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Yu C, Wan Y, Xu W, Jin X, Zhang S, Xin M, Jiang H, Cheng X. Increased Circulating Cathepsin L in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Int Heart J 2020; 62:9-15. [PMID: 33390563 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin L (CatL) is a potent collagenase involved in atherosclerotic vascular remodeling and dysfunction in animals and humans. This study investigated the hypothesis that plasma CatL is associated with the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Between February May 2011 and January 2013, 206 consecutive subjects were enrolled from among patients who underwent coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention treatment. Age-matched subjects (n = 215) served as controls. Plasma CatL and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured. The patients with CAD had significantly higher plasma CatL levels compared to the controls (1.4 ± 0.4 versus 0.4 ± 0.2 ng/mL, P < 0.001), and the patients with acute coronary syndrome had significantly higher plasma CatL levels compared to those with stable angina pectoris (1.7 ± 0.7 versus 0.8 ± 0.4 ng/mL, P < 0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that overall, the plasma CatL levels were inversely correlated with the high-density lipoprotein levels (r = -0.32, P < 0.01) and positively with hs-CRP levels (r = 0.35, P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression analyses shows that cathepsin L levels were independent predictors of CAD (add ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.1; P < 0.01). These data demonstrated that increased levels of plasma CatL are closely associated with the presence of CAD and that circulating CatL serves as a useful biomarker for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Yu
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Wenhu Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Xiongjie Jin
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Shengming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Minglong Xin
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Haiying Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Jiaxing University Medical College
| | - Xianwu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Jiaxing University Medical College
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Ogasawara S, Cheng XW, Inoue A, Hu L, Piao L, Yu C, Goto H, Xu W, Zhao G, Lei Y, Yang G, Kimura K, Umegaki H, Shi GP, Kuzuya M. Cathepsin K activity controls cardiotoxin-induced skeletal muscle repair in mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:160-175. [PMID: 29058826 PMCID: PMC5803616 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathepsin K (CatK) is a widely expressed cysteine protease that has gained attention because of its enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions in signalling. Here, we examined whether CatK-deficiency (CatK-/- ) would mitigate injury-related skeletal muscle remodelling and fibrosis in mice, with a special focus on inflammation and muscle cell apoptosis. METHODS Cardiotoxin (CTX, 20 μM/200 μL) was injected into the left gastrocnemius muscle of male wild-type (CatK+/+ ) and CatK-/- mice, and the mice were processed for morphological and biochemical studies. RESULTS On post-injection Day 14, CatK deletion ameliorated muscle interstitial fibrosis and remodelling and performance. At an early time point (Day 3), CatK-/- reduced the lesion macrophage and leucocyte contents and cell apoptosis, the mRNA levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, toll-like receptor-2 and toll-like receptor-4, and the gelatinolytic activity related to matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9. CatK deletion also restored the protein levels of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-8 and the ratio of the BAX to the Bcl-2. Moreover, CatK deficiency protected muscle fibre laminin and desmin disorder in response to CTX injury. These beneficial muscle effects were mimicked by CatK-specific inhibitor treatment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that pharmacological CatK inhibition reduced the apoptosis of C2C12 mouse myoblasts and the levels of BAX and caspase-3 proteins induced by CTX. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that CatK plays an essential role in skeletal muscle loss and fibrosis in response to CTX injury, possibly via a reduction of inflammation and cell apoptosis, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for the control of skeletal muscle diseases by regulating CatK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyu Ogasawara
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan.,Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-0814, Aichiken, Japan.,Department of Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-702, Korea
| | - Aiko Inoue
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan.,Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-0814, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Limei Piao
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan.,Department of Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, China
| | - Chenglin Yu
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan.,Department of Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, China
| | - Hiroki Goto
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Wenhu Xu
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan.,Department of Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, China
| | - Guangxian Zhao
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan.,Department of Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, China
| | - Yanna Lei
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan.,Department of Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan.,Department of Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, China
| | - Kaoru Kimura
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Umegaki
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 20115, USA
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan.,Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-0814, Aichiken, Japan
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