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Benito-Martín A, Jasiulionis MG, García-Silva S. Extracellular vesicles and melanoma: New perspectives on tumor microenvironment and metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1061982. [PMID: 36704194 PMCID: PMC9871288 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1061982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer particles without functional nucleus naturally released from cells which constitute an intercellular communication system. There is a broad spectrum of vesicles shed by cells based on their physical properties such as size (small EVs and large EVs), biogenesis, cargo and functions, which provide an increasingly heterogenous landscape. In addition, they are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. In cancer, EV release is opted by tumor cells as a beneficial process for tumor progression. Cutaneous melanoma is a cancer that originates from the melanocyte lineage and shows a favorable prognosis at early stages. However, when melanoma cells acquire invasive capacity, it constitutes the most aggressive and deadly skin cancer. In this context, extracellular vesicles have been shown their relevance in facilitating melanoma progression through the modulation of the microenvironment and metastatic spreading. In agreement with the melanosome secretory capacity of melanocytes, melanoma cells display an enhanced EV shedding activity that has contributed to the utility of melanoma models for unravelling EV cargo and functions within a cancer scenario. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of the characteristics of melanoma-derived EVs and their role in melanoma progression highlighting key advances and remaining open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Benito-Martín
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio (UAX), Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain,*Correspondence: Alberto Benito-Martín, ; Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis, ; Susana García-Silva,
| | - Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Alberto Benito-Martín, ; Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis, ; Susana García-Silva,
| | - Susana García-Silva
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Alberto Benito-Martín, ; Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis, ; Susana García-Silva,
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Rath B, Plangger A, Klameth L, Hochmair M, Ulsperger E, Boeckx B, Neumayer C, Hamilton G. Small cell lung cancer: circulating tumor cell lines and expression of mediators of angiogenesis and coagulation. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:355-365. [PMID: 37205313 PMCID: PMC10185438 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Coagulation is frequently activated in cancer patients and has been correlated with an unfavorable prognosis. To evaluate whether a putative release of tissue factor (TF) by circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represents a target to impair the dissemination of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the expression of relevant proteins in a panel of permanent SCLC and SCLC CTC cell lines that have been established at the Medical University of Vienna. Methods Five CTC and SCLC lines were analyzed using a TF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests, RNA sequencing, and western blot arrays covering 55 angiogenic mediators. Furthermore, the influence of topotecan and epirubicin as well as hypoxia-like conditions on the expression of these mediators was investigated. Results The results demonstrate that the SCLC CTC cell lines express no significant amounts of active TF but thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 in two cases. The major difference between the SCLC and SCLC CTC cell lines found was the loss of the expression of angiogenin in the blood-derived CTC lines. Topotecan and epirubicin decreased the expression of VEGF, whereas hypoxia-like conditions upregulated VEGF. Conclusions Active TF capable of triggering coagulation seems not to be expressed in SCLC CTC cell lines in significant levels and, thus, CTC-derived TF seems dispensable for dissemination. Nevertheless, all CTC lines form large spheroids, termed tumorospheres, which may become trapped in clots of the microvasculature and extravasate in this supportive microenvironment. The contribution of clotting to the protection and dissemination of CTCs in SCLC may be different from other solid tumors such as breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rath
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelina Plangger
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Klameth
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Hochmair
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Hospital Floridsdorf, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bram Boeckx
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, 3580 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hamilton
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: Gerhard Hamilton, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Street 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Al-Koussa H, AlZaim I, El-Sabban ME. Pathophysiology of Coagulation and Emerging Roles for Extracellular Vesicles in Coagulation Cascades and Disorders. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164932. [PMID: 36013171 PMCID: PMC9410115 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of blood coagulation dates back to the ancient Greek civilization. However, the emergence of innovative scientific discoveries that started in the seventeenth century formulated the fundamentals of blood coagulation. Our understanding of key coagulation processes continues to evolve, as novel homeostatic and pathophysiological aspects of hemostasis are revealed. Hemostasis is a dynamic physiological process, which stops bleeding at the site of injury while maintaining normal blood flow within the body. Intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways culminate in the homeostatic cessation of blood loss, through the sequential activation of the coagulation factors. Recently, the cell-based theory, which combines these two pathways, along with newly discovered mechanisms, emerged to holistically describe intricate in vivo coagulation mechanisms. The complexity of these mechanisms becomes evident in coagulation diseases such as hemophilia, Von Willebrand disease, thrombophilia, and vitamin K deficiency, in which excessive bleeding, thrombosis, or unnecessary clotting, drive the development and progression of diseases. Accumulating evidence implicates cell-derived and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which comprise microvesicles (MVs), exosomes, and apoptotic bodies, in the modulation of the coagulation cascade in hemostasis and thrombosis. As these EVs are associated with intercellular communication, molecular recycling, and metastatic niche creation, emerging evidence explores EVs as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in thrombotic and prothrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Al-Koussa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Marwan E. El-Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +961-01-350-000 (ext. 4765)
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4
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Zhan D, McConachie E, Edwards SW, Wright HL, Moots RJ, Honsawek S. Isolation of Microvesicles from Human Circulating Neutrophils. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3119. [PMID: 34722816 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-derived microvesicles (NDMVs) are liberated by neutrophils upon cell activation by molecules. Once activated, neutrophils are primarily involved in acute inflammation; however, the microvesicles they produce are largely anti-inflammatory. NDMVs have been shown to protect cartilage during inflammatory arthritis. They exert these effects by inhibiting or affecting the function of target cells, including macrophages. NDMVs have the potential to act as disease-modifying agents, especially for inflammatory diseases. This protocol describes a method using differential centrifugation to separate neutrophils from whole human blood. Subsequently, neutrophils are identified by cytospin and Wright's staining, and then the NDMVs are isolated using differential centrifugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ellie McConachie
- School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Wright
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Moots
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University Hospital Aintree, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Department of Biochemistry, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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Catoni C, Di Paolo V, Rossi E, Quintieri L, Zamarchi R. Cell-Secreted Vesicles: Novel Opportunities in Cancer Diagnosis, Monitoring and Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1118. [PMID: 34205256 PMCID: PMC8233857 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication playing a pivotal role in the regulation of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. In particular, there is significant evidence suggesting that tumor-derived EVs exert an immunosuppressive activity during cancer progression, as well as stimulate tumor cell migration, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The use of EVs as a liquid biopsy is currently a fast-growing area of research in medicine, with the potential to provide a step-change in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, allowing the prediction of both therapy response and prognosis. EVs could be useful not only as biomarkers but also as drug delivery systems, and may represent a target for anticancer therapy. In this review, we attempted to summarize the current knowledge about the techniques used for the isolation of EVs and their roles in cancer biology, as liquid biopsy biomarkers and as therapeutic tools and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Catoni
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (R.Z.)
| | - Veronica Di Paolo
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Quintieri
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy;
| | - Rita Zamarchi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (R.Z.)
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Large extracellular vesicles in the left atrial appendage in patients with atrial fibrillation-the missing link? Clin Res Cardiol 2021; 111:34-49. [PMID: 34061226 PMCID: PMC8766378 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-021-01873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmic disease in humans, which leads to thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage and stroke through peripheral embolization. Depending on their origin, large extracellular vesicles (lEVs) can exert pro-coagulant functions. In the present study, we investigated how different types of AF influence the levels of large EV subtypes in three distinct atrial localizations. Blood samples were collected from the right and left atrium and the left atrial appendage of 58 patients. 49% of the patients had permanent AF, 34% had non-permanent AF, and 17% had no history of AF. Flow cytometric analysis of the origin of the lEVs showed that the proportion of platelet-derived lEVs in the left atrial appendage was significantly higher in permanent AF patients compared to non-permanent AF. When we grouped patients according to their current heart rhythm, we also detected significantly higher levels of platelet-derived lEVs in the left atrial appendage (LAA) in patients with atrial fibrillation. In vitro studies revealed, that platelet activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to higher levels of miR-222-3p and miR-223-3p in platelet-derived lEVs. Treatment with lEVs from LPS- or thrombin-activated platelets reduces the migration of endothelial cells in vitro. These results suggest that permanent atrial fibrillation is associated with increased levels of platelet-derived lEVs in the LAA, which are potentially involved in LAA thrombus formation.
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Guimarães-Bastos D, Frony AC, Barja-Fidalgo C, Moraes JA. Melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles skew neutrophils into a pro-tumor phenotype. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:585-596. [PMID: 34043843 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0120-050rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that tumor cells abundantly produce and release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can interact with stromal cells and modulate their functions. In the tumor neighborhood, neutrophils can assume both antitumor and pro-tumor phenotypes, known as TAN-N1 and TAN-N2, respectively. Nevertheless, the contribution of tumor-derived EVs to the modulation of TAN phenotypes is still poorly understood. The effects of EVs produced by a metastatic human melanoma cell line (MV3) on the differentiation and functional changes in human neutrophils were investigated. Treatment with MV3-derived EVs induced neutrophil chemotaxis through a signaling pathway involving the CXCR2/PI3K-Akt axis, prolonged neutrophil life span, promoted formation of neutrophil extracellular traps with poor elastase activity, and increased reactive oxygen species production. In contrast, EVs also increased the expression of TAN-N2 molecular markers (such as ARG1, CXCR4, and VEGF) in neutrophils. They also impaired oxide nitric and peroxynitrite production and diminished cytotoxic activity against melanoma cells, inducing neutrophils into a pro-tumor profile. Remarkably, EV-stimulated neutrophils did not exhibit phagocytic activity. These data suggested that melanoma-derived EVs could activate neutrophils, allowing their migration toward the tumor microenvironment, and driving these cells to a pro-tumor/N2 polarization, thus contributing to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Guimarães-Bastos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, IBRAG, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of RedOx Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Frony
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, IBRAG, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, IBRAG, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Alfredo Moraes
- Laboratory of RedOx Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zhang C, Yang Z, Zhou P, Yu M, Li B, Liu Y, Jin J, Liu W, Jing H, Du J, Tian J, Zhao Z, wang J, Chu Y, Zhang C, Novakovic VA, Shi J, Wu C. Phosphatidylserine-exposing tumor-derived microparticles exacerbate coagulation and cancer cell transendothelial migration in triple-negative breast cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:6445-6460. [PMID: 33995667 PMCID: PMC8120203 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is relevant to the formation of thromboembolism and secondary neoplasms in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Chemotherapy-induced breast cancer cell-derived microparticles (BCMPs) may have important thrombogenic and pro-metastatic effects on platelets and endothelium, which may be related to the expression and distribution of phosphatidylserine (PS). However, investigating these interactions is challenging due to technical limitations. Methods: A study was conducted in 20 healthy individuals and 18 patients who had been recently diagnosed with TNBC and were undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. BCMPs were isolated from patient blood samples and doxorubicin-treated breast cancer cell lines. Their structure and morphology were studied by electron microscopy and antigen levels were measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. In an inhibition assay, isolated BCMPs were pretreated with lactadherin or tissue factor antibodies. Platelets isolated from healthy subjects were treated with BCMPs and coagulation time, fibrin formation, and expression of intrinsic/extrinsic factor Xase (FXa) and thrombin were evaluated. The effects of BCMPs on endothelial thrombogenicity and integrity were assessed by confocal microscopy, electron microscopy, measurement of intrinsic/extrinsic FXa, prothrombinase assay, and transwell permeability assay. Results: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly increased the expression of PS+ BCMPs in patient plasma. Its expression was associated with a rapid increase in procoagulant activity. Treatment with lactadherin, a PS-binding scavenging molecule, markedly reduced the adhesion of BCMPs and abolished their procoagulant activity, but this was not observed with tissue factor antibody treatment. Intravenous injection of BCMPs in mice induced a significant hypercoagulable state, reducing the extent of plasma fibrinogen and promoting the appearance of new thrombus. Cancer cells incubated with doxorubicin released large numbers of PS+ BCMPs, which stimulated and transformed endothelial cells into a procoagulant phenotype and increased the aggregation and activation of platelets. Moreover, cancer cells exploited this BCMP-induced endothelial leakiness and showed promoted metastasis. Pretreatment with lactadherin increased uptake of both PS+ BCMPs and cancer cells by endothelial cells and limited the transendothelial migration of cancer cells. Conclusion: Lactadherin, a biosensor that we developed, was used to study the extracellular vesicle distribution of PS, which revealed a novel PS+ BCMPs administrative axis that initiated a local coagulation cascade and facilitated metastatic colonization of circulating cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuowen Yang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Muxin Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baorong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haijiao Jing
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingwen Du
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianxin wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinzhu Chu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - ChunMei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Changjun Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Clancy JW, Schmidtmann M, D'Souza-Schorey C. The ins and outs of microvesicles. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:399-406. [PMID: 34124595 PMCID: PMC8171306 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles are a heterogeneous group of membrane-enclosed vesicles that are released from cells into the extracellular space by the outward budding and pinching of the plasma membrane. These vesicles are loaded with multiple selectively sorted proteins and nucleic acids. Although interest in the clinical potential of microvesicles is increasing, there is only limited understanding of different types of microvesicles and the mechanisms involved in their formation. Here, we describe what is presently known about this expanding and complex field of research focusing on the mechanism of biogenesis, cargo loading, and release of microvesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Clancy
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA
| | - Madison Schmidtmann
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA
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10
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Barboza T, Gomes T, da Costa Medeiros P, Ramos IP, Francischetti I, Monteiro RQ, Gutfilen B, de Souza SAL. Development of 131I-ixolaris as a theranostic agent: metastatic melanoma preclinical studies. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:489-497. [PMID: 32394234 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-020-10036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF), a blood coagulation protein, plays an important role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Ixolaris, a tick-derived non-immunogenic molecule that binds to TF, has demonstrated in vivo inhibitory effect on murine models of melanoma, including primary growth and metastasis. This work aimed to: I) develop an efficient and stable labeling technique of ixolaris with Iodine-131(131I); II) compare the biodistribution of 131I and 131I-ixolaris in tumor-free and melanoma-bearing mice; III) evaluate whether 131I-ixolaris could serve as an antimetastatic agent. Ixolaris radioiodination was performed using iodogen, followed by liquid paper chromatography. Labeling stability and anticoagulant activity were measured. Imaging studies were performed after intravenous administration of free 131I or 131I-ixolaris in a murine melanoma model employing the B16-F10 cell line. Animals were divided in three experimental groups: the first experimental group, D0, received a single-dose of 9.25 MBq of 131I-ixolaris at the same day the animals were inoculated with melanoma cells. In the second group, D15, a single-dose of 9.25 MBq of 131I-ixolaris or free 131I was applied into mice on the fifteenth day after the tumor induction. The third group, D1-D15, received two therapeutic doses of 9.25 MBq of 131I-ixolaris or 131I. In vitro studies demonstrated that 131I-ixolaris is stable for up to 24 h and retains its inhibitory activity on blood coagulation. Biodistribution analysis and metastasis assays showed that all treatment regimens with 131I-ixolaris were effective, being the double-treatment (D1/D15) the most effective one. Remarkably, treatment with free 131I showed no anti-metastatic effect. 131I-ixolaris is a promising theranostic agent for metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Barboza
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Marcação de Células E Moléculas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Tainá Gomes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Priscylla da Costa Medeiros
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Marcação de Células E Moléculas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Isalira Peroba Ramos
- Centro Nacional de Bioimagem E Biologia Estrutural, Bloco M, Unidade 2, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ivo Francischetti
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Robson Q Monteiro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Bianca Gutfilen
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Marcação de Células E Moléculas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Sergio Augusto Lopes de Souza
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Marcação de Células E Moléculas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. .,Centro Nacional de Bioimagem E Biologia Estrutural, Bloco M, Unidade 2, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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11
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Surman M, Kędracka-Krok S, Hoja-Łukowicz D, Jankowska U, Drożdż A, Stępień EŁ, Przybyło M. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Characterization of Cutaneous Melanoma Ectosomes Reveals the Presence of Cancer-Related Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2934. [PMID: 32331267 PMCID: PMC7215915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is an aggressive type of skin cancer for which effective biomarkers are still needed. Recently, the protein content of extracellular vesicles (ectosomes and exosomes) became increasingly investigated in terms of its functional role in CM and as a source of novel biomarkers; however, the data concerning the proteome of CM-derived ectosomes is very limited. We used the shotgun nanoLC-MS/MS approach to the profile protein content of ectosomes from primary (WM115, WM793) and metastatic (WM266-4, WM1205Lu) CM cell lines. Additionally, the effect exerted by CM ectosomes on recipient cells was assessed in terms of cell proliferation (Alamar Blue assay) and migratory properties (wound healing assay). All cell lines secreted heterogeneous populations of ectosomes enriched in the common set of proteins. A total of 1507 unique proteins were identified, with many of them involved in cancer cell proliferation, migration, escape from apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. Isolated ectosomes increased proliferation and motility of recipient cells, likely due to the ectosomal transfer of different cancer-promoting molecules. Taken together, these results confirm the significant role of ectosomes in several biological processes leading to CM development and progression, and might be used as a starting point for further studies exploring their diagnostic and prognostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (D.H.-Ł.)
| | - Sylwia Kędracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Dorota Hoja-Łukowicz
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (D.H.-Ł.)
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Drożdż
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (A.D.); (E.Ł.S.)
| | - Ewa Ł. Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (A.D.); (E.Ł.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (D.H.-Ł.)
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12
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Hood JL. Natural melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:251-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Novel Aspects of Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070716. [PMID: 31337034 PMCID: PMC6679024 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of prothrombotic states during cancer progression is well reported but the precise mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. A number of studies have implicated the presence of the clotting initiator protein, tissue factor (TF), in circulating tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) with thrombotic manifestations in certain cancer types. Tumor cells, as well as tumor-derived EVs, may activate and promote platelet aggregation by TF-dependent and independent pathways. Cancer cells and their secreted EVs may also facilitate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which may contribute to thrombus development. Alternatively, the presence of polyphosphate (polyP) in tumor-derived EVs may promote thrombosis through a TF-independent route. We conclude that the contribution of EVs to cancer coagulopathy is quite complex, in which one or more mechanisms may take place in a certain cancer type. In this context, strategies that could attenuate the crosstalk between the proposed pro-hemostatic routes could potentially reduce cancer-associated thrombosis.
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14
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Surman M, Stępień E, Przybyło M. Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Focus on Their Proteome. Proteomes 2019; 7:proteomes7020021. [PMID: 31086060 PMCID: PMC6630787 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, and its incidence is increasing rapidly each year. Despite the extensive research into improved diagnostic and treatment methods, early detection and disease constraint still present significant challenges. As successful isolation protocols have been developed, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become the subject of extensive investigation in terms of their role in cancer progression and as a possible source of disease biomarkers. Besides functional studies, quantitative and qualitative proteomics have recently emerged as promising tools for the advancement of melanoma biomarkers. Nevertheless, the amount of data concerning the proteome of melanoma-derived EVs is still very limited. In this review we cover the current knowledge on protein content of melanoma-derived EVs, with a focus on their potential role in the development and progression of melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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15
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Navarro-Tableros V, Gomez Y, Camussi G, Brizzi MF. Extracellular Vesicles: New Players in Lymphomas. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E41. [PMID: 30583481 PMCID: PMC6337615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are heterogeneous diseases, and the term includes a number of histological subtypes that are characterized by different clinical behavior and molecular phenotypes. Valuable information on the presence of lymphoma cell-derived extracellular vesicles (LCEVs) in the bloodstream of patients suffering from this hematological cancer has recently been provided. In particular, it has been reported that the number and phenotype of LCEVs can both change as the disease progresses, as well as after treatment. Moreover, the role that LCEVs play in driving tumor immune escape has been reported. This makes LCEVs potential novel clinical tools for diagnosis, disease progression, and chemoresistance. LCEVs express surface markers and convey specific molecules in accordance with their cell of origin, which can be used as targets and thus lead to the development of specific therapeutics. This may be particularly relevant since circulating LCEVs are known to save lymphoma cells from anti-cluster of differentiation (CD)20-induced complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Therefore, effort should be directed toward investigating the feasibility of using LCEVs as predictive biomarkers of disease progression and/or response to treatment that can be translated to clinical use. The use of liquid biopsies in combination with serum EV quantification and cargo analysis have been also considered as potential approaches that can be pursued in the future. Upcoming research will also focus on the identification of specific molecular targets in order to generate vaccines and/or antibodies against LCEVs. Finally, the removal of circulating LCEVs has been proposed as a simple and non-invasive treatment approach. We herein provide an overview of the role of LCEVs in lymphoma diagnosis, immune tolerance, and drug resistance. In addition, alternative protocols that utilize LCEVs as therapeutic targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Navarro-Tableros
- 2i3T Società per la gestione dell'incubatore di imprese e per il trasferimento tecnologico Scarl, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy.
| | - Yonathan Gomez
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy.
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16
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Hugo de Almeida V, Guimarães IDS, Almendra LR, Rondon AMR, Tilli TM, de Melo AC, Sternberg C, Monteiro RQ. Positive crosstalk between EGFR and the TF-PAR2 pathway mediates resistance to cisplatin and poor survival in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30594-30609. [PMID: 30093972 PMCID: PMC6078136 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemoradiation is the standard treatment for cervical cancer, but chemosensitizing strategies are needed to improve patient survival. EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) is an oncogene overexpressed in cervical cancer that is involved in chemoresistance. Recent studies showed that EGFR upregulates multiple elements of the coagulation cascade, including tissue factor (TF) and the protease-activated receptors (PAR) 1 and 2. Moreover, many G protein-coupled receptors, including PARs, have been implicated in EGFR transactivation. However, the role of coagulation proteins in the progression of cervical cancer has been poorly investigated. Herein we employed cervical cancer cell lines and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to evaluate the role of EGFR, TF and PAR2 in chemoresistance. The SLIGKL-NH2 peptide (PAR2-AP) and coagulation factor VIIa (FVIIa) were used as PAR2 agonists, while cetuximab was used to inhibit EGFR. The more aggressive cell line CASKI showed higher expression levels of EGFR, TF and PAR2 than that of C33A. PAR2 transactivated EGFR, which further upregulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression. PAR2-AP decreased cisplatin-induced apoptosis through an EGFR- and COX2-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, treatment of CASKI cells with EGF upregulated TF expression, while treatment with cetuximab decreased the TF protein levels. The RNA-seq data from 309 TCGA samples showed a strong positive correlation between EGFR and TF expression (P = 0.0003). In addition, the increased expression of EGFR, PAR2 or COX2 in cervical cancer patients was significantly correlated with poor overall survival. Taken together, our results suggest that EGFR and COX2 are effectors of the TF/FVIIa/PAR2 signaling pathway, promoting chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Hugo de Almeida
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Divisão de Pesquisa Clínica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas R Almendra
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Araci M R Rondon
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana M Tilli
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andréia C de Melo
- Divisão de Pesquisa Clínica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cinthya Sternberg
- Divisão de Pesquisa Clínica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Present address: Sociedade Brasileira de Oncologia Clínica (SBOC), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Robson Q Monteiro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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17
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Kumar S, Calianese D, Birge RB. Efferocytosis of dying cells differentially modulate immunological outcomes in tumor microenvironment. Immunol Rev 2018; 280:149-164. [PMID: 29027226 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is an integral part of tissue homeostasis in complex organisms, allowing for tissue turnover, repair, and renewal while simultaneously inhibiting the release of self antigens and danger signals from apoptotic cell-derived constituents that can result in immune activation, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Unlike cells in culture, the physiological fate of cells that die by apoptosis in vivo is their rapid recognition and engulfment by phagocytic cells (a process called efferocytosis). To this end, apoptotic cells express specific eat-me signals, such as externalized phosphatidylserine (PS), that are recognized in a specific context by receptors to initiate signaling pathways for engulfment. The importance of carefully regulated recognition and clearance pathways is evident in the spectrum of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders caused by defects in PS receptors and signaling molecules. However, in recent years, several additional cell death pathways have emerged, including immunogenic cell death, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and netosis that interweave different cell death pathways with distinct innate and adaptive responses from classical apoptosis that can shape long-term host immunity. In this review, we discuss the role of different cell death pathways in terms of their immune potential outcomes specifically resulting in specific cell corpse/phagocyte interactions (phagocytic synapses) that impinge on host immunity, with a main emphasis on tolerance and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- New Jersey Medical School, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - David Calianese
- New Jersey Medical School, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Raymond B Birge
- New Jersey Medical School, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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18
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Rondon AMR, de Almeida VH, Gomes T, Verçoza BRF, Carvalho RS, König S, Rodrigues JCF, Mermelstein CDS, Versteeg HH, Monteiro RQ. Tissue factor mediates microvesicles shedding from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:137-144. [PMID: 29787758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, such as microvesicles (MVs), were identified as important players in tumor progression and acquisition of an aggressive phenotype. Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane protein that initiates the blood coagulation cascade. In tumor cells, TF has been associated with aggressiveness and cancer progression. Previous studies demonstrate that TF is incorporated into MVs secreted by tumor cells; however, it is unknown whether TF is actively involved in the release of MVs. Here, we investigated the influence of TF expression on the release of MVs. TF silencing was achieved through CRISPR/Cas9 approaches in the human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. TF knockout in MDA-MB-231 cells efficiently reduced TF-dependent signaling and procoagulant activity. Remarkably, silencing of TF caused a significant decrease in the number of MVs released by MDA-MB-231 cells. We also observed an increase in actin-positive membrane projections in TF knockout cells and a reduction in RhoA expression when compared to TF-expressing cells. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with the RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway inhibitor, fasudil, significantly reduced the release of MVs. Taken together, our results suggest a novel and relevant role for TF in tumor biology by playing an active role in the MVs secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araci M R Rondon
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil; Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Vitor H de Almeida
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Tainá Gomes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Brunno R F Verçoza
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-BIO), Polo Avançado de Xerém, UFRJ, Duque de Caxias, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato S Carvalho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, UFRJ, Brazil
| | | | - Juliany C F Rodrigues
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-BIO), Polo Avançado de Xerém, UFRJ, Duque de Caxias, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Henri H Versteeg
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Robson Q Monteiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
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19
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Breast-cancer extracellular vesicles induce platelet activation and aggregation by tissue factor-independent and -dependent mechanisms. Thromb Res 2017; 159:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Tumor-Derived Exosomes Induce the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Implications For The Establishment of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6438. [PMID: 28743887 PMCID: PMC5526939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients are at an increased risk of developing thromboembolic complications. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain cancer-associated thrombosis including the release of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles and the activation of host vascular cells. It was proposed that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to the prothrombotic phenotype in cancer. In this study, we evaluated the possible cooperation between tumor-derived exosomes and NETs in cancer-associated thrombosis. Female BALB/c mice were orthotopically injected with 4T1 breast cancer cells. The tumor-bearing animals exhibited increased levels of plasma DNA and myeloperoxidase in addition to significantly increased numbers of circulating neutrophils. Mice were subjected to either Rose Bengal/laser-induced venous thrombosis or ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis models. The tumor-bearing mice exhibited accelerated thrombus formation in both models compared to tumor-free animals. Treatment with recombinant human DNase 1 reversed the prothrombotic phenotype of tumor-bearing mice in both models. Remarkably, 4T1-derived exosomes induced NET formation in neutrophils from mice treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). In addition, tumor-derived exosomes interacted with NETs under static conditions. Accordingly, the intravenous administration of 4T1-derived exosomes into G-CSF-treated mice significantly accelerated venous thrombosis in vivo. Taken together, our observations suggest that tumor-derived exosomes and neutrophils may act cooperatively in the establishment of cancer-associated thrombosis.
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21
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Procoagulant activity of extracellular vesicles as a potential biomarker for risk of thrombosis and DIC in patients with acute leukaemia. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2017; 43:224-232. [PMID: 28074413 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-016-1471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Haemostatic complication is common for patients with hematologic malignancies. Recent studies suggest that the procoagulant activity (PCA) of extracellular vesicles (EV) may play a major role in venous thromboembolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in acute leukaemia. To study the impact of EVs from leukaemic patients on thrombin generation and to assess EV-PCA as a potential biomarker for thrombotic complications in patients with acute leukaemia. Blood samples from a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed acute leukaemia were obtained before treatment (D-0), 3 and 7 days after treatment (D-3 and D-7). Extracellular vesicles were isolated and concentrated by ultracentrifugation. EV-PCA was assessed by thrombin generation assay, and EV-associated tissue factor activity was measured using a commercial bio-immunoassay (Zymuphen MP-TF®). Of the 53 patients, 6 had increased EV-PCA at D-0 and 4 had a thrombotic event. Patients without thrombotic events (n = 47) had no elevated EV-PCA. One patient had increased EVs with procoagulant activity at D-3 and developed a DIC at D-5. This patient had no increased EVs-related tissue factor activity from D-0 to D-7 (<2 pg/ml). Eight patients had increased EVs with tissue factor activity (>2 pg/ml), of these, four had a thrombosis and two had haemorrhages. Procoagulant activity of extracellular vesicles could have a predictive value in excluding the risk of thrombotic events. Our findings also suggest a possible association between thrombotic events and EV-PCA.
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22
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PS1/ γ-Secretase-Mediated Cadherin Cleavage Induces β-Catenin Nuclear Translocation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3865315. [PMID: 28053606 PMCID: PMC5178376 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3865315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are considered a promising tool for bone bioengineering. However, the mechanisms controlling osteoblastic commitment are still unclear. Osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs requires the activation of β-catenin signaling, classically known to be regulated by the canonical Wnt pathway. However, BMSCs treatment with canonical Wnts in vitro does not always result in osteogenic differentiation and evidence indicates that a more complex signaling pathway, involving cadherins, would be required to induce β-catenin signaling in these cells. Here we showed that Wnt3a alone did not induce TCF activation in BMSCs, maintaining the cells at a proliferative state. On the other hand, we verified that, upon BMSCs osteoinduction with dexamethasone, cadherins were cleaved by the PS1/γ-secretase complex at the plasma membrane, and this event was associated with an enhanced β-catenin translocation to the nucleus and signaling. When PS1/γ-secretase activity was inhibited, the osteogenic process was impaired. Altogether, we provide evidence that PS1/γ-secretase-mediated cadherin cleavage has as an important role in controlling β-catenin signaling during the onset of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, as part of a complex signaling pathway responsible for cell fate decision. A comprehensive map of these pathways might contribute to the development of strategies to improve bone repair.
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23
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Mechanistic insight into the procoagulant activity of tumor-derived apoptotic vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:286-295. [PMID: 27864149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy induces the release of apoptotic vesicles (ApoV) from the tumor plasma membrane. Tumor ApoV may enhance the risk of thrombotic events in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. However, the relative contribution of ApoV to coagulation and the pathways involved remain poorly characterized. In addition, this study sets out to compare the procoagulant activity of chemotherapy-induced ApoV with their cell of origin and to determine the mechanisms of ApoV-induced coagulation. METHODS We utilized human and murine cancer cell lines and chemotherapeutic agents to determine the requirement for the coagulation factors (tissue factor; TF, FII, FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX and phosphatidylserine) in the procoagulant activity of ApoV. The role of previously identified ApoV-associated FV was determined in a FV functional assay. RESULTS ApoV were significantly more procoagulant per microgram of protein compared to parental living or dying tumor cells. In the phase to peak fibrin generation, procoagulant activity was dependent on phosphatidylserine, TF expression, FVII and the prothrombinase complex. However, the intrinsic coagulation factors FIX and FVIII were dispensable. ApoV-associated FV could not support coagulation in the absence of supplied, exogenous FV. CONCLUSIONS ApoV are significantly more procoagulant than their parental tumor cells. ApoV require the extrinsic tenase and prothrombinase complex to activate the early phase of coagulation. Endogenous FV identified on tumor ApoV is serum-derived and functional, but is non-essential for ApoV-mediated fibrin generation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study clarifies the mechanisms of procoagulant activity of vesicles released from dying tumor cells.
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24
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Bang OY, Chung JW, Lee MJ, Kim SJ, Cho YH, Kim GM, Chung CS, Lee KH, Ahn MJ, Moon GJ. Cancer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Are Associated with Coagulopathy Causing Ischemic Stroke via Tissue Factor-Independent Way: The OASIS-CANCER Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159170. [PMID: 27427978 PMCID: PMC4948859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer and stroke, which are known to be associated with one another, are the most common causes of death in the elderly. However, the pathomechanisms that lead to stroke in cancer patients are not well known. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in cancer-associated thrombosis and tumor progression. Therefore, we hypothesized that cancer cell-derived EVs cause cancer-related coagulopathy resulting in ischemic stroke. Methods Serum levels of D-dimer and EVs expressing markers for cancer cells (epithelial cell adhesion molecule [CD326]), tissue factor (TF [CD142]), endothelial cells (CD31+CD42b-), and platelets (CD62P) were measured using flow cytometry in (a) 155 patients with ischemic stroke and active cancer (116 − cancer-related, 39 − conventional stroke mechanisms), (b) 25 patients with ischemic stroke without cancer, (c) 32 cancer patients without stroke, and (d) 101 healthy subjects. Results The levels of cancer cell-derived EVs correlated with the levels of D-dimer and TF+ EVs. The levels of cancer cell-derived EVs (CD326+ and CD326+CD142+) were higher in cancer-related stroke than in other groups (P<0.05 in all the cases). Path analysis showed that cancer cell-derived EVs are related to stroke via coagulopathy as measured by D-dimer levels. Poor correlation was observed between TF+ EV and D-dimer, and path analysis demonstrated that cancer cell-derived EVs may cause cancer-related coagulopathy independent of the levels of TF+ EVs. Conclusions Our findings suggest that cancer cell-derived EVs mediate coagulopathy resulting in ischemic stroke via TF-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Young Bang
- Departments of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Jong-Won Chung
- Departments of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ji Lee
- Departments of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jae Kim
- Departments of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Cho
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Moon Kim
- Departments of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chin-Sang Chung
- Departments of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Lee
- Departments of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Departments of Hemato-oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Joon Moon
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Monteiro RQ, Lima LG, Gonçalves NP, DE Souza MRA, Leal AC, Demasi MAA, Sogayar MC, Carneiro-Lobo TC. Hypoxia regulates the expression of tissue factor pathway signaling elements in a rat glioma model. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:315-322. [PMID: 27347144 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and necrosis are fundamental features of glioma, and their emergence is critical for the rapid biological progression of this fatal tumor. The presence of vaso-occlusive thrombus is higher in grade IV tumors [glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)] compared with lower grade tumors, suggesting that the procoagulant properties of the tumor contribute to its aggressive behavior, as well as the establishment of tumor hypoxia and necrosis. Tissue factor (TF), the primary cellular initiator of coagulation, is overexpressed in GBMs and likely favors a thrombotic microenvironment. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss and hypoxia are two common alterations observed in glioma that may be responsible for TF upregulation. In the present study, ST1 and P7 rat glioma lines, with different levels of aggressiveness, were comparatively analyzed with the aim of identifying differences in procoagulant mechanisms. The results indicated that P7 cells display potent procoagulant activity compared with ST1 cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed less pronounced levels of TF in ST1 cells compared with P7 cells. Notably, P7 cells supported factor X (FX) activation via factor VIIa, whereas no significant FXa generation was observed in ST1 cells. Furthermore, the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of P7 and ST1 cells was investigated. The results supported the assembly of prothrombinase complexes, accounting for the production of thrombin. Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that CoCl2 (known to induce a hypoxic-like stress) led to an upregulation of TF levels in P7 and ST1 cells. Therefore, increased TF expression in P7 cells was accompanied by increased TF procoagulant activity. In addition, hypoxia increased the shedding of procoagulant TF-bearing microvesicles in both cell lines. Finally, hypoxic stress induced by treatment with CoCl2 upregulated the expression of the PAR1 receptor in both P7 and ST1 cells. In addition to PAR1, P7, but not ST1 cells, expressed higher levels of PAR2 under hypoxic stress. Thus, modulating these molecular interactions may provide additional insights for the development of more efficient therapeutic strategies against aggressive glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Q Monteiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luize G Lima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Nathália P Gonçalves
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mayara R Arruda DE Souza
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana C Leal
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Almeida Demasi
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL-NETCEM), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05360-120, Brazil
| | - Mari C Sogayar
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL-NETCEM), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05360-120, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C Carneiro-Lobo
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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Bin BH, Kim DK, Kim NH, Choi EJ, Bhin J, Kim ST, Gho YS, Lee AY, Lee TR, Cho EG. Fibronectin-Containing Extracellular Vesicles Protect Melanocytes against Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Cytotoxicity. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:957-966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wei X, Liu C, Wang H, Wang L, Xiao F, Guo Z, Zhang H. Surface Phosphatidylserine Is Responsible for the Internalization on Microvesicles Derived from Hypoxia-Induced Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Human Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147360. [PMID: 26808539 PMCID: PMC4726621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous data have proven that microvesicles derived from hypoxia-induced mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-MVs) can be internalized into endothelial cells, enhancing their proliferation and vessel structure formation and promoting in vivo angiogenesis. However, there is a paucity of information about how the MSC-MVs are up-taken by endothelial cells. Methods MVs were prepared from the supernatants of human bone marrow MSCs that had been exposed to a hypoxic and/or serum-deprivation condition. The incorporation of hypoxia-induced MSC-MVs into human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs) was observed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy in the presence or absence of recombinant human Annexin-V (Anx-V) and antibodies against human CD29 and CD44. Further, small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted at Anx-V and PSR was delivered into HUVECs, or HUVECs were treated with a monoclonal antibody against phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) and the cellular internalization of MVs was re-assessed. Results The addition of exogenous Anx-V could inhibit the uptake of MVs isolated from hypoxia-induced stem cells by HUVECs in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while the anti-CD29 and CD44 antibodies had no effect on the internalization process. The suppression was neither observed in Anx-V siRNA-transfected HUVECs, however, addition of anti-PSR antibody and PSR siRNA-transfected HUVECs greatly blocked the incorporation of MVs isolated from hypoxia-induced stem cells into HUVECs. Conclusion PS on the MVs isolated from hypoxia-induced stem cells is the critical molecule in the uptake by HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wei
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, China
| | - Chaozhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, China
| | - Hengxiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zikuan Guo
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Koizume S, Ito S, Yoshioka Y, Kanayama T, Nakamura Y, Yoshihara M, Yamada R, Ochiya T, Ruf W, Miyagi E, Hirahara F, Miyagi Y. High-level secretion of tissue factor-rich extracellular vesicles from ovarian cancer cells mediated by filamin-A and protease-activated receptors. Thromb Haemost 2015; 115:299-310. [PMID: 26446354 DOI: 10.1160/th15-03-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thromboembolic events occur frequently in ovarian cancer patients. Tissue factor (TF) is often overexpressed in tumours, including ovarian clear-cell carcinoma (CCC), a subtype with a generally poor prognosis. TF-coagulation factor VII (fVII) complexes on the cell surface activate downstream coagulation mechanisms. Moreover, cancer cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as vehicles for TF. We therefore examined the characteristics of EVs produced by ovarian cancer cells of various histological subtypes. CCC cells secreted high levels of TF within EVs, while the high-TF expressing breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 shed fewer TF-positive EVs. We also found that CCC tumours with hypoxic tissue areas synthesised TF and fVII in vivo, rendering the blood of xenograft mice bearing these tumours hypercoagulable compared with mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumours. Incorporation of TF into EVs and secretion of EVs from CCC cells exposed to hypoxia were both dependent on the actin-binding protein, filamin-A (filA). Furthermore, production of these EVs was dependent on different protease-activated receptors (PARs) on the cell surface. These results show that CCC cells could produce large numbers of TF-positive EVs dependent upon filA and PARs. This phenomenon may be the mechanism underlying the increased incidence of venous thromboembolism in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Koizume
- Shiro Koizume, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan, Tel.: +81 45 391 5761, E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yohei Miyagi
- Yohei Miyagi, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan, Tel.: +81 45 391 5761, E-mail:
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Saito RDF, Tortelli TC, Jacomassi MD, Otake AH, Chammas R. Emerging targets for combination therapy in melanomas. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3438-48. [PMID: 26450371 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanomas are often difficult to treat when diagnosed in advanced stages. Melanoma cells adapt to survive in extreme environmental conditions and are among the tumors with larger genomic instability. Here we discuss some intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of resistance of melanoma cells to both conventional and target therapies, such as autophagy, adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum stress, metabolic reprogramming, mechanisms of tumor repopulation and the role of extracellular vesicles in this later phenomenon. These biological processes are potentially targetable and thus provide a platform for research and discovery of new drugs for combination therapy to manage melanoma patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Freitas Saito
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Dept. of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tharcísio Citrângulo Tortelli
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Dept. of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara D'Auria Jacomassi
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Dept. of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréia Hanada Otake
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Dept. of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Dept. of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil.
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30
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Johnson BL, Kuethe JW, Caldwell CC. Neutrophil derived microvesicles: emerging role of a key mediator to the immune response. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2015; 14:210-7. [PMID: 25051983 DOI: 10.2174/1871530314666140722083717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In response to infection and trauma, exquisite control of the innate inflammatory response is necessary to promote an anti-microbial response and minimize tissue injury. Over the course of the host response, activated leukocytes are essential for the initial response and can later become unresponsive or undergo apoptosis. Leukocytes, along the continuum of activation to apoptosis, have been shown to generate microvesicles. These vesicles can range in size from 0.1 to 1.0 μm and can retain proteins, RNA and DNA of their parent cells. Importantly, neutrophil-derived microvesicles (NDMV) are robustly increased under inflammatory conditions. The aim of this review is to summarize the research to date upon NDMVs. This will include describing under which disease states NDMVs are increased, mechanisms underlying formation, and the impact of these vesicles upon cellular targets. Altogether, increased awareness of NDMVs during the host innate response may allow for diagnostic tools as well as potential novel therapies during infection and trauma.
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31
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Barboza T, Gomes T, Mizurini DM, Monteiro RQ, König S, Francischetti IMB, Signoretti PVP, Ramos IP, Gutfilen B, Souza SAL. (99m)Tc-ixolaris targets glioblastoma-associated tissue factor: in vitro and pre-clinical applications. Thromb Res 2015; 136:432-9. [PMID: 26070446 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clotting initiator protein tissue factor (TF) has recently been described as a potential target that can be exploited to image aggressive tumors. Ixolaris is a specific TF inhibitor that blocks tumor cell procoagulant activity and tumor growth. OBJECTIVE Herein we evaluated the ability of (99m)Tc-ixolaris to target tumor-derived TF using an orthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) model in mice. METHODS The right forebrains of Swiss mice were stereotactically inoculated with U87-MG human GBM cells. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on the resulting tumors after 35-45 days. The biodistribution of (99m)Tc-ixolaris was evaluated by semi-quantitative whole-body scintigraphy and a quantitative analysis of radioactivity in isolated organs. RESULTS No (99m)Tc-ixolaris uptake was observed in brain of tumor-free mice, independently of the integrity of brain-blood barrier. In contrast, the presence of TF-expressing brain tumor masses determined a significant (99m)Tc-ixolaris uptake. CONCLUSION (99m)Tc-ixolaris recognized TF-expressing GBM cells in vivo. Given the proposed role of TF in tumor progression, (99m)Tc-ixolaris is a promising radiopharmaceutical agent for quantifying cancer-associated TF in aggressive tumors, including GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Barboza
- Laboratório de Marcação de Células e Moléculas, Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Tainá Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Daniella M Mizurini
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Robson Q Monteiro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Sandra König
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ivo M B Francischetti
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paula V P Signoretti
- Laboratório de Físico-Química Biológica Aída Hassón Voloch e Laboratório Intermediário de Biomembranas, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Isalira P Ramos
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Bianca Gutfilen
- Laboratório de Marcação de Células e Moléculas, Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Sergio A L Souza
- Laboratório de Marcação de Células e Moléculas, Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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Rilla K, Siiskonen H, Tammi M, Tammi R. Hyaluronan-coated extracellular vesicles--a novel link between hyaluronan and cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 123:121-48. [PMID: 25081528 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800092-2.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of hyaluronan (HA) on the plasma membrane is a unique and still partly mysterious way of macromolecular biosynthesis. HA forms pericellular coats around many cell types and accumulates in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of growing and renewing tissues. It is secreted to high concentrations in body fluids with antifriction properties like pleural, peritoneal, and synovial fluids, but is also detectable in plasma, saliva, and urine. In pathological states, like cancer and inflammation, the amount of HA is increased around cells, in the ECM, and in the body fluids. HA is an indicator of poor prognosis for cancer patients and creates a favorable environment for cellular growth and motility. The recent finding that HA-coated extracellular vesicles act both as a product of HA synthase activity and as special vehicles for HA, and perhaps carry signals important for malignant growth, provides a novel link between HA and cancer. HA could be carried on the surface of these vesicles in tissues and body fluids, creating beneficial environments by itself, or by associated molecules, for the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. The HA-coated plasma membrane protrusions and vesicles shed from them are potential biomarkers in cancer and other HA-associated disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Rilla
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Hanna Siiskonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raija Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Rochael NC, Lima LG, Oliveira SMPD, Barcinski MA, Saraiva EM, Monteiro RQ, Pinto-da-Silva LH. Leishmania amazonensis exhibits phosphatidylserine-dependent procoagulant activity, a process that is counteracted by sandfly saliva. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108:679-85. [PMID: 24037188 PMCID: PMC3970692 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276108062013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites expose phosphatidylserine (PS) on their
surface, a process that has been associated with regulation of host's immune
responses. In this study we demonstrate that PS exposure by metacyclic
promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis favours blood
coagulation. L. amazonensis accelerates in vitro coagulation of
human plasma. In addition, L. amazonensis supports the assembly
of the prothrombinase complex, thus promoting thrombin formation. This process
was reversed by annexin V which blocks PS binding sites. During blood meal,
Lutzomyia longipalpis sandfly inject saliva in the bite
site, which has a series of pharmacologically active compounds that inhibit
blood coagulation. Since saliva and parasites are co-injected in the host during
natural transmission, we evaluated the anticoagulant properties of sandfly
saliva in counteracting the procoagulant activity of L.
amazonensis . Lu. longipalpis saliva reverses
plasma clotting promoted by promastigotes. It also inhibits thrombin formation
by the prothrombinase complex assembled either in phosphatidylcholine (PC)/PS
vesicles or in L. amazonensis . Sandfly saliva inhibits factor
X activation by the intrinsic tenase complex assembled on PC/PS vesicles and
blocks factor Xa catalytic activity. Altogether our results show that metacyclic
promastigotes of L. amazonensis are procoagulant due to PS
exposure. Notably, this effect is efficiently counteracted by sandfly
saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cadaxo Rochael
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brasil
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Abstract
Malignant melanoma cells are known to have altered expressions of growth factors as compared with normal melanocytes. Thrombomodulin (TM) is a thrombin receptor on endothelial cells that converts thrombin from a procoagulant to an anticoagulant enzyme. TM expression is downregulated in tumor cells, and this phenomenon correlates with tumor cell invasiveness and a poor prognosis in patients with cancer. In this study, we evaluated TM expression in two human melanoma cell lines that are known to have either low (WM35) or high (A375) aggressive phenotypes. Analysis by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) showed that the mRNA expression of TM is modestly (WM35) or dramatically (A375) downregulated in melanoma cells, as compared with human primary melanocytes. TM expression levels inversely correlated with in-vitro migration properties of tumor cells. In addition, interleukin-8 expression also correlated with the degree of aggressiveness, as indicated by high expression levels of this cytokine in A375 cells. Overexpression of TM in A375 cells by transient transfection reversed their aggressive phenotype and dramatically decreased interleukin-8 expression by these cells. Taken together, these results suggest that downregulation of TM plays a crucial role in melanocyte transformation and melanoma progression.
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Microparticles: new light shed on the understanding of venous thromboembolism. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1103-10. [PMID: 25152025 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microparticles are small membrane fragments shed primarily from blood and endothelial cells during either activation or apoptosis. There is mounting evidence suggesting that microparticles perform a large array of biological functions and contribute to various diseases. Of these disease processes, a significant link has been established between microparticles and venous thromboembolism. Advances in research on the role of microparticles in thrombosis have yielded crucial insights into possible mechanisms, diagnoses and therapeutic targets of venous thromboembolism. In this review, we discuss the definition and properties of microparticles and venous thromboembolism, provide a synopsis of the evidence detailing the contributions of microparticles to venous thromboembolism, and propose potential mechanisms, by which venous thromboembolism occurs. Moreover, we illustrate a possible role of microparticles in cancer-related venous thromboembolism.
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Menezes K, Nascimento MA, Gonçalves JP, Cruz AS, Lopes DV, Curzio B, Bonamino M, de Menezes JRL, Borojevic R, Rossi MID, Coelho-Sampaio T. Human mesenchymal cells from adipose tissue deposit laminin and promote regeneration of injured spinal cord in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96020. [PMID: 24830794 PMCID: PMC4022508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising strategy to pursue the unmet need for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). Although several studies have shown that adult mesenchymal cells contribute to improve the outcomes of SCI, a description of the pro-regenerative events triggered by these cells is still lacking. Here we investigated the regenerative properties of human adipose tissue derived stromal cells (hADSCs) in a rat model of spinal cord compression. Cells were delivered directly into the spinal parenchyma immediately after injury. Human ADSCs promoted functional recovery, tissue preservation, and axonal regeneration. Analysis of the cord tissue showed an abundant deposition of laminin of human origin at the lesion site and spinal midline; the appearance of cell clusters composed of neural precursors in the areas of laminin deposition, and the appearance of blood vessels with separated basement membranes along the spinal axis. These effects were also observed after injection of hADSCs into non-injured spinal cord. Considering that laminin is a well-known inducer of axonal growth, as well a component of the extracellular matrix associated to neural progenitors, we propose that it can be the paracrine factor mediating the pro-regenerative effects of hADSCs in spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Menezes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Assis Nascimento
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pena Gonçalves
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Cruz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daiana Vieira Lopes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Curzio
- National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Bonamino
- National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Isabel Doria Rossi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Coelho-Sampaio
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Vader P, Breakefield XO, Wood MJA. Extracellular vesicles: emerging targets for cancer therapy. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:385-93. [PMID: 24703619 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are released by almost all cell types, including tumour cells. Through transfer of their molecular contents, EVs are capable of altering the function of recipient cells. Increasing evidence suggests a key role for EV mediated intercellular communication in a variety of cellular processes involved in tumour development and progression, including immune suppression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Aspects of EV biogenesis or function are therefore increasingly being considered as targets for anticancer therapy. Here, we summarise the current knowledge on the contributions of EVs to cancer pathogenesis and discuss novel therapeutic strategies to target EVs to prevent tumour growth and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vader
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 2129, USA
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
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Laresche C, Pelletier F, Garnache-Ottou F, Lihoreau T, Biichlé S, Mourey G, Saas P, Humbert P, Seilles E, Aubin F. Increased levels of circulating microparticles are associated with increased procoagulant activity in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:176-182. [PMID: 23812302 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are known to be increased in various malignancies and are involved in tumor invasion, angiogenesis, coagulation, and metastasis. We investigated the plasma levels of annexin-V MPs (AV(+)MPs), platelet-derived MPs (PMPs), and endothelial-derived MPs (EMPs) in patients with melanoma (n=129) and in healthy controls (n=49). A functional coagulation test STA Procoag-PPL measuring the clotting time was performed on samples containing MPs to evaluate their procoagulant potential. The plasma levels of PMPs, EMPs, and AV(+)MPs were significantly higher, and the clotting time-PPL was significantly lower in melanoma patients than in healthy controls. The plasma levels of PMPs, EMPs, and AV(+)MPs were higher in stage IV than in the other stages of melanoma, but with no significant difference. In addition, we observed an inverse correlation between PMPs, AV(+)MPs, and clotting times. Our data suggest that MPs are involved in the progression of melanoma and may be associated to melanoma-associated thrombogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Laresche
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - Fabien Pelletier
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France; Université de Franche Comté, INSERM UMR 1098, SFR FED4234, Besançon, France.
| | - Francine Garnache-Ottou
- Université de Franche Comté, INSERM UMR 1098, SFR FED4234, Besançon, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Thomas Lihoreau
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - Sabeha Biichlé
- Université de Franche Comté, INSERM UMR 1098, SFR FED4234, Besançon, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Guillaume Mourey
- Université de Franche Comté, INSERM UMR 1098, SFR FED4234, Besançon, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- Université de Franche Comté, INSERM UMR 1098, SFR FED4234, Besançon, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Humbert
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France; Université de Franche Comté, INSERM UMR 1098, SFR FED4234, Besançon, France
| | - Estelle Seilles
- Université de Franche Comté, INSERM UMR 1098, SFR FED4234, Besançon, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - François Aubin
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France; Université de Franche Comté, EA3181, SFR FED4234, Besançon, France
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39
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Intercellular transfer of tissue factor via the uptake of tumor-derived microvesicles. Thromb Res 2013; 132:450-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Several studies have suggested a role for blood coagulation proteins in tumour progression. Herein, we discuss (1) the activation of the blood clotting cascade in the tumour microenvironment and its impact on primary tumour growth; (2) the intravascular activation of blood coagulation and its impact on tumour metastasis and cancer-associated thrombosis; and (3) antitumour therapies that target blood-coagulation-associated proteins. Expression levels of the clotting initiator protein TF (tissue factor) have been correlated with tumour cell aggressiveness. Simultaneous TF expression and PS (phosphatidylserine) exposure by tumour cells promote the extravascular activation of blood coagulation. The generation of blood coagulation enzymes in the tumour microenvironment may trigger the activation of PARs (protease-activated receptors). In particular, PAR1 and PAR2 have been associated with many aspects of tumour biology. The procoagulant activity of circulating tumour cells favours metastasis, whereas the release of TF-bearing MVs (microvesicles) into the circulation has been correlated with cancer-associated thrombosis. Given the role of coagulation proteins in tumour progression, it has been proposed that they could be targets for the development of new antitumour therapies.
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Conti E, Romiti A, Musumeci MB, Passerini J, Zezza L, Mastromarino V, D'Antonio C, Marchetti P, Paneni F, Autore C, Volpe M. Arterial thrombotic events and acute coronary syndromes with cancer drugs: Are growth factors the missed link? Int J Cardiol 2013; 167:2421-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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De Paula VS, Gomes NSF, Lima LG, Miyamoto CA, Monteiro RQ, Almeida FCL, Valente AP. Structural basis for the interaction of human β-defensin 6 and its putative chemokine receptor CCR2 and breast cancer microvesicles. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:4479-95. [PMID: 23938203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human β-defensins (hBDs) are believed to function as alarm molecules that stimulate the adaptive immune system when a threat is present. In addition to its antimicrobial activity, defensins present other activities such as chemoattraction of a range of different cell types to the sites of inflammation. We have solved the structure of the hBD6 by NMR spectroscopy that contains a conserved β-defensin domain followed by an extended C-terminus. We use NMR to monitor the interaction of hBD6 with microvesicles shed by breast cancer cell lines and with peptides derived from the extracellular domain of CC chemokine receptor 2 (Nt-CCR2) possessing or not possessing sulfation on Tyr26 and Tyr28. The NMR-derived model of the hBD6/CCR2 complex reveals a contiguous binding surface on hBD6, which comprises amino acid residues of the α-helix and β2-β3 loop. The microvesicle binding surface partially overlaps with the chemokine receptor interface. NMR spin relaxation suggests that free hBD6 and the hBD6/CCR2 complex exhibit microsecond-to-millisecond conformational dynamics encompassing the CCR2 binding site, which might facilitate selection of the molecular configuration optimal for binding. These data offer new insights into the structure-function relation of the hBD6-CCR2 interaction, which is a promising target for the design of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S De Paula
- Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Macromoléculas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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Tas F, Ciftci R, Kilic L, Bilgin E, Keskin S, Sen F, Yildiz I, Yasasever V. Clinical and prognostic significance of coagulation assays in melanoma. Melanoma Res 2013; 22:368-75. [PMID: 22889867 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e328357be7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis is frequently found among cancer patients. Such tumors are considered to be associated with a higher risk of invasion, metastases, and eventually worse outcome. The aim of this study is to explore the clinical and prognostic value of blood coagulation tests for melanoma patients. Pretreatment blood coagulation tests including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin activity (PTA), international normalized ratio (INR), D-dimer (DD), fibrinogen (F) levels, and platelet (PLT) counts were carried out. This prospective study included 61 melanoma patients [stage I-II (n=10), stage III (n=14), stage IV (n=37), M1c (n=26) disease], and 50 healthy controls. It included 34 (56%) men, median age 53 years, range 16-88 years. Over half of the patients (54%) were in the metastatic stage and most of them (70%) had M1c. The plasma level of pretreatment blood coagulation tests including DD, F, APTT, INR levels, and PLT counts showed a statistically significant difference between the patient and the control group (P<0.001 for all, but P=0.049 for INR). The levels of INR, DD, F, and PLT counts were higher and APTT was lower in the melanoma group, whereas the PT and PTA levels did not show any significant difference. There was a significant association between PT, PTA, INR, and PLT levels and the age of the patient. Patients with node metastasis in M0 disease had higher levels of PTA and PLT counts (P=0.002 and 0.048, respectively) and lower levels of PT and INR (P=0.056 and 0.046, respectively). The M1c patients tended to have higher plasma F levels (437 vs. 297 mg/dl, P=0.055) than M1a and M1b patients. The 1-year survival rate for all patients was 70%. In association with distant metastasis, advanced metastatic stage (M1c), elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, only elevated plasma F levels had a significantly adverse effect on survival among the coagulation parameters (P=0.031). The 1-year survival rates for patients with high and normal F levels were 58 and 88%, respectively. In conclusion, changes in the coagulation-fibrinolytic system are often present in melanoma and elevation in the plasma F level is associated with decreased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Tas
- Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.
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de Oliveira ADS, Lima LG, Mariano-Oliveira A, Machado DE, Nasciutti LE, Andersen JF, Petersen LC, Francischetti IMB, Monteiro RQ. Inhibition of tissue factor by ixolaris reduces primary tumor growth and experimental metastasis in a murine model of melanoma. Thromb Res 2012; 130:e163-70. [PMID: 22683021 PMCID: PMC3424357 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly metastatic cancer and there is strong evidence that the clotting initiator protein, tissue factor (TF), contributes to its aggressive pattern. TF inhibitors may attenuate primary tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ixolaris, a TF inhibitor, on a murine model of melanoma B16F10 cells. Enzymatic assays performed with B16F10 and human U87-MG tumor cells as the TF source showed that ixolaris inhibits the generation of FX in either murine, human or hybrid FVIIa/TF complexes. The effect of ixolaris on the metastatic potential was further estimated by intravenous injection of B16F10 cells in C57BL/6 mice. Ixolaris (250 μg/kg) dramatically decreased the number of pulmonary tumor nodules (4 ± 1 compared to 47 ± 10 in the control group). Furthermore, a significant decrease in tumor weights was observed in primary tumor growth assays in animals treated with ixolaris (250 μg/kg) from days 3 to 18 after a subcutaneous inoculation of melanoma cells. Remarkably, immunohistochemical analyses showed that inhibition of melanoma growth by ixolaris is accompanied by a significant downregulation of both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvascular density in the tumor mass. Our data demonstrate that ixolaris targets B16F10 cell-derived TF, resulting in the reduction of both the primary tumor growth and the metastatic potential of melanoma, as well as the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Therefore TF may be a potential target for the treatment of this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luize G Lima
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa Mariano-Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel E Machado
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz E Nasciutti
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - John F Andersen
- Vector Biology Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lars C Petersen
- Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Novo Nordisk, Maalov, Denmark
| | | | - Robson Q Monteiro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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45
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van der Pol E, Böing AN, Harrison P, Sturk A, Nieuwland R. Classification, Functions, and Clinical Relevance of Extracellular Vesicles. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64:676-705. [PMID: 22722893 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.005983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1262] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin van der Pol
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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