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Mbama Ntabi JD, Malda Bali ED, Lissom A, Akoton R, Djontu JC, Missontsa G, Mouzinga FH, Baina MT, Djogbenou L, Ndo C, Wondji C, Adegnika AA, Lenga A, Borrmann S, Ntoumi F. Contribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes to malaria transmission during the dry season in Djoumouna and Ntoula villages in the Republic of the Congo. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:104. [PMID: 38431686 PMCID: PMC10908062 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquitoes belonging to the Anopheles gambiae sensu lato complex play a major role in malaria transmission across Africa. This study assessed the relative importance of members of An. gambiae s.l. in malaria transmission in two rural villages in the Republic of the Congo. METHODS Adult mosquitoes were collected using electric aspirators from June to September 2022 in Djoumouna and Ntoula villages and were sorted by taxa based on their morphological features. Anopheles gambiae s.l. females were also molecularly identified. A TaqMan-based assay and a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to determine Plasmodium spp. in the mosquitoes. Entomological indexes were estimated, including man-biting rate, entomological inoculation rate (EIR), and diversity index. RESULTS Among 176 mosquitoes collected, An. gambiae s.l. was predominant (85.8%), followed by Culex spp. (13.6%) and Aedes spp. (0.6%). Three members of the An. gambiae s.l. complex were collected in both villages, namely An. gambiae sensu stricto (74.3%), Anopheles coluzzii (22.9%) and Anopheles arabiensis (2.8%). Three Plasmodium species were detected in An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii (Plasmodium falciparum, P. malariae and P. ovale), while only P. falciparum and P. malariae were found in An. arabiensis. In general, the Plasmodium infection rate was 35.1% (53/151) using the TaqMan-based assay, and nested PCR confirmed 77.4% (41/53) of those infections. The nightly EIR of An. gambiae s.l. was 0.125 infectious bites per person per night (ib/p/n) in Djoumouna and 0.08 ib/p/n in Ntoula. The EIR of An. gambiae s.s. in Djoumouna (0.11 ib/p/n) and Ntoula (0.04 ib/p/n) was higher than that of An. coluzzii (0.01 and 0.03 ib/p/n) and An. arabiensis (0.005 and 0.0 ib/p/n). CONCLUSIONS This study provides baseline information on the dominant vectors and dynamics of malaria transmission in the rural areas of the Republic of the Congo during the dry season. In the two sampled villages, An. gambiae s.s. appears to play a predominant role in Plasmodium spp. TRANSMISSION
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Dollon Mbama Ntabi
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
| | - Espoir Divin Malda Bali
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Abel Lissom
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Romaric Akoton
- Fondation Pour La Recherche Scientifique (FORS), ISBA, BP: 88, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Jean Claude Djontu
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Georges Missontsa
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Freisnel Hermeland Mouzinga
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Marcel Tapsou Baina
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Luc Djogbenou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Cyrille Ndo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
- Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charles Wondji
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ayola Akim Adegnika
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Fondation Pour La Recherche Scientifique (FORS), ISBA, BP: 88, Cotonou, Bénin
- Centre de Recherche Médicale de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arsène Lenga
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Steffen Borrmann
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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