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Oikonomou P, Nikolaou C, Papachristou F, Sovatzidis A, Lambropoulou M, Giouleka C, Kontaxis V, Linardoutsos D, Papalois A, Pitiakoudis M, Tsaroucha A. Eugenol Reduced ΜPO, CD45 and HMGB1 Expression and Attenuated the Expression of Leukocyte Infiltration Markers in the Intestinal Tissue in Biliopancreatic Duct Ligation-Induced Pancreatitis in Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:74. [PMID: 38256335 PMCID: PMC10820626 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Inflammation and dysregulation in the intestinal barrier function in acute pancreatitis (AP) trigger pancreatic lesions, systemic inflammatory response, and multiple organ dysfunction. Eugenol, as the main component of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We studied the potentially beneficial effect of eugenol in a rodent model of biliopancreatic duct ligation-induced AP. Materials and Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, AP, and AP + eugenol (15 mg/kg/day). Serum TNFα, IL-6, IL-18, and resistin levels, as well as IL-6, TNFα, MPO, HMGB1, and CD45 tissue expression, were determined at various timepoints after the induction of AP. Results: Eugenol attenuated hyperemia and inflammatory cell infiltration in the intestinal mucosal, submucosal, and muscular layers. IL-6 and resistin serum levels were significantly reduced in the AP + eugenol group, while serum TNFα and IL-18 levels remained unaffected overall. TNFα pancreatic and intestinal expression was attenuated by eugenol at 72 h, while IL-6 expression was affected only in the pancreas. MPO, CD45, and HMGB1 intestinal expression was significantly reduced in eugenol-treated rats. Conclusions: Eugenol managed to attenuate the inflammatory response in the intestine in duct ligation-induced AP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagoula Oikonomou
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.S.); (C.G.); (V.K.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.N.); (F.P.)
| | - Christina Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.N.); (F.P.)
| | - Fotini Papachristou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.N.); (F.P.)
| | - Apostolos Sovatzidis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.S.); (C.G.); (V.K.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Charikleia Giouleka
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.S.); (C.G.); (V.K.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Vasileios Kontaxis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.S.); (C.G.); (V.K.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Dimitrios Linardoutsos
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.S.); (C.G.); (V.K.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Apostolos Papalois
- Experimental Research Center, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, Pikermi, 19009 Athens, Greece;
| | - Michael Pitiakoudis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.S.); (C.G.); (V.K.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alexandra Tsaroucha
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.S.); (C.G.); (V.K.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.N.); (F.P.)
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Carvalho RPR, Carvalho IRD, Costa RVD, Guimarães-Ervilha LO, Machado-Neves M. The effects of eugenol on histological, enzymatic, and oxidative parameters in the major salivary glands and pancreas of healthy male Wistar rats. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 154:105764. [PMID: 37454526 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of eugenol on histological, enzymatic, and oxidative parameters in the pancreas, parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands of healthy male rats. DESIGN Twenty-four adult Wistar rats were assigned into four groups (n = 6/group). Control rats received 2% Tween-20 (eugenol vehicle), whereas the other animals received 10, 20, and 40 mg kg-1 eugenol through gavage daily for 60 d. Major salivary and pancreatic glands were weighed and preserved fixed for microscopic analysis and frozen for in vitro assays. RESULTS Eugenol did not alter glands' weight and serum amylase activity regardless of the concentration. The highest dose of eugenol caused an increase in pancreatic amylase activity and a reduction of lipase activity from serum and pancreas. Eugenol at 40 mg kg-1 diminished the activity of SOD and FRAP in the submandibular gland and CAT and FRAP in the sublingual gland. However, it did not exert any effect on GST regardless of the gland. Additionally, 40 mg kg-1 eugenol increased MDA levels in pancreatic, parotid, and submandibular glands and NO levels in the sublingual. The concentrations of eugenol induced distinct responses in the glands regarding the activity of Na+/K+, Mg2+, and total ATPase activity. They also affected histomorphometrical and histochemistrical parameters in the submandibular gland only. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that 40 mg kg-1 eugenol altered most of the biochemical and oxidatived parameters of digestive glands. Only submandibular glands presented histological changes after eugenol exposure suggesting potential implications for its function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosiany Vieira da Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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