adaptations to Aging and eXercise (MAAX) Lab, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Samuel R Buchanan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Christopher D Black
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Breanne S Baker
- Musculoskeletal Adaptations to Aging and eXercise (MAAX) Lab, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Men J, Zou S, Ma J, Xiang C, Li S, Wang J. Effects of high-intensity interval training on physical morphology, cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0271845. [PMID: 37167291 PMCID: PMC10174557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of high-intensity interval training in children and adolescents. METHODS Eight databases were searched. Descriptive analysis of the efficacy and safety of high-intensity interval training on body shape, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic risk markers of cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents. Subgroup analysis was performed using age, participants, intervention time, and exercise frequency as covariates. RESULTS 47 studies included 2995 children and adolescents. The results of the meta-analysis showed that high-intensity interval training significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness indicators (VO2max, SBP, DBP and HRmax) and cardiovascular disease biomarkers (TC and HDL-C). HIIT had no significant effect on body shape indicators (BMI, BF% and WC) or cardiovascular disease biomarkers (TG and LDL-C). CONCLUSION Currently, there is insufficient evidence that HIIT with interval running as the predominant form improves physical indicators in children and adolescents. However, HIIT can be promoted in children and adolescents to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and reduce some metabolic risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Men
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fengyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuangling Zou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fengyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fengyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenmin Xiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fengyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fengyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
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