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Dixon S, O'connor AT, Brooks-Noreiga C, Clark MA, Levy A, Castejon AM. Role of renin angiotensin system inhibitors and metformin in Glioblastoma Therapy: a review. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 94:1-23. [PMID: 38914751 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-024-04686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and incurable disease accounting for about 10,000 deaths in the USA each year. Despite the current treatment approach which includes surgery with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, there remains a high prevalence of recurrence. Notable improvements have been observed in persons receiving concurrent antihypertensive drugs such as renin angiotensin inhibitors (RAS) or the antidiabetic drug metformin with standard therapy. Anti-tumoral effects of RAS inhibitors and metformin have been observed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Although clinical trials have shown mixed results, the potential for the use of RAS inhibitors and metformin as adjuvant GBM therapy remains promising. Nevertheless, evidence suggest that these drugs exert multimodal antitumor actions; by particularly targeting several cancer hallmarks. In this review, we highlight the results of clinical studies using multidrug cocktails containing RAS inhibitors and or metformin added to standard therapy for GBM. In addition, we highlight the possible molecular mechanisms by which these repurposed drugs with an excellent safety profile might elicit their anti-tumoral effects. RAS inhibition elicits anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and immune sensitivity effects in GBM. However, metformin promotes anti-migratory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects mainly through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Also, we discussed metformin's potential in targeting both GBM cells as well as GBM associated-stem cells. Finally, we summarize a few drug interactions that may cause an additive or antagonistic effect that may lead to adverse effects and influence treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashana Dixon
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA.
| | - Ann Tenneil O'connor
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Chloe Brooks-Noreiga
- Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Michelle A Clark
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Arkene Levy
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Ana M Castejon
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
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de Melo IG, Tavares V, Pereira D, Medeiros R. Contribution of Endothelial Dysfunction to Cancer Susceptibility and Progression: A Comprehensive Narrative Review on the Genetic Risk Component. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4845-4873. [PMID: 38785560 PMCID: PMC11120512 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a challenging clinical obstacle in oncological settings, marked by elevated incidence rates and resulting morbidity and mortality. In the context of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays a crucial role in promoting a pro-thrombotic environment as endothelial cells lose their ability to regulate blood flow and coagulation. Moreover, emerging research suggests that this disorder may not only contribute to CAT but also impact tumorigenesis itself. Indeed, a dysfunctional endothelium may promote resistance to therapy and favour tumour progression and dissemination. While extensive research has elucidated the multifaceted mechanisms of ED pathogenesis, the genetic component remains a focal point of investigation. This comprehensive narrative review thus delves into the genetic landscape of ED and its potential ramifications on cancer progression. A thorough examination of genetic variants, specifically polymorphisms, within key genes involved in ED pathogenesis, namely eNOS, EDN1, ACE, AGT, F2, SELP, SELE, VWF, ICAM1, and VCAM1, was conducted. Overall, these polymorphisms seem to play a context-dependent role, exerting both oncogenic and tumour suppressor effects depending on the tumour and other environmental factors. In-depth studies are needed to uncover the mechanisms connecting these DNA variations to the pathogenesis of malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Guerra de Melo
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto. CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.G.d.M.); (V.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valéria Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto. CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.G.d.M.); (V.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto. CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.G.d.M.); (V.T.)
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
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Kutumova E, Kovaleva A, Sharipov R, Lifshits G, Kolpakov F. Mathematical modelling of the influence of ACE I/D polymorphism on blood pressure and antihypertensive therapy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29988. [PMID: 38707445 PMCID: PMC11068647 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism raises the possibility of personalising ACE inhibitor therapy to optimise its efficiency and reduce side effects in genetically distinct subgroups. However, the extent of its influence among these subgroups is unknown. Therefore, we extended our computational model of blood pressure regulation to investigate the effect of the ACE I/D polymorphism on haemodynamic parameters in humans undergoing antihypertensive therapy. The model showed that the dependence of blood pressure on serum ACE activity is a function of saturation and therefore, the lack of association between ACE I/D and blood pressure levels may be due to high ACE activity in specific populations. Additionally, in an extended model simulating the effects of different classes of antihypertensive drugs, we explored the relationship between ACE I/D and the efficacy of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The model predicted that the response of cardiovascular and renal parameters to treatment directly depends on ACE activity. However, significant differences in parameter changes were observed only between groups with high and low ACE levels, while different ACE I/D genotypes within the same group had similar changes in absolute values. We conclude that a single genetic variant is responsible for only a small fraction of heredity in treatment success and its predictive value is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kutumova
- Department of Computational Biology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Krasnodar region, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna Kovaleva
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ruslan Sharipov
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Specialized Educational Scientific Center, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina Lifshits
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Fedor Kolpakov
- Department of Computational Biology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Krasnodar region, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
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Abdel Ghafar MT, Helmy AA. Genetic variants in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Impact on cancer risk, prognosis, and therapeutic directions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 124:165-220. [PMID: 38408799 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Although renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is known to maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance, it has recently been linked to a number of biological processes such as angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cellular proliferation, increasing the risk of cancer development and progression. Multiple genetic variants have been found to affect the genes encoding RAAS components, altering gene transcription and protein expression. This review provides an up-to-date insight into the role of RAAS in carcinogenesis, as well as the impact of RAAS genetic variants on the risk of cancer development, progression, and patient survival and outcomes, as well as response to treatment. This paves the way for the application of precision medicine in cancer risk assessment and management by implementing preventative programs in individuals at risk and guiding the therapeutic direction in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aya A Helmy
- Clinical Pathology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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The Effect of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) I/D Polymorphism on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in Non-Hemodialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease: The Mediating Role of Plasma ACE Level. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071121. [PMID: 35885904 PMCID: PMC9318243 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphisms and plasma ACE levels may allow for the optimization of a preventive intervention to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. In this study, we aimed to analyze the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and cardiovascular mortality risk among non-hemodialyzed chronic kidney disease patients. This cross-sectional study examined 70 patients of Javanese ethnic origin with stable CKD who did not receive hemodialysis. ACE I/D polymorphisms, plasma ACE levels, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, and cardiovascular mortality risk were investigated. As per our findings, the I allele was found to be more frequent (78.6) than the D allele (21.4), and the DD genotype was less frequent than the II genotype (4.3 vs. 61.4). The ACE I/D polymorphism had a significant direct positive effect on plasma ACE levels (path coefficient = 0.302, p = 0.021). Similarly, plasma ACE levels had a direct and significant positive effect on the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (path coefficient = 0.410, p = 0.000). Moreover, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk had a significant positive effect on cardiovascular mortality risk (path coefficient = 0.918, p = 0.000). The ACE I/D polymorphism had no direct effect on ASCVD and cardiovascular mortality risk. However, our findings show that the indirect effects of high plasma ACE levels may be a factor in the increased risk of ASCVD and cardiovascular mortality in Javanese CKD patients.
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Cui Y, Chen F, Gao J, Lei M, Wang D, Jin X, Guo Y, Shan L, Chen X. Comprehensive landscape of the renin-angiotensin system in Pan-cancer: a potential downstream mediated mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3795-3817. [PMID: 34671200 PMCID: PMC8495399 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.53312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, utilizes the mechanism of binding to ACE2 (a crucial component of the renin-angiotensin system [RAS]), subsequently mediating a secondary imbalance of the RAS family and leading to severe injury to the host. However, very few studies have been conducted to reveal the mechanism behind the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on tumors. Methods: Demographic data extracted from 33 cancer types and over 10,000 samples were employed to determine the comprehensive landscape of the RAS. Expression distribution, pretranscriptional and posttranscriptional regulation and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) as well as genomic alterations, DNA methylation and m6A modification were analyzed in both tissue and cell lines. The clinical phenotype, prognostic value and significance of the RAS during immune infiltration were identified. Results: Low expression of AGTR1 was common in tumors compared to normal tissues, while very low expression of AGTR2 and MAS1 was detected in both tissues and cell lines. Differential expression patterns of ACE in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) were correlated with ubiquitin modification involving E3 ligases. Genomic alterations of the RAS family were infrequent across TCGA pan-cancer program, and ACE had the highest alteration frequency compared with other members. Low expression of AGTR1 may result from hypermethylation in the promoter. Downregulation of RAS family was linked to higher clinical stage and worse survival (as measured by disease-specific survival [DSS], overall survival [OS] or progression-free interval [PFI]), especially for ACE2 and AGTR1 in KIRC. ACE-AGTR1, a classical axis of the RAS family related to immune infiltration, was positively correlated with M2-type macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune checkpoint genes in most cancers. Conclusion: ACE, ACE2, AGT and AGTR1 were differentially expressed in 33 types of cancers. PTM of RAS family was found to rely on ubiquitination. ACE2 and AGTR1 might serve as independent prognostic factors for LGG and KIRC. SARS-CoV-2 might modify the tumor microenvironment by regulating the RAS family, thus affecting the biological processes of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cui
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Fengzhi Chen
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiayi Gao
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mengxia Lei
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoying Jin
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan Guo
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Liying Shan
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xuesong Chen
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
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Gao G, Liu C, Li X, Guan X, Yang X, Qin P. Growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) insertion/deletion polymorphism and cancer susceptibility in Asian populations: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27415. [PMID: 34731115 PMCID: PMC8519240 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported the association of an insertion/deletion (Ins/Del) polymorphism (rs145204276 AGGCA/-) in the promoter region of growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) with the risk of cancer, such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the results are still controversial. We aimed to clarify the association of GAS5 rs145204276 polymorphism with cancer risk by meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies concerning GAS5 and cancer published up to November 25, 2019. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate cancer risk. RESULTS A total of 12 case-control studies with 8729 cases and 10,807 controls were included in this meta-analysis. We found that the GAS5 rs145204276 polymorphism was not significantly associated with cancer risk (Del vs Ins: OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.81-1.13; Del/Del vs Ins/Ins: OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.70-1.43; Ins/Del vs Ins/Ins: OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.78-1.08; Ins/Del and Del/Del vs Ins/Ins: OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.76-1.13; Del/Del vs Ins/Del and Ins/Ins: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.78-1.38). In the stratified analyses, significant effects on gastric cancer were found (Del vs Ins: OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72-0.86; Del/Del vs Ins/Ins: OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52-0.82; Ins/Del vs Ins/Ins: OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.68-0.86; Ins/Del + Del/Del vs Ins/Ins: OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.66-0.83; Del/Del vs Ins/Ins + Ins/Del: OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.59-0.91). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis showed that GAS5 rs145204276 polymorphisms were not related to overall cancer risk. However, the GAS5 rs145204276 polymorphism may be a protective factor for gastric cancer in the stratification analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Gao
- Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Maternity Hospital and Affiliated Children's Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, LiuZhou, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Maternity Hospital and Affiliated Children's Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, LiuZhou, China
| | - Xueli Li
- Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Maternity Hospital and Affiliated Children's Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, LiuZhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Guan
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, LiuZhou, China
| | - Xingxing Yang
- Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Maternity Hospital and Affiliated Children's Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, LiuZhou, China
| | - Peixu Qin
- Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Maternity Hospital and Affiliated Children's Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, LiuZhou, China
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Rotimi SO, Rotimi OA, Salhia B. A Review of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Studies in Africa. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606400. [PMID: 33659210 PMCID: PMC7917259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is projected to overtake infectious disease as the leading cause of mortality in Africa within the next two decades. Cancer is a group of genomic diseases that presents with intra- and inter-population unique phenotypes, with Black populations having the burden of morbidity and mortality for most types. At large, the prevention and treatment of cancers have been propelled by the understanding of the genetic make-up of the disease of mostly non-African populations. By the same token, there is a wide knowledge gap in understanding the underlying genetic causes of, and genomic alterations associated with, cancer among black Africans. Accordingly, we performed a review of the literature to survey existing studies on cancer genetics/genomics and curated findings pertaining to publications across multiple cancer types conducted on African populations. We used PubMed MeSH terms to retrieve the relevant publications from 1990 to December 2019. The metadata of these publications were extracted using R text mining packages: RISmed and Pubmed.mineR. The data showed that only 0.329% of cancer publications globally were on Africa, and only 0.016% were on cancer genetics/genomics from Africa. Although the most prevalent cancers in Africa are cancers of the breast, cervix, uterus, and prostate, publications representing breast, colorectal, liver, and blood cancers were the most frequent in our review. The most frequently reported cancer genes were BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53. Next, the genes reported in the reviewed publications’ abstracts were extracted and annotated into three gene ontology classes. Genes in the cellular component class were mostly associated with cell part and organelle part, while those in biological process and molecular function classes were mainly associated with cell process, biological regulation, and binding, and catalytic activity, respectively. Overall, this review highlights the paucity of research on cancer genomics on African populations, identified gaps, and discussed the need for concerted efforts to encourage more research on cancer genomics in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon O Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi A Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Wang X, Meng H, Ruan J, Chen W, Meng F. Low G0S2 gene expression levels in peripheral blood may be a genetic marker of acute myocardial infarction in patients with stable coronary atherosclerotic disease: A retrospective clinical study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23468. [PMID: 33545927 PMCID: PMC7837852 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The G0/G1 switch 2 (G0S2) gene is closely related to lipolysis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the development of a variety of tumors. The aim of the present study was to expand the sample size to confirm the relationship between the expression of the G0S2 gene in peripheral blood and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) based on previous gene chip results. METHODS Three hundred patients were initially selected, of which 133 were excluded in accordance with the exclusion criteria. Peripheral blood leukocytes were collected from 92 patients with AMI and 75 patients with stable coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD). mRNA expression levels of G0S2 in peripheral blood leukocytes was measured by RT-PCR, and protein expression levels by Western blot analysis. The results of these assays in the 2 groups were compared. RESULTS mRNA expression levels of GOS2 in the peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with AMI were 0.41-fold lower than those of patients with stable CAD (P < .05), and GOS2 protein expression levels were 0.45-fold lower. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that low expression levels of the G0S2 gene increased the risk of AMI by 2.08-fold in stable CAD patients. CONCLUSIONS G0S2 gene expression in the peripheral blood leukocytes of AMI patients was lower than that of stable CAD patients. Low G0S2 gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes is an independent risk factor for AMI in stable CAD patients.
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Sun M, Fang Y, Ma S, Gao X, Sun Y. The genetic polymorphisms of angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion and glioma susceptibility: A meta-analysis. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2020; 21:1470320320963939. [PMID: 33045911 PMCID: PMC7557697 DOI: 10.1177/1470320320963939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The previous studies on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) genetic polymorphism and glioma risk were inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between ACE I/D polymorphisms and glioma risk. Methods and Results: In total, four populations (1110 cases and 1335 controls) on ACE I/D polymorphism were included. Overall, the meta-analysis demonstrated no significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism and glioma risk. In addition, the analysis of the association of ACE I/D polymorphism and clinical grade also showed no significant association. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis didn’t find a significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism glioma risk. However, further studies with larger sample size and more ethnic groups are required to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Fang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhen Ma
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Ximei Gao
- Department of International Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P.R. China
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Association of Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Insertion/287 bp Deletion Polymorphisms and Proliferative Prostatic Diseases among Lebanese Men. Prostate Cancer 2020; 2020:5959134. [PMID: 32089890 PMCID: PMC7029258 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5959134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I) and 287 bp Alu repeat DNA fragment deletion (D) polymorphisms have been indicated in various cancers. Here, we investigated I/D polymorphisms in prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) among Lebanese men. Methods Blood DNA extracted from 69 control subjects, 69 subjects with clinically confirmed PCa, and 69 subjects with clinical BPH, all the subjects were aged 50 years or older, was subjected to the polymerase chain reaction. The PCR products were resolved in polyacrylamide gels to determine II, ID, and DD genotypes. The odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and p values of the allele frequencies and genotype ratios were calculated for establishing possible association of the alleles and/or genotypes and PCa and/or BPH. Results The proportions of II, ID, and DD genotypes were significantly different from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for BPH and PCa groups (but not the control group), mostly due to overabundance of the ID genotypes. There was no significant difference in the I and D allele frequencies between the control groups and the affected groups. The ratio of (DD + ID)/II is significantly lower among the control group compared to the BPH group (RR = 8.92, p values of the allele frequencies and genotype ratios were calculated for establishing possible association of the alleles and/or genotypes and PCa and/or BPH. p values of the allele frequencies and genotype ratios were calculated for establishing possible association of the alleles and/or genotypes and PCa and/or BPH. Conclusions Our data indicate that the D allele of the I/D polymorphisms of the ACE gene is associated with increased risk of BPH, and the ID genotype is a risk factor for both BPH and PCa among Lebanese males.
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Zou YF, Meng LB, He ZK, Hu CH, Shan MJ, Wang DY, Yu X. Screening and authentication of molecular markers in malignant glioblastoma based on gene expression profiles. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4593-4604. [PMID: 31611967 PMCID: PMC6781560 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant tumor of the central nervous system with high mortality rates. Gene expression profiling may determine the chemosensitivity of GBMs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying GBM remain to be determined. To screen the novel key genes in its occurrence and development, two glioma databases, GSE122498 and GSE104291, were analyzed in the present study. Bioinformatics analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, Cytoscape, cBioPortal, and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis softwares. Patients with recurrent GBM showed worse overall survival rate. Overall, 341 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were authenticated based on two microarray datasets, which were primarily enriched in ‘cell division’, ‘mitotic nuclear division’, ‘DNA replication’, ‘nucleoplasm’, ‘cytosol, nucleus’, ‘protein binding’, ‘ATP binding’, ‘protein C-terminus binding’, ‘the cell cycle’, ‘DNA replication’, ‘oocyte meiosis’ and ‘valine’. The protein-protein interaction network was composed of 1,799 edges and 237 nodes. Its significant module had 10 hub genes, and CDK1, BUB1B, NDC80, NCAPG, BUB1, CCNB1, TOP2A, DLGAP5, ASPM and MELK were significantly associated with carcinogenesis and the development of GBM. The present study indicated that the DEGs and hub genes, identified based on bioinformatics analyses, had significant diagnostic value for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Fan Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital-Sixth Medical Center, Beijing 100037, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Navy Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Bing Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Kai He
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102200, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Hao Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital-Sixth Medical Center, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Jie Shan
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Deng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital-Sixth Medical Center, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital-Sixth Medical Center, Beijing 100037, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Navy Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
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