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Hood MN, Ayompe E, Holmes-Hampton GP, Korotcov A, Wuddie K, Aschenake Z, Ahmed AE, Creavalle M, Knollmann-Ritschel B. Preliminary Promising Findings for Manganese Chloride as a Novel Radiation Countermeasure Against Acute Radiation Syndrome. Mil Med 2024; 189:598-607. [PMID: 39160887 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Military members and first responders may, at moment's notice, be asked to assist in incidents that may result in radiation exposure such as Operation Tomadachi in which the U.S. Navy provided significant relief for the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Reactor accident in Japan after an earthquake and tsunami in 2011. We are also currently facing potential threats from nuclear power plants in the Ukraine should a power disruption to a nuclear plant interfere with cooling or other safety measures. Exposure to high doses of radiation results in acute radiation syndrome (ARS) characterized by symptoms arising from hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and neurovascular injuries. Although there are mitigators FDA approved to treat ARS, there are currently no FDA-approved prophylactic medical interventions to help protect persons who may need to respond to radiation emergencies. There is strong evidence that manganese (Mn) has radiation protective efficacy as a promising prophylactic countermeasure. MATERIALS AND METHODS All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Male and female B6D2F1J mice, 10 to 11 weeks old, were used for neurotoxicity studies and temporal effects of Mn. Four groups were evaluated: (1) vehicle injection, (2) dose of 4.5 mg/kg for 3 days, (3) dose of 13.5 mg/kg, and (4) sham. Irradiated mice were exposed to 9.5 Gy whole body Co60 γ-radiation. MRI was performed with a high dose of manganese chloride (MnCl2) (150 mg/kg) to assess the distribution of the MnCl2. RESULTS The mice have promising survival curves (highest survival-13.5 mg/kg dose over 3 days of MnCl2 at 80% [87% female, 73% male] P = 0.0004). The complete blood count (CBC) results demonstrated a typical hematopoietic response in all of the irradiated groups, followed by mildly accelerated recovery by day 28 in the treated groups. No difference between groups was measured by Rota Rod, DigiGait, and Y-maze. Histologic evaluation of the bone marrow sections in the group given 13.5 mg/kg dose over 3 days had the best return to cellularity at 80%. MRI showed a systemic distribution of MnCl2. DISCUSSION The preliminary data suggest that a dose of 13.5 mg/kg of MnCl2 given over 3 days prior to exposure of radiation may have a protective benefit while not exhibiting the neurobehavioral problems. A countermeasure that can prophylactically protect emergency personnel entering an area contaminated with high levels of radiation is needed, especially in light that nuclear accidents are a continued global threat. There is a need for a protective agent with easy long-term storage, easy to transport, easy to administer, and low cost. Histologic evaluation supports the promising effect of MnCl2 in protecting tissue, especially the bone marrow using the dose given over 3 days (4.5 mg/kg per day) of MnCl2. CONCLUSIONS Initial experiments show that MnCl2 is a promising safe and effective prophylactic countermeasure against ARS. MRI data support the systemic distribution of MnCl2 which is needed in order to protect multiple tissues in the body. The pathology data in bone marrow and the brain support faster recovery from radiation exposure in the treated animals and decreased organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen N Hood
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Emmanuel Ayompe
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gregory P Holmes-Hampton
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alexandru Korotcov
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kefale Wuddie
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Zemenu Aschenake
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Anwar E Ahmed
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Marqus Creavalle
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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2
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Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Garty G, Bansal S, Jayatilake MM, Tan Y, Ponnaiya B, Wu X, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ, Fornace AJ. Impact of Partial Body Shielding from Very High Dose Rates on Untargeted Metabolomics in Biodosimetry. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:35182-35196. [PMID: 39157112 PMCID: PMC11325421 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
A realistic exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) from an improvised nuclear device will likely include individuals who are partially shielded from the initial blast delivered at a very high dose rate (VHDR). As different tissues have varying levels of radiosensitivity, e.g., hematopoietic vs gastrointestinal tissues, the effects of shielding on radiation biomarkers need to be addressed. Here, we explore how biofluid (urine and serum) metabolite signatures from male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to VHDR (5-10 Gy/s) total body irradiation (TBI, 0, 4, and 8 Gy) compare to individuals exposed to partial body irradiation (PBI) (lower body irradiated [LBI] or upper body irradiated [UBI] at an 8 Gy dose) using a data-independent acquisition untargeted metabolomics approach. Although sex differences were observed in the spatial groupings of urine signatures from TBI and PBI mice, a metabolite signature (N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine, carnitine, propionylcarnitine, hexosamine-valine-isoleucine, taurine, and creatine) previously developed from variable dose rate experiments was able to identify individuals with high sensitivity and specificity, irrespective of radiation shielding. A panel of serum metabolites composed from previous untargeted studies on nonhuman primates had excellent performance for separating irradiated cohorts; however, a multiomic approach to complement the metabolome could increase dose estimation confidence intervals. Overall, these results support the inclusion of small-molecule markers in biodosimetry assays without substantial interference from the upper or lower body shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L. Pannkuk
- Department
of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Center
for Metabolomic Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department
of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Center
for Metabolomic Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United States
- Department
of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University
Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Guy Garty
- Radiological
Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia
University, Irvington, New York 10533, United States
- Center for
Radiological Research, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Sunil Bansal
- Department
of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Meth M. Jayatilake
- Department
of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Yuewen Tan
- Radiological
Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia
University, Irvington, New York 10533, United States
| | - Brian Ponnaiya
- Radiological
Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia
University, Irvington, New York 10533, United States
- Center for
Radiological Research, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Center for
Radiological Research, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for
Radiological Research, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for
Radiological Research, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department
of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Center
for Metabolomic Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United States
- Department
of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University
Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
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Xiao M, Hull L, Zizzo A, Lin B, Zhai M, Wang L, Cui W. Effects of radiation mitigating amino acid mixture on mice of different sexes. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1394023. [PMID: 38887249 PMCID: PMC11180883 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1394023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, few FDA-approved medical countermeasures are available for addressing hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). In this study, we present our latest research findings focusing on the evaluation of a novel radiation mitigator known as the mitigating amino acid mixture (MAAM). MAAM is composed of five amino acids as the recently reported amino acid-based oral rehydration solution for mitigating gastrointestinal (GI)-ARS. CD2F1 male and female mice were exposed to 60Co-γ total body irradiation (TBI) at 9.0 or 9.5 Gy. Following irradiation, mice were orally administered with MAAM or a saline vehicle control once daily for a duration of 14 days, commencing 24 h after TBI. Mouse survival and body weight change were monitored for 30 days after irradiation. Complete blood counts (CBCs), bone marrow (BM) stem and progenitor cell survival (clonogenicity), and a serum cytokine antibody array were analyzed using samples from day 30 surviving mice. Our data revealed that MAAM treatment significantly enhanced survival rates in irradiated male CD2F1 mice, and the survival rate increased from 25% in the vehicle control group to 60% in the MAAM-treated group (p < 0.05) after 9.0 Gy TBI. The number of BM colonies significantly increased from 41.8 ± 6.4 /104 cells (in the vehicle group) to 78.5 ± 17.0 /104 cells (in the MAAM group) following 9.0 Gy TBI. Furthermore, MAAM treatment led to a decrease in the levels of six cytokines/proteins [cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), interleukin (IL)-17A, C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10/CRG-2), cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (CTACK), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3β, and IL-1β] and an increase in the levels of five other cytokines/proteins [IL-3Rβ, IL-5, leptin, IL-6, and stem cell factor (SCF)] in mouse serum compared to the vehicle group after 9.0 Gy TBI. However, similar alleviating effects of MAAM were not observed in the irradiated CD2F1 female mice. The serum cytokine profile in the irradiated female mice was different compared to the irradiated male mice. In summary, our data suggest that the beneficial effects of the mitigative amino acid combination treatment after radiation exposure may depend on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Xiao
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa Hull
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alex Zizzo
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bin Lin
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Min Zhai
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wanchang Cui
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
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Holmes-Hampton GP, Soni DK, Kumar VP, Biswas S, Wuddie K, Biswas R, Ghosh SP. Time- and sex-dependent delayed effects of acute radiation exposure manifest via miRNA dysregulation. iScience 2024; 27:108867. [PMID: 38318389 PMCID: PMC10838729 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of high-dose ionizing radiation on human health are well-known, but the influence of sex differences on the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) remains unclear. Here, we conducted six-month animal experiments using escalating radiation doses (7-9 Gy) on male and female C57BL/6 mice. The results show that female mice exhibited greater resistance to radiation, showing increased survival at six months post-total body irradiation. LD50/30 (lethal dose expected to cause 50% lethality in 30 days) for female mice is 8.08 Gy, while for male mice it is 7.76 Gy. DEARE causes time- and sex-dependent dysregulation of microRNA expression, processing enzymes, and the HOTAIR regulatory pathway. Differential regulation of molecular patterns associated with growth, development, apoptosis, and cancer is also observed in male and female mice. These findings shed light on the molecular basis of age and sex differences in DEARE response and emphasize the importance of personalized medicine for mitigating radiation-induced injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P. Holmes-Hampton
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Soni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 21045, USA
| | - Vidya P. Kumar
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Shukla Biswas
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Kefale Wuddie
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 21045, USA
| | - Sanchita P. Ghosh
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
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5
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Kumar VP, Wuddie K, Tsioplaya A, Weaver A, Holmes-Hampton GP, Ghosh SP. Development of a Multi-Organ Radiation Injury Model with Precise Dosimetry with Focus on GI-ARS. Radiat Res 2024; 201:19-34. [PMID: 38014611 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00068.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish a model of partial-body irradiation (PBI) sparing 2.5% of the bone marrow (BM2.5-PBI) that accurately recapitulates radiological/nuclear exposure scenarios. Here we have reported a model which produces gastrointestinal (GI) damage utilizing a clinical linear accelerator (LINAC) with precise dosimetry, which can be used to develop medical countermeasures (MCM) for GI acute radiation syndrome (ARS) under the FDA animal rule. The PBI model (1 hind leg spared) was developed in male and female C57BL/6 mice that received radiation doses ranging from 12-17 Gy with no supportive care. GI pathophysiology was assessed by crypt cell loss and correlated with peak lethality between days 4 and 10 after PBI. The radiation dose resulting in 50% mortality in 30 days (LD50/30) was determined by probit analysis. Differential blood cell counts in peripheral blood, colony forming units (CFU) in bone marrow, and sternal megakaryocytes were analyzed between days 1-30, to assess the extent of hematopoietic ARS (H-ARS) injury. Radiation-induced GI damage was also assessed by measuring: 1. bacterial load (16S rRNA) by RT-PCR on days 4 and 7 after PBI in liver, spleen and jejunum, 2. liposaccharide binding protein (LBP) levels in liver, and 3. fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran, E-selectin, sP-selectin, VEGF, FGF-2, MMP-9, citrulline, and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels in serum. The LD50/30 of male mice was 14.3 Gy (95% confidence interval 14.1-14.7 Gy) and of female mice was 14.5 Gy (95% confidence interval 14.3-14.7 Gy). Secondary endpoints included loss of viable crypts, higher bacterial loads in spleen and liver, higher LBP in liver, increased FITC-dextran and SAA levels, and decreased levels of citrulline and endothelial biomarkers in serum. The BM2.5-PBI model, developed for the first time with precise dosimetry, showed acute radiation-induced GI damage that is correlated with lethality, as well as a response to various markers of inflammation and vascular damage. Sex-specific differences were observed with respect to radiation dose response. Currently, no MCM is available as a mitigator for GI-ARS. This BM2.5-PBI mouse model can be regarded as the first high-throughput PBI model with precise dosimetry for developing MCMs for GI-ARS under the FDA animal rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya P Kumar
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20889
| | - Kefale Wuddie
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20889
| | - Alena Tsioplaya
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20889
| | - Alia Weaver
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20889
| | - Gregory P Holmes-Hampton
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20889
| | - Sanchita P Ghosh
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20889
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