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Wu X, Singla S, Liu JJ, Hong L. The role of macrophage ion channels in the progression of atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1225178. [PMID: 37588590 PMCID: PMC10425548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease that affects the arteries and can lead to severe complications such as heart attack and stroke. Macrophages, a type of immune cell, play a crucial role in atherosclerosis initiation and progression. Emerging studies revealed that ion channels regulate macrophage activation, polarization, phagocytosis, and cytokine secretion. Moreover, macrophage ion channel dysfunction is implicated in macrophage-derived foam cell formation and atherogenesis. In this context, exploring the regulatory role of ion channels in macrophage function and their impacts on the progression of atherosclerosis emerges as a promising avenue for research. Studies in the field will provide insights into novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sidhant Singla
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jianhua J. Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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2
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Connexin 37 Regulates the Kv1.3 Pathway and Promotes the Development of Atherosclerosis. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2689918. [PMID: 36193415 PMCID: PMC9525889 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2689918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the mechanism of Connexin 37 (Cx37) and Kv1.3 pathways in atherosclerosis (AS). Methods ApoE−/− mice were given a high-fat diet to establish atherosclerosis (AS) model, and macrophages in mice were isolated and extracted to transfect Cx37 vectors with silencing or overexpressing, and Kv1.3 pathway blockers were used to inhibit the pathway activity. The indexes of body weight, blood glucose, and blood lipid of mice were collected. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Cx37 and Kv1.3 were detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence technique. Oil red O staining was used to observe plaque area. Masson staining was used to detect collagen content. The concentrations of chemokine CCL7 were quantified using the ELISA kits. CCK8 was used to detect cell proliferation. Results Cx37 and Kv1.3 were highly expressed in macrophages of AS mice, and the expression of Kv1.3 and CCL7 decreased after Cx37 was silenced, and the proliferation of macrophages was also decreased. Wild-type mice and AS model mice were treated with Cx37 overexpression vectors and Kv1.3 pathway blocking, and it was found that Cx37 overexpression could improve the blood lipid and blood glucose levels and increase the area of AS in AS mice. However, blocking the activity of Kv1.3 pathway can reduce the levels of blood lipid and blood glucose, increase the body weight of mice, and reduce the area of AS mice. Blocking the activity of Kv1.3 pathway can slow down the plaque development of AS mice and make its indexes close to wild-type mice. And the use of Kv1.3 pathway blockers on the basis of overexpression of Cx37 indicated that inhibition of Kv1.3 pathway activity did not affect the expression of Cx37, but could inhibit the collagen content in the plaque area of AS mice, inhibit the expression of chemokine CCL7, and reverse the effect of Cx37 overexpression. Conclusion Cx37 can improve the activity of macrophages by regulating the expression of chemokines and the activity of Kv1.3 pathway in AS mice, and enrich macrophages in inflammatory tissues and expand the area of plaque formation.
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3
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Zhang Q, Liu L, Hu Y, Shen L, Li L, Wang Y. Kv1.3 Channel Is Involved In Ox-LDL-induced Macrophage Inflammation Via ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109394. [PMID: 36100082 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage inflammatory response is crucial for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 plays an important role in the modulation of macrophage function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of Kv1.3 on inflammation in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Treatment with Kv1.3-siRNA attenuated the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB in ox-LDL-induced macrophages. In contrast, overexpression of Kv1.3 with Lv-Kv1.3 promoted the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, and increased ERK1/2 and NF-κB phosphorylation in macrophages. PD-98059, a specific inhibitor of ERK, reversed the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in ox-LDL-treated macrophages. Kv1.3-siRNA did not inhibit inflammation any further when cells were treated with PD-98059. This suggests that ERK acts as a downstream regulator of the Kv1.3 channel. In conclusion, Kv1.3 may be an indispensable membrane protein in ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 macrophage inflammation in atherosclerosis through the ERK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujie Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China.
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4
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Immler R, Nadolni W, Bertsch A, Morikis V, Rohwedder I, Masgrau-Alsina S, Schroll T, Yevtushenko A, Soehnlein O, Moser M, Gudermann T, Barnea ER, Rehberg M, Simon SI, Zierler S, Pruenster M, Sperandio M. The voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 regulates neutrophil recruitment during inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1289-1302. [PMID: 33881519 PMCID: PMC8953450 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neutrophil trafficking within the vasculature strongly relies on intracellular calcium signalling. Sustained Ca2+ influx into the cell requires a compensatory efflux of potassium to maintain membrane potential. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 regulates neutrophil function during the acute inflammatory process by affecting sustained Ca2+ signalling. METHODS AND RESULTS Using in vitro assays and electrophysiological techniques, we show that KV1.3 is functionally expressed in human neutrophils regulating sustained store-operated Ca2+ entry through membrane potential stabilizing K+ efflux. Inhibition of KV1.3 on neutrophils by the specific inhibitor 5-(4-Phenoxybutoxy)psoralen (PAP-1) impaired intracellular Ca2+ signalling, thereby preventing cellular spreading, adhesion strengthening, and appropriate crawling under flow conditions in vitro. Using intravital microscopy, we show that pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of KV1.3 in mice decreased neutrophil adhesion in a blood flow dependent fashion in inflamed cremaster muscle venules. Furthermore, we identified KV1.3 as a critical component for neutrophil extravasation into the inflamed peritoneal cavity. Finally, we also revealed impaired phagocytosis of Escherichia coli particles by neutrophils in the absence of KV1.3. CONCLUSION We show that the voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 is critical for Ca2+ signalling and neutrophil trafficking during acute inflammatory processes. Our findings do not only provide evidence for a role of KV1.3 for sustained calcium signalling in neutrophils affecting key functions of these cells, they also open up new therapeutic approaches to treat inflammatory disorders characterized by overwhelming neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Immler
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wiebke Nadolni
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Bertsch
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Vasilios Morikis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, 451 E. Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ina Rohwedder
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sergi Masgrau-Alsina
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tobias Schroll
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna Yevtushenko
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkofer Straße 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Von-Enmarch-Straße 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Eytan R Barnea
- BioIncept LLC, New York, 140 East 40th Street #11E, NY 10016, USA
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, 451 E. Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Susanna Zierler
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Pruenster
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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5
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Murine glial progenitor cells transplantation and synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF) reduces inflammation and early motor impairment in ALS mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4016. [PMID: 35256767 PMCID: PMC8901633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuronal disorder characterized by neuronal degeneration and currently no effective cure is available to stop or delay the disease from progression. Transplantation of murine glial-restricted precursors (mGRPs) is an attractive strategy to modulate ALS development and advancements such as the use of immune modulators could potentially extend graft survival and function. Using a well-established ALS transgenic mouse model (SOD1G93A), we tested mGRPs in combination with the immune modulators synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF), Tacrolimus (Tac), and Costimulatory Blockade (CB). We report that transplantation of mGRPs into the cisterna magna did not result in increased mice survival. The addition of immunomodulatory regimes again did not increase mice lifespan but improved motor functions and sPIF was superior compared to other immune modulators. Immune modulators did not affect mGRPs engraftment significantly but reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Finally, sPIF and CB reduced the number of microglial cells and prevented neuronal number loss. Given the safety profile and a neuroprotective potential of sPIF, we envision its clinical application in near future.
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Halliday N, Dyson JK, Thorburn D, Lohse AW, Heneghan MA. Review article: experimental therapies in autoimmune hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:1134-1149. [PMID: 32794592 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current therapeutic options for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are limited by adverse events associated with corticosteroids and thiopurines and the limited evidence base for second- and third-line treatment options. Furthermore, current treatment approaches require long-term exposure of patients to pharmacological agents. There have been significant advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underpinning autoimmunity and an expansion in the available therapeutic agents for suppressing autoimmune responses or potentially restoring self-tolerance. AIM To review the mechanisms and evidence for experimental therapies that are being actively explored in the management of AIH. METHODS We have reviewed the literature relating to a range of novel therapeutic immunomodulatory treatment strategies and drugs. RESULTS Drugs which block B cell-activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor family (BAFF) and tumour necrosis factor α are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of AIH. Experimental therapies and technologies to increase immune tolerance, such as pre-implantation factor and regulatory T cell therapies, are undergoing development for application in autoimmune disorders. There is also evidence for targeting inflammatory pathways to control other autoimmune conditions, such as blockade of IL1 and IL6 and Janus-associated kinase (JAK) inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS With the range of tools available to clinicians and patients increasing, it is likely that the therapeutic landscape of AIH will change over the coming years and treatment approaches offering lower corticosteroid use and aiming to restore immune self-tolerance should be sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Halliday
- Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.,The Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jessica Katharine Dyson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Hepatology Department, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Douglas Thorburn
- Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.,The Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Spinelli M, Boucard C, Di Nicuolo F, Haesler V, Castellani R, Pontecorvi A, Scambia G, Granieri C, Barnea ER, Surbek D, Mueller M, Di Simone N. Synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF) reduces inflammation and prevents preterm birth. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232493. [PMID: 32511256 PMCID: PMC7279576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and spontaneous PTB is a major contributor. The preceding inflammation/infection contributes not only to spontaneous PTB but is associated with neonatal morbidities including impaired brain development. Therefore, control of exaggerated immune response during pregnancy is an attractive strategy. A potential candidate is synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF) as sPIF prevents inflammatory induced fetal loss and has neuroprotective properties. Here, we tested maternal sPIF prophylaxis in pregnant mice subjected to a lipopolysaccharides (LPS) insult, which results in PTB. Additionally, we evaluated sPIF effects in placental and microglial cell lines. Maternal sPIF application reduced the LPS induced PTB rate significantly. Consequently, sPIF reduced microglial activation (Iba-1 positive cells) and preserved neuronal migration (Cux-2 positive cells) in fetal brains. In fetal brain lysates sPIF decreased IL-6 and INFγ concentrations. In-vitro, sPIF reduced Iba1 and TNFα expression in microglial cells and reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic (Bad and Bax) and inflammatory (IL-6 and NLRP4) genes in placental cell lines. Together, maternal sPIF prophylaxis prevents PTB in part by controlling exaggerated immune response. Given the sPIF`FDA Fast Track approval in non-pregnant subjects, we envision sPIF therapy in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuigia Spinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Céline Boucard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fiorella Di Nicuolo
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Roma, Italia
- International Scientific Institute Paolo VI, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, A. Gemelli Universitary Hospital, Rome, Italia
| | - Valerie Haesler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Castellani
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Roma, Italia
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Roma, Italia
- U.O.C di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Roma, Italia
- U.O.C. di Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Chiara Granieri
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Roma, Italia
| | - Eytan R. Barnea
- The Society for The Investigation of Early Pregnancy (SIEP), Cherry Hill, NJ, United States of America
- BioIncept LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, United States of America
| | - Daniel Surbek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (MM); (NDS)
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Roma, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Roma, Italia
- * E-mail: (MM); (NDS)
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8
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Raspollini MR, Montagnani I, Cirri P, Baroni G, Cimadamore A, Scarpelli M, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R, Barnea ER. PreImplantation Factor immunohistochemical expression correlates with prostate cancer aggressiveness. Int J Biol Markers 2020; 35:82-90. [PMID: 32389051 DOI: 10.1177/1724600820919969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PreImplantation Factor (PIF)-a peptide secreted by viable embryos-exerts autotrophic protective effects, promotes endometrial receptivity and controls trophoblast invasion. Synthetic PIF (sPIF) has both immune-protective and regenerative properties, and reduces oxidative stress and protein misfolding. PIF is detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in hyperplastic endometriotic lesions and advanced uterine cancer. sPIF reduces graft-versus-host disease while maintaining a graft-versus-leukemia effect. METHODS PIF detection in prostate cancer was assessed in 50 human prostate samples following radical prostatectomy using tumor-microarray-based IHC correlating PIF immune staining with Gleason score (GS) and cancer aggressiveness. RESULTS PIF was detected in moderate-to-high risk prostate cancer (GS 4+3 and beyond, prognostic groups 3 to 5). In prostate cancer (GS (WHO Grade Group (GG)5), PIF was detected in 50% of cases; in prostate cancer (GS 4+4 GG4), PIF was observed in 62.5% of cases; in prostate cancer (GS 4+3 GG3), PIF immunostaining was observed in 57.1% of cases. In prostate cancer, (GS 3+4 GG2) and (GS 3+3 GG1) cases where PIF staining was negative to weak, membranous staining was observed in 20% of cases (staining pattern considered negative). High-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia PIF positive stain in 28.57% of cases (6 of 21) was observed. In contrast, PIF was not detected in normal prostate glands. Importantly, sPIF added to the PC3 cell line alone or combined with prostate cancer fibroblast feeder-cells did not affect proliferation. Only when peripheral blood mononuclear cells were added to the culture, a minor increase in cell proliferation was noted, reflecting local proliferation control. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, PIF assessment could be a valuable, simple-to-use immunohistochemical biomarker to evaluate aggressiveness/prognosis in specimens from prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Montagnani
- Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Toscana, Italy
| | - Paolo Cirri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Scuola di Scienze della Salute Umana Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Toscana, Italy
| | - Gianna Baroni
- Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Toscana, Italy
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Torrette, Italy
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Torrette, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Torrette, Italy
| | - Eytan R Barnea
- BioIncept, LLC & The Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy (SIEP), New York, NY, USA
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9
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Zare F, Seifati SM, Dehghan-Manshadi M, Fesahat F. Preimplantation Factor (PIF): a peptide with various functions. JBRA Assist Reprod 2020; 24:214-218. [PMID: 32202400 PMCID: PMC7169918 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20190082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation Factor (PIF) is a novel fifteen amino acid linear peptide (MVRIKPGSANKPSDD), which has different biological functions in mammalian species e.g. its role in neuron restoration, pregnancy and related disorders, and also in autoimmune diseases. Since all clinical studies have shown that PIF has both local and systemic effects, it can be considered as an integrated therapy for the treatment of inflammation conditions, along with the prevention of advanced disease. The synthetic PIF (sPIF) analog is a good representative of native PIF action, and it regulates peripheral immune cells to achieve endurance without immune suppression - an effective agent in nonpregnant autoimmune models. This study provides information, from evidence-based studies so far about PIF’s different functional aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Zare
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Seifati
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdi Dehghan-Manshadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fesahat
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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10
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Synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF) induces posttranslational protein modification and reverses paralysis in EAE mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12876. [PMID: 31578341 PMCID: PMC6775138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An autoimmune response against myelin protein is considered one of the key pathogenic processes that initiates multiple sclerosis (MS). The currently available MS disease modifying therapies have demonstrated to reduce the frequency of inflammatory attacks. However, they appear limited in preventing disease progression and neurodegeneration. Hence, novel therapeutic approaches targeting both inflammation and neuroregeneration are urgently needed. A new pregnancy derived synthetic peptide, synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF), crosses the blood-brain barrier and prevents neuro-inflammation. We report that sPIF reduces paralysis and de-myelination of the brain in a clinically-relevant experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice model. These effects, at least in part, are due to post-translational modifications, which involve cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA), calcium-dependent protein kinase (PKC), and immune regulation. In terms of potential MS treatment, sPIF was successfully tested in neurodegenerative animal models of perinatal brain injury and experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Importantly, sPIF received a FDA Fast Track Approval for first in human trial in autommuninty (completed).
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11
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Dyson JK, De Martin E, Dalekos GN, Drenth JPH, Herkel J, Hubscher SG, Kelly D, Lenzi M, Milkiewicz P, Oo YH, Heneghan MA, Lohse AW. Review article: unanswered clinical and research questions in autoimmune hepatitis-conclusions of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Research Workshop. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:528-536. [PMID: 30671977 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that results in substantial morbidity and mortality with many unanswered clinical and research questions. Improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, including the extra-hepatic manifestations of AIH, may allow targeted treatments with greater efficacy and fewer associated adverse events. AIM To identify the spectrum of unanswered clinical and research questions facing care providers in the management of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). METHODS The International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group initiated a series of research workshops to start to address these questions. Key issues were discussed in small group sessions with collation of all discussions to be summarised in this manuscript. RESULTS Key issues were identified as: the need for better understanding of disease pathogenesis, standardisation of the methods and assays used to evaluate autoantibodies in AIH, refinement of the histopathological criteria for "typical" or "compatible" AIH, focus on the interaction with non-alcohol related fatty liver disease, how to treat acute severe AIH, better assessment of quality of life in adults and paediatrics, standardising use of standard, third-line and experimental therapies in AIH and search for biomarkers early in the disease course that predict outcome. CONCLUSION This workshop has outlined the key unanswered clinical and research questions to help to define the research agenda in AIH.
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12
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sPIF promotes myoblast differentiation and utrophin expression while inhibiting fibrosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy via the H19/miR-675/let-7 and miR-21 pathways. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:82. [PMID: 30692507 PMCID: PMC6349844 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive, lethal, X-linked disease of skeletal and cardiac muscles caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Loss of dystrophin leads to muscle fiber damage and impairment of satellite cell asymmetric division, which are essential for muscle regeneration. These processes ultimately result in muscle wasting and the replacement of the degenerating muscles by fibrogenic cells, a process that leads to the generation of fibrotic tissues. Preimplantation factor (PIF) is an evolutionary conserved 15-amino acid peptide secreted by viable mammalian embryos. Synthetic PIF (sPIF) reproduces the protective/regenerative effects of the endogenous peptide in immune disorders and transplantation models. In this study, we demonstrated that sPIF treatment promoted mouse and human myoblast differentiation and inhibited the expression of collagen 1A1, collagen 1A2, and TGF-β in DMD patient-derived myoblasts. Additionally, sPIF increased the expression of utrophin, a homolog of dystrophin protein. sPIF effects were mediated via the upregulation of lncRNA H19 and miR-675 and downregulation of let-7. sPIF also inhibited the expression of miR-21, a major fibrosis regulator. The administration of sPIF in mdx mice significantly decreased serum creatine kinase and collagen I and collagen IV expression in the diaphragm, whereas it increased utrophin expression in the diaphragm, heart and quadriceps muscles. In conclusion, sPIF promoted the differentiation of DMD myoblasts, increased utrophin expression via the H19/miRNA-675/let-7 pathway, and reduced muscle fibrosis possibly via the upregulation of miR-675 and inhibition of miR-21 expression. These findings strongly support pursuing sPIF as a potential therapeutic agent for DMD. Moreover, the completion of an sPIF phase I safety trial will further promote the use of sPIF for the treatment of muscular dystrophies.
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13
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O'Brien CB, Barnea ER, Martin P, Levy C, Sharabi E, Bhamidimarri KR, Martin E, Arosemena L, Schiff ER. Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose Trial of Synthetic Preimplantation Factor in Autoimmune Hepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1235-1246. [PMID: 30411073 PMCID: PMC6218676 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation factor (PIF) is an evolutionary conserved peptide secreted by viable embryos which promotes maternal tolerance without immune suppression. Synthetic PIF (sPIF) replicates native peptide activity. The aim of this study was to conduct the first‐in‐human trial of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of sPIF in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, prospective phase I clinical trial. Patients were adults with documented AIH with compensated chronic liver disease. Diagnosis of AIH was confirmed by either a pretreatment International Criteria for the Diagnosis of AIH score of 15 or more, or a posttreatment score of 17 or more. Patients were divided into three dosing cohorts (0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg) of 6 patients in each group. Three patients in each group had normal liver tests and 3 patients had abnormal liver tests. They were randomized to receive a single, subcutaneous dose of either sPIF or a matching placebo. Eighteen patients were enrolled, and all successfully completed the trial. There were no clinically significant adverse events and all doses were well tolerated. Ascending doses of sPIF produced a linear increase in the respective serum levels with a half‐life of 90 minutes. There were no grade 2, 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities. No patient developed detectable anti‐sPIF antibodies. Conclusion: This first‐in‐human trial of the safety and pharmacokinetics of sPIF (a novel biologic immune modulatory agent) demonstrated both excellent safety and tolerability. The data support further studies of multiple ascending doses of sPIF in autoimmune hepatitis and potentially other autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Martin
- University of Miami Schiff Center for Liver Diseases Miami Florida
| | - Cynthia Levy
- University of Miami Schiff Center for Liver Diseases Miami Florida
| | - Eden Sharabi
- Northwestern University Medical School Chicago Illinois
| | | | - Eric Martin
- University of Miami Schiff Center for Liver Diseases Miami Florida
| | | | - Eugene R Schiff
- University of Miami Schiff Center for Liver Diseases Miami Florida
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14
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Hayrabedyan S, Todorova K, Spinelli M, Barnea ER, Mueller M. The core sequence of PIF competes for insulin/amyloid β in insulin degrading enzyme: potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33884-33895. [PMID: 30338033 PMCID: PMC6188057 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The central pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the sequential proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) agglomeration. The clearance of Aβ may be induced by the large zinc-binding protease insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). IDE is the common link between AD and Type II diabetes as insulin is an IDE target as well. Not surprisingly, the search for safe and effective drugs modulating IDE is ongoing. A new pregnancy derived peptide, PreImplantation Factor (PIF), inhibits neuro-inflammation and crosses the blood-brain-barrier. Importantly, we report that the (R3I4K5P6) core sequence of the PIF peptide modulates IDE function and results in decreased Aβ agglomeration in neuronal cells. Using bioinformatics we show that PIF binds to the IDE complex and sterically competes for the same place as insulin or Aβ. The predicted RIKP sequence and especially the specific I4 and P6 amino acids are essential for hydrophobic interactions with the IDE complex. In terms of potential AD treatment, PIF was successfully tested in neurodegenerative animal models of perinatal brain injury and experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Importantly, sPIF received a FDA Fast Track Approval and orphan drug designation for first-in-human trial in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive OMICs Technologies, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Todorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive OMICs Technologies, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marialuigia Spinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eytan R. Barnea
- Society for The Investigation of Early Pregnancy (SIEP), New York, NY, USA
- BioIncept, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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15
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Goodale LF, Hayrabedyan S, Todorova K, Roussev R, Ramu S, Stamatkin C, Coulam CB, Barnea ER, Gilbert RO. PreImplantation factor (PIF) protects cultured embryos against oxidative stress: relevance for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32419-32432. [PMID: 28423690 PMCID: PMC5464799 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) affects 2-3% of couples. Despite a detailed work-up, the etiology is frequently undefined, leading to non-targeted therapy. Viable embryos and placentae express PreImplantation Factor (PIF). Maternal circulating PIF regulates systemic immunity and reduces circulating natural killer cells cytotoxicity in RPL patients. PIF promotes singly cultured embryos' development while anti-PIF antibody abrogates it. RPL serum induced embryo toxicity is negated by PIF. We report that PIF rescues delayed embryo development caused by <3 kDa RPL serum fraction likely by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). We reveal that protein disulfide isomerase/thioredoxin (PDI/TRX) is a prime PIF target in the embryo, rendering it an important ROS scavenger. The 16F16-PDI/TRX inhibitor drastically reduced blastocyst development while exogenous PIF increased >2 fold the number of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage. Mechanistically, PDI-inhibitor preferentially binds covalently to oxidized PDI over its reduced form where PIF avidly binds. PIF by targeting PDI/TRX at a distinct site limits the inhibitor's pro-oxidative effects. The >3kDa RPL serum increased embryo demise by three-fold, an effect negated by PIF. However, embryo toxicity was not associated with the presence of putative anti-PIF antibodies. Collectively, PIF protects cultured embryos both against ROS, and higher molecular weight toxins. Using PIF for optimizing in vitro fertilization embryos development and reducing RPL is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay F Goodale
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Soren Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Todorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Sivakumar Ramu
- CARI Reproductive Institute, Chicago, IL, USA.,Promigen Life Sciences, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Stamatkin
- CARI Reproductive Institute, Chicago, IL, USA.,Therapeutic Validation Core, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Eytan R Barnea
- BioIncept, LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA.,Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy (SIEP), Cherry Hill, NJ, USA
| | - Robert O Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
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16
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Shainer R, Almogi-Hazan O, Berger A, Hinden L, Mueller M, Brodie C, Simillion C, Paidas M, Barnea ER, Or R. PreImplantation factor (PIF) therapy provides comprehensive protection against radiation induced pathologies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58975-58994. [PMID: 27449294 PMCID: PMC5312289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) may lead to cancer and death and has few effective countermeasures. Efficacy of synthetic PIF treatment was demonstrated in preclinical autoimmune and transplantation models. PIF protected against inflammation and mortality following lethal irradiation in allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) model. Herein, we demonstrate that PIF imparts comprehensive local and systemic protection against lethal and sub-lethal ARS in murine models. PIF treatment 2 h after lethal irradiation led to 100% survival and global hematopoietic recovery at 2 weeks after therapy. At 24 h after irradiation PIF restored hematopoiesis in a semi-allogeneic BMT model. PIF-preconditioning provided improved long-term engraftment. The direct effect of PIF on bone marrow cells was also demonstrated in vitro: PIF promoted pre-B cell differentiation and increased immunoregulatory properties of BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. PIF treatment also improved hematopoietic recovery and reduced systemic inflammatory cytokine production after sub-lethal radiation exposure. Here, PIF also prevented colonic crypt and basal membrane damage coupled with reduced nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) and increased (B7h1) expression. Global upper GI gene pathway analysis revealed PIF's involvement in protein-RNA interactions, mitochondrial oxidative pathways, and responses to cellular stress. Some effects may be attributed to PIF's influence on macrophage differentiation and function. PIF demonstrated a regulatory effect on irradiated macrophages and on classically activated M1 macrophages, reducing inflammatory gene expression (iNOS, Cox2), promoting protective (Arg1) gene expression and inducing pro-tolerance cytokine secretion. Notably, synthetic PIF is stable for long-term field use. Overall, clinical investigation of PIF for comprehensive ARS protection is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Shainer
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Osnat Almogi-Hazan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Arye Berger
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Liad Hinden
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, 3003, Switzerland
| | | | - Cedric Simillion
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3003, Switzerland
| | - Michael Paidas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eytan R Barnea
- The Society for The Investigation of Early Pregnancy (SIEP), Cherry Hill, NJ 08003, USA.,BioIncept, LLC (PreImplantation Factor* Proprietary), Cherry Hill, NJ 08003, USA
| | - Reuven Or
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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17
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Feichtinger M, Barnea ER, Nyachieo A, Brännström M, Kim SS. Allogeneic ovarian transplantation using immunomodulator preimplantation factor (PIF) as monotherapy restored ovarian function in olive baboon. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:81-89. [PMID: 29128910 PMCID: PMC5758471 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-1051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Allogeneic ovarian transplantation may be an alternative in the future to oocyte donation in women with premature ovarian failure. The objectives of this study were to (a) evaluate allotransplantation feasibility for restoration of ovarian function and (b) assess efficacy of synthetic preimplantation factor (PIF) monotherapy as sole immune-acceptance regimen. METHODS This is an experimental animal study using non-human primates (Papio anubis). Allogeneic orthotopic ovarian tissue transplantation was performed in two female olive baboons. PIF was administered as a monotherapy to prevent immune rejection and achieve transplant maintenance and function. Subjects underwent bilateral oophorectomy followed by cross-transplantation of prepared ovarian cortex. Postoperatively, subjects were monitored for clinical and biochemical signs of graft rejection and return of function. Weekly blood samples were obtained to monitor graft acceptance and endocrine function restoration. RESULTS Postoperatively, there were no clinical signs of rejection. Laboratory parameters (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine) did not indicate organ rejection at any stage of the experiment. Initially, significant loss of follicles was noticed after grafting and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and E2 levels were consistent with ovarian failure. Seven months after transplantation, one animal exhibited recurrence of ovarian endocrine function (perineal swelling, E2 rise, FSH decrease, and return of menstruation). CONCLUSIONS Organ rejection after allogeneic ovarian transplantation was prevented using PIF as monotherapy for the first time and no side effects were recorded. The study suggests the clinical feasibility of ovarian allotransplantation to obtain ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Feichtinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Wunschbaby Institut Feichtinger, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eytan R Barnea
- BioIncept, LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, 08003, USA
- SIEP, Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, Cherry Hill, NJ, 08003, USA
| | | | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Stockholm IVF, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Samuel Kim
- University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- American-Sino Women's and Children's Hospital, 155 Songyuan Rd., Shanghai, China.
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18
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PIF* promotes brain re-myelination locally while regulating systemic inflammation- clinically relevant multiple sclerosis M.smegmatis model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21834-21851. [PMID: 28423529 PMCID: PMC5400627 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurologic disease diagnosis and treatment is challenging. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease with few clinical forms and uncertain etiology. Current studies suggest that it is likely caused by infection(s) triggering a systemic immune response resulting in antigen/non-antigen-related autoimmune response in central nervous system (CNS). New therapeutic approaches are needed. Secreted by viable embryos, PreImplantation Factor (PIF) possesses a local and systemic immunity regulatory role. Synthetic PIF (PIF) duplicates endogenous peptide's protective effect in pre-clinical autoimmune and transplantation models. PIF protects against brain hypoxia-ischemia by directly targeting microglia and neurons. In chronic experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) model PIF reverses paralysis while promoting neural repair. Herein we report that PIF directly promotes brain re-myelination and reverses paralysis in relapsing remitting EAE MS model. PIF crosses the blood-brain barrier targeting microglia. Systemically, PIF decreases pro-inflammatory IL23/IL17 cytokines, while preserving CNS-specific T-cell repertoire. Global brain gene analysis revealed that PIF regulates critical Na+/K+/Ca++ ions, amino acid and glucose transport genes expression. Further, PIF modulates oxidative stress, DNA methylation, cell cycle regulation, and protein ubiquitination while regulating multiple genes. In cultured astrocytes, PIF promotes BDNF-myelin synthesis promoter and SLC2A1 (glucose transport) while reducing deleterious E2F5, and HSP90ab1 (oxidative stress) genes expression. In cultured microglia, PIF increases anti-inflammatory IL10 while reducing pro-inflammatory IFNγ expression. Collectively, PIF promotes brain re-myelination and neuroprotection in relapsing remitting EAE MS model. Coupled with ongoing, Fast-Track FDA approved clinical trial, NCT#02239562 (immune disorder), current data supports PIF's translation for neurodegenerative disorders therapy.
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19
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Piras IS, Mills G, Llaci L, Naymik M, Ramsey K, Belnap N, Balak CD, Jepsen WM, Szelinger S, Siniard AL, Lewis CR, LaFleur M, Richholt RF, De Both MD, Avela K, Rangasamy S, Craig DW, Narayanan V, Järvelä I, Huentelman MJ, Schrauwen I. Exploring genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in Aicardi syndrome. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1373-1386. [PMID: 28967789 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore differential DNA methylation (DNAm) in Aicardi syndrome (AIC), a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with largely unknown etiology. PATIENTS & METHODS We characterized DNAm in AIC female patients and parents using the Illumina 450 K array. Differential DNAm was assessed using the local outlier factor algorithm, and results were validated via qPCR in a larger set of AIC female patients, parents and unrelated young female controls. Functional epigenetic modules analysis was used to detect pathways integrating both genome-wide DNAm and RNA-seq data. RESULTS & CONCLUSION We detected differential methylation patterns in AIC patients in several neurodevelopmental and/or neuroimmunological networks. These networks may be part of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms involved in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio S Piras
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gabrielle Mills
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lorida Llaci
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marcus Naymik
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Newell Belnap
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Chris D Balak
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Wayne M Jepsen
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Szabolcs Szelinger
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ashley L Siniard
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Candace R Lewis
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Madison LaFleur
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ryan F Richholt
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matt D De Both
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kristiina Avela
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Meilahdentie 2, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampathkumar Rangasamy
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - David W Craig
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Translational Genomics, Los Angeles, NRT 1450 Biggy Street, CA 90033, USA
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Irma Järvelä
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Isabelle Schrauwen
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Jin F, Wang K, Sun X, Zhang Z, Han P. Gene expression analysis: Regulation of key genes associated with mycophenolate mofetil treatment of symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7450-7458. [PMID: 28944878 PMCID: PMC5865876 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study analyzed gene expression arrays to identify differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) between mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-treated and placebo-treated patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (SCAS). In addition, the key genes involved in the pharmacology of MMF treatment in patients with SCAS were identified. The gene expression dataset was obtained from a Gene Expression Omnibus database, which included 9 MMF-treated and 11 placebo-treated samples. The DEGs were identified between MMF and placebo groups using R software. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the identified DEGS was constructed. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the 19 most significant DEGs. A total of 210 DEGs between the MMF and placebo groups were screened and their PPI was constructed. GO function analysis revealed that the 19 DEGs were predominantly involved in the tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 protein, which is closely associated with the activation of T cells. The KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the main metabolic pathways of the 19 DEGs were associated with the pharmacological functioning of MMF in activated T cells. In conclusion, the present study identified numerous key DEGs associated with SCAS, and the results suggested that v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog and apelin may serve important roles in the MMF treatment of SCAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jin
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 630014, P.R. China
| | - Zhanpu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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21
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Sbracia M, McKinnon B, Scarpellini F, Marconi D, Rossi G, Simmilion C, Mueller MD, Barnea ER, Mueller M. PreImplantation Factor in endometriosis: A potential role in inducing immune privilege for ectopic endometrium. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184399. [PMID: 28902871 PMCID: PMC5597204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by the growth of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells outside the uterine cavity. In addition to Sampson’s theory of retrograde menstruation, endometriosis pathogenesis is facilitated by a privileged inflammatory microenvironment, with T regulatory FoxP3+ expressing T cells (Tregs) being a significant factor. PreImplantation Factor (PIF) is a peptide essential for pregnancy recognition and development. An immune modulatory function of the synthetic PIF analog (sPIF) has been successfully confirmed in multiple animal models. We report that PIF is expressed in the epithelial ectopic cells in close proximity to FoxP3+ stromal cells. We provide evidence that PIF interacts with FoxP3+ cells and modulates cell viability, dependent on cell source and presence of inflammatory mediators. Our finding represent a novel PIF-based mechanism in endometriosis that has potential for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sbracia
- Hungaria Center for Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Brett McKinnon
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Scarpellini
- Hungaria Center for Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Marconi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cedric Simmilion
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael D. Mueller
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eytan R. Barnea
- SIEP- The Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, Cherry Hill, NJ, United States of America
- Department of Research and Development, BioIncept LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (ERB)
| | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (ERB)
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22
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Synthetic PreImplantation Factor (PIF) prevents fetal loss by modulating LPS induced inflammatory response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180642. [PMID: 28704412 PMCID: PMC5507516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal control of inflammation is essential during pregnancy and an exaggerated response is one of the underlying causes of fetal loss. Inflammatory response is mediated by multiple factors and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are central. Activation of TLRs results in NALP-3 mediated assembly of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase-1 into the inflammasome and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Given that preventing measures are lacking, we investigated PreImplantation Factor (PIF) as therapeutic option as PIF modulates Inflammation in pregnancy. Additionally, synthetic PIF (PIF analog) protects against multiple immune disorders. We used a LPS induced murine model of fetal loss and synthetic PIF reduced this fetal loss and increased the embryo weight significantly. We detected increased PIF expression in the placentae after LPS insult. The LPS induced serum and placenta cytokines were abolished by synthetic PIF treatment and importantly synthetic PIF modulated key members of inflammasome complex NALP-3, ASC, and caspase-1 as well. In conclusion our results indicate that synthetic PIF protects against LPS induced fetal loss, likely through modulation of inflammatory response especially the inflammasome complex. Given that synthetic PIF is currently tested in autoimmune diseases of non-pregnant subjects (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02239562), therapeutic approach during pregnancy can be envisioned.
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Barnea ER, Hayrabedyan S, Todorova K, Almogi-Hazan O, Or R, Guingab J, McElhinney J, Fernandez N, Barder T. PreImplantation factor (PIF*) regulates systemic immunity and targets protective regulatory and cytoskeleton proteins. Immunobiology 2016; 221:778-93. [PMID: 26944449 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secreted by viable embryos, PIF is expressed by the placenta and found in maternal circulation. It promotes implantation and trophoblast invasion, achieving systemic immune homeostasis. Synthetic PIF successfully transposes endogenous PIF features to non-pregnant immune and transplant models. PIF affects innate and activated PBMC cytokines and genes expression. We report that PIF targets similar proteins in CD14+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells instigating integrated immune regulation. PIF-affinity chromatography followed by mass-spectrometry, pathway and heatmap analysis reveals that SET-apoptosis inhibitor, vimentin, myosin-9 and calmodulin are pivotal for immune regulation. PIF acts on macrophages down-stream of LPS (lipopolysaccharide-bacterial antigen) CD14/TLR4/MD2 complex, targeting myosin-9, thymosin-α1 and 14-3-3eta. PIF mainly targets platelet aggregation in CD4+, and skeletal proteins in CD8+ cells. Pathway analysis demonstrates that PIF targets and regulates SET, tubulin, actin-b, and S100 genes expression. PIF targets systemic immunity and has a short circulating half-life. Collectively, PIF targets identified; protective, immune regulatory and cytoskeleton proteins reveal mechanisms involved in the observed efficacy against immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eytan R Barnea
- The Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy (SIEP), Cherry Hill, NJ, USA; BioIncept LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA.
| | - Soren Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Todorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Osnat Almogi-Hazan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reuven Or
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joy Guingab
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics, Banyan Biomarkers, Alachua, FL, USA
| | - James McElhinney
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - Nelson Fernandez
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - Timothy Barder
- Research & Development, Eprogen, Inc., Downers Grove, IL, USA
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