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Saki N, Najafi S, Jalali Far M, Kaydani G, Jaseb K. Role of platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1 polymorphisms in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: Is there an association? CLINICAL CANCER INVESTIGATION JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ccij.ccij_174_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kardeby C, Damaskinaki FN, Sun Y, Watson SP. Is the endogenous ligand for PEAR1 a proteoglycan: clues from the sea. Platelets 2020; 32:779-785. [PMID: 33356751 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1863938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelet Endothelial Aggregation Receptor 1 (PEAR1) is an orphan receptor of unknown function which mediates powerful activation of platelets and endothelial cells in response to crosslinking by antibodies and sulfated polysaccharides belonging to the dextran and fucoidan families. PEAR1 is a single transmembrane protein composed of 15 epidermal growth factor-like repeat sequences and with a conserved binding motif, YXXM, which when phosphorylated binds to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). The 13th of the repeats has a heparin-binding sequence that is the site of interaction with the sulfated fucoidans and the only known endogenous ligand FcεRIα. Crosslinking of PEAR1 drives Src family kinase phosphorylation of the cytosolic tail leading to binding and activation of PI3K. In this Opinion Article, we summarize the literature on PEAR1 expression, structure and signaling, and the search for further endogenous ligands. We highlight one article in which phosphorylation of a 150 kDa platelet protein by heparin-containing ligands has been reported and propose that PEAR1 is a receptor for one or more glycosaminoglycan-conjugated proteins (proteoglycans). The up-regulation of PEAR1 at sites of inflammation in the vasculature and its role in angiogenesis suggests a role in the interplay of inflammation, platelets, coagulation, and thromboinflammation. We speculate that this may explain the link between single nucleotide variants in PEAR1 and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kardeby
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Foteini-Nafsika Damaskinaki
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.,Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, East Midlands, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Stephen P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
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Lin L, Yang L, Chen J, Zhou L, Li S, Gao N, Zhao J. High-molecular-weight fucosylated glycosaminoglycan induces human platelet aggregation depending on αIIbβ3 and platelet secretion. Platelets 2020; 32:975-983. [PMID: 32970503 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1820976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lutan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650091, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
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Abstract
Platelet Endothelial Aggregation Receptor (PEAR1), as a platelet receptor, plays a vital role in hemostasis. This receptor, by its extracellular part, causes platelet adhesion and consequently initiates platelet aggregation. Dysfunction of PEAR1 can disrupt platelet aggregation in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The content used in this paper has been taken from English language articles (2005-2020) retrieved from Pubmed database and Google scholar search engine using "Cardiovascular Disease", "PEAR1", "Polymorphism", and "Platelet Aggregation" keywords. Some PEAR1 polymorphisms can disrupt homeostasis and interfere with the function mechanism of cardiac drugs. Since polymorphisms in this gene affect platelet function and the platelet aggregation process, PEAR1 could be further studied in the future as an essential factor in controlling the treatment process of patients with cardiovascular diseases. PEAR1 polymorphisms through disruption of the platelet aggregation process can be a risk factor in patients with CVDs. Therefore, controlling patients through genetic testing and the evaluation of PEAR1 polymorphisms can help improve the treatment process of patients. According to the studies on the PEAR1 gene and the effect of different polymorphisms on some crucial issues in CVDs patients (changes in platelet activity), it is clear that if there is a significant relationship between polymorphisms and CVDs, they can be used as prognostic and diagnostic markers. This study aims to evaluate the prognosis and drug treatment of the PEAR1 gene in CVDs patients.
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Kardeby C, Fälker K, Haining EJ, Criel M, Lindkvist M, Barroso R, Påhlsson P, Ljungberg LU, Tengdelius M, Rainger GE, Watson S, Eble JA, Hoylaerts MF, Emsley J, Konradsson P, Watson SP, Sun Y, Grenegård M. Synthetic glycopolymers and natural fucoidans cause human platelet aggregation via PEAR1 and GPIbα. Blood Adv 2019; 3:275-287. [PMID: 30700416 PMCID: PMC6373755 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are sulfated fucose-based polysaccharides that activate platelets and have pro- and anticoagulant effects; thus, they may have therapeutic value. In the present study, we show that 2 synthetic sulfated α-l-fucoside-pendant glycopolymers (with average monomeric units of 13 and 329) and natural fucoidans activate human platelets through a Src- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent and Syk-independent signaling cascade downstream of the platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1 (PEAR1). Synthetic glycopolymers and natural fucoidan stimulate marked phosphorylation of PEAR1 and Akt, but not Syk. Platelet aggregation and Akt phosphorylation induced by natural fucoidan and synthetic glycopolymers are blocked by a monoclonal antibody to PEAR1. Direct binding of sulfated glycopolymers to epidermal like growth factor (EGF)-like repeat 13 of PEAR1 was shown by avidity-based extracellular protein interaction screen technology. In contrast, synthetic glycopolymers and natural fucoidans activate mouse platelets through a Src- and Syk-dependent pathway regulated by C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) with only a minor role for PEAR1. Mouse platelets lacking the extracellular domain of GPIbα and human platelets treated with GPIbα-blocking antibodies display a reduced aggregation response to synthetic glycopolymers. We found that synthetic sulfated glycopolymers bind directly to GPIbα, substantiating that GPIbα facilitates the interaction of synthetic glycopolymers with CLEC-2 or PEAR1. Our results establish PEAR1 as the major signaling receptor for natural fucose-based polysaccharides and synthetic glycopolymers in human, but not in mouse, platelets. Sulfated α-l-fucoside-pendant glycopolymers are unique tools for further investigation of the physiological role of PEAR1 in platelets and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kardeby
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Knut Fälker
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth J Haining
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten Criel
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Madelene Lindkvist
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ruben Barroso
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Påhlsson
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and
| | - Liza U Ljungberg
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - G Ed Rainger
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and
| | - Marc F Hoylaerts
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas Emsley
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
- Division of Biomolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Konradsson
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Grenegård
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Anti-Prion Screening for Acridine, Dextran, and Tannic Acid using Real Time-Quaking Induced Conversion: A Comparison with PrPSc-Infected Cell Screening. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170266. [PMID: 28095474 PMCID: PMC5240994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion propagation is mediated by the structural alteration of normal prion protein (PrPC) to generate pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc). To date, compounds for the inhibition of prion propagation have mainly been screened using PrPSc-infected cells. Real time-quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) is one alternative screening method. In this study, we assessed the propagation inhibition effects of known anti-prion compounds using RT-QuIC and compared the results with those from a PrPSc-infected cell assay. Compounds were applied to RT-QuIC reactions at 0 h or 22 h after prion propagation to determine whether they inhibited propagation or reduced amplified aggregates. RT-QuIC reactions in presence of acridine, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and tannic acid inhibited seeded aggregation with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease at 0 h. After treatment at 22 h, amplified fluorescence was decreased in wells treated with either acridine or tannic acid. Compound activities were verified by western blot of RT-QuIC products and in a dye-independent conversion assay, the Multimer Detection System. Protease K-resistant PrPSc fragments (PrPres) were reduced by DSS and tannic acid in the PrPSc-infected cell assay. Importantly, these inhibitory effects were similar despite different treatment times (0 h versus 3 days). Consequentially, RT-QuIC enabled the more specific classification of compounds according to action (i.e., inhibition of prion propagation versus reduction of amplified aggregates). RT-QuIC addresses the limitations of cell-based screening methods and can be used to further aid our understanding of the mechanisms of action of anti-prion compounds.
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Criel M, Izzi B, Vandenbriele C, Liesenborghs L, Van kerckhoven S, Lox M, Cludts K, Jones EA, Vanassche T, Verhamme P, Hoylaerts M. Absence of Pear1 does not affect murine platelet function in vivo. Thromb Res 2016; 146:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vandenbriele C, Sun Y, Criel M, Cludts K, Van kerckhoven S, Izzi B, Vanassche T, Verhamme P, Hoylaerts MF. Dextran sulfate triggers platelet aggregation via direct activation of PEAR1. Platelets 2015; 27:365-72. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2015.1111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Vandenbriele
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yi Sun
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Maarten Criel
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Cludts
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Soetkin Van kerckhoven
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benedetta Izzi
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanassche
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc F. Hoylaerts
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Activation of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) underlies platelet activation by diesel exhaust particles and other charged/hydrophobic ligands. Biochem J 2015; 468:459-73. [PMID: 25849538 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are activated by a range of stimuli that share little or no resemblance in structure to each other or to recognized ligands, including diesel exhaust particles (DEP), small peptides [4N1-1, Champs (computed helical anti-membrane proteins), LSARLAF (Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Leu-Ala-Phe)], proteins (histones) and large polysaccharides (fucoidan, dextran sulfate). This miscellaneous group stimulate aggregation of human and mouse platelets through the glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-FcR γ-chain complex and/or C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) as shown using platelets from mice deficient in either or both of these receptors. In addition, all of these ligands stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation in GPVI/CLEC-2-double-deficient platelets, indicating that they bind to additional surface receptors, although only in the case of dextran sulfate does this lead to activation. DEP, fucoidan and dextran sulfate, but not the other agonists, activate GPVI and CLEC-2 in transfected cell lines as shown using a sensitive reporter assay confirming a direct interaction with the two receptors. We conclude that this miscellaneous group of ligands bind to multiple proteins on the cell surface including GPVI and/or CLEC-2, inducing activation. These results have pathophysiological significance in a variety of conditions that involve exposure to activating charged/hydrophobic agents.
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Mao Y, Kunapuli SP. Trypsin causes platelet activation independently of known protease-activated receptors. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:1241-9. [PMID: 24030758 DOI: 10.1160/th13-03-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
To identify a physiological agonist of PAR3, we used PAR4 null murine platelets, which were known to express only PAR3. In this study, we tested several proteases and found that trypsin, but not heat-inactivated trypsin, activated PAR4 null murine platelets. Even at high concentrations, trypsin caused shape change without increasing intracellular calcium levels in PAR4 null murine platelets. Consistent with this result, the Gq inhibitor YM-254890 had no effect on trypsin-induced shape change. However, trypsin-induced platelet shape change was abolished by either p160ROCK inhibitor, Y27632 or H1152. Furthermore, trypsin caused phosphorylation of myosin light chain (Thr18), but not Akt or Erk. Surprisingly, trypsin caused a similar shape change in PAR4-desensitised PAR3 null murine platelets as in PAR4null murine platelets, indicating that trypsin did not activate PAR3 to cause shape change. More interestingly, the Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitor PP2 abolished trypsin-induced, but not AYPGKF-induced, shape change. Hence, trypsin activated a novel signalling pathway through RhoA/p160ROCK and was regulated by SFKs. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a novel protease signalling pathway in platelets that is independent of PARs. This protease-induced novel signalling pathway regulates platelet shape change through SFKs and p160ROCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Mao
- Satya P. Kunapuli, PhD, Department of Physiology, Temple University, 217MRS, 3420 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA, Tel.: +1 215 707 4615, Fax: +1 215 707 4003, E-mail:
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